Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph最新文献_第8页

Perceptions, Practices and Principles: Increasing Awareness of ‘Night Sky’ in Urban Landscapes 认知、实践和原则:提高城市景观中“夜空”的意识

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-12-23 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1202

R. Mosseri

引用次数: 0

“The quarry proposed by the St. Marys Cement Inc. for a location near Carlisle, Ontario, should not be permitted”: Adjudication Report “圣玛丽水泥公司在安大略省卡莱尔附近提议的采石场不应该被允许”:裁决报告

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-12-23 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V5I1.1340

Vanessa Chaimbrone, Peggy Cheng, M. Coughlin, N. Gale, Melissa Hurst, V. Robson, Glenn Fox

引用次数: 0

Calculation of the carbon footprint of Ontario wheat 安大略省小麦碳足迹的计算

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1262

J. Ho

{"title":"Calculation of the carbon footprint of Ontario wheat","authors":"J. Ho","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1262","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing consumer awareness of the environmental impact of food production has prompted interest in locally grown food in Ontario. The research reported here had the objective of quantifying the carbon footprint of Ontario grown wheat. A spreadsheet was developed and populated with data and emission coefficients gathered through consultation of the literature. The spreadsheet expresses the carbon footprint in the life cycle of Ontario wheat in CO2 equivalent (kg CO2). The life cycle of wheat includes production, transportation, the use of machinery and application of agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers. Since there are insufficient industrial data of manufacture of machines, they were not included in the calculations. The accuracy of this spreadsheet was examined by comparing its results with results of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Calculator. The total farm emission of the AAFC GHG Calculator was 3960.2 Mg CO2, while the created spreadsheet had a result of 2963.1 Mg CO2. The spreadsheet has a lower emission than AAFC GHG Calculator because machine manufacture was not included in the spreadsheet. For individual categories agreement was quite close, most categories are within 90% agreement. As a conclusion, results between AAFC GHG Calculator and spreadsheets are similar hence demonstrate the accuracy of the spreadsheet created. Fertilizer production and direct emission from the soil were responsible for 89% of the GHG emissions from Ontario grown wheat.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123618225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Analysis of the fungal, archaeal and bacteriophage diversity in the human distal gut 人类远端肠道真菌、古细菌和噬菌体多样性分析

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1331

E. Brown, E. Allen-Vercoe

{"title":"Analysis of the fungal, archaeal and bacteriophage diversity in the human distal gut","authors":"E. Brown, E. Allen-Vercoe","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1331","url":null,"abstract":"The composition and role of bacteria in the human gut has been studied intensely and is a burgeoning field of scientific research. However, there is a relative lack of research on other microorganisms which compose our gut flora such as bacteriophage, archaea and fungi. The aim of our study was to begin to fill this gap. The archaeal, fungal and bacteriophage diversity in the gut was analyzed using a PCR-DGGE fingerprinting method on fecal samples from 3 healthy donors. These samples were inoculated into chemostats and the microbes were grown in continuous culture to model the interactions of our flora in vitro. Norepinephrine was also added to the chemostats to test the microbial community’s reaction to stress. Here we report that, relative to bacteria, fungal and archaeal diversity in the gut is low. The archaeal populations seemed stable over time varied depending on the individual. Fungal populations were more variable over time and changes in the community structure were observed after the addition of norepinephrine. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the presence of fungal species that are not yet cultured, yet are residents of the gut. Species of Podophage can also be detected as residents of the gut based on sequence analysis. It is clear that there is a core set of archaeal and fungal species living as residents in the gut. Bacteriophage are also present but their ecological role and effect on the microbial community in the gut is unknown.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121654307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Globalisation, collaboration, and indigenous alcohol abuse 全球化、合作和土著酗酒问题

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1184

T. Piggott

{"title":"Globalisation, collaboration, and indigenous alcohol abuse","authors":"T. Piggott","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1184","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol abuse is attributed to four percent of the global burden of disease and associated with over 60 medical conditions. This burden is borne disproportionately by the indigenous peoples of our world. Two such indigenous populations, albeit far from one another, who are suffering from alcohol abuse are the San in Botswana and the First Nations in Canada. Both marginalised populations have high rates of alcohol abuse; however, there is a clear need for more research into the epidemiology. The public health response to alcohol abuse in indigenous populations is at a different stage in Canada and Botswana. In Canada, alcohol abuse among the First Nations has been on the agenda of public health since the release of the Indian Relations Paper in 1975. In Botswana, alcohol abuse among the San has yet to be recognized– the government response has been blind to ethnicity. This paper examines the similarities and differences between alcohol abuse issues, providing evidence that increased collaboration would lead to benefits for both populations. Neither side, those responsible for the public health of the San or First Nations, has an impeccable record – both sides could learn much from the successes and failures of the other, and other indigenous populations suffering from alcohol abuse globally.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of tree diversity in response to logging in Algonquin Provincial Park 阿尔冈昆省立公园树木多样性对采伐的响应模式

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1318

Brittany K. Jones, O. Molenda, Colin E Hayward, M. D'Aguiar, N. Miller, Leslie N. Rye, K. Cottenie

{"title":"Patterns of tree diversity in response to logging in Algonquin Provincial Park","authors":"Brittany K. Jones, O. Molenda, Colin E Hayward, M. D'Aguiar, N. Miller, Leslie N. Rye, K. Cottenie","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1318","url":null,"abstract":"The acceleration of human disturbance on natural systems necessitates the understanding of the effects of disturbance on species diversity, in order to mitigate its impacts. The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) provides a general framework for predicting how these effects will unfold, centered on the premise that diversity will be maximized at intermediate levels of disturbance, or after an intermediate amount of time has passed since the last disturbance. We investigated the impact of disturbance by logging in Algonquin Provincial Park, ON, Canada, on tree species diversity. We sampled 7 sites, with known times since the last logging event, ranging between 4 and 149 years. We found that species richness and diversity indeed peaked at an intermediate disturbance regime of approximately 80 years since logging. We also found that this maximum diversity was caused by a combination of early, pioneer, post-pioneer, sub-climax, and climax species. Our experiment shows that IDH is applicable to the mixed forests of Algonquin, and therefore, provided that sites are logged after a suitable amount of time has passed, it is possible to harvest trees and maintain diversity.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124470004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acute toxicity of silver nitrate to in vitro fertilization of the sand dollar, Echinarachnius parma 硝酸银对沙棘猴体外受精的急性毒性研究

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1322

Olivia M Knight

{"title":"Acute toxicity of silver nitrate to in vitro fertilization of the sand dollar, Echinarachnius parma","authors":"Olivia M Knight","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1322","url":null,"abstract":"Considered one of the most toxic heavy metals, interest in silver (both ionic and bound forms) has increased over the past few years due to the production of consumer goods containing Ag⁺-releasing nanoparticles. Investigation into acceptable environmental limits has generated a substantial amount of evidence that even at very low concentrations, silver exposure is detrimental to organism health. This study employed the echinoderm fertilization assay to evaluate acute silver toxicity to a marine invertebrate, Echinarachnius parma. Gametes were procured from E. parma and fertilization success under control conditions was compared to that at varying treatment concentrations of silver nitrate. Exposure to silver nitrate significantly decreased percent fertilization in all treatment concentrations. Remarkably, at concentrations as low as 10⁻⁹ M AgNO₃ percent fertilization decreased by 20-30% compared to the control. The results of this study are consistent with the existing literature, adding to the expanding collection of data that emphasizes the need for more stringent environmental silver regulation criteria in order to ensure the protection of aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128354816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brewery resource and energy recovery system 啤酒厂资源能源回收系统

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1200

Kathryn J. Loog, R. Phinney, Krista L. Read, L. J. Robertson

引用次数: 0

Joint forest management in India: implications and opportunities for women’s participation in community resource management 印度的联合森林管理:妇女参与社区资源管理的影响和机会

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/surg.v4i2.1186

Sophie Maksimowski

{"title":"Joint forest management in India: implications and opportunities for women’s participation in community resource management","authors":"Sophie Maksimowski","doi":"10.21083/surg.v4i2.1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v4i2.1186","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, state decentralization of control over community resource management has been increasing on a global scale. This process is largely intended to compensate for bureaucratic inefficiencies through the involvement of local users in state conservation efforts. Since India established its National Forest Policy of 1988, such a shift has occurred in natural resource management from the national to the local level. During the 1990’s this process of decentralization was accelerated under India’s Joint Forest Management (JFM) Policy. This paper examines the implications of JFM in involving local stakeholders with forest management practices, and specifically, women’s role within JFM and the degree of their participation within village forest institutions. Women are the primary collectors of forest products in rural India, and it is recognized that as a forest-dependent group, they ought to be involved in decision-making within these institutions for the sustainability of village livelihoods and conservation efforts. The success of JFM programs in this regard requires that a greater role for women be established through a gender policy within JFM. Both within and outside of state policy, measures to enhance women’s participation must take into account social relations and structures that perpetuate women’s exclusion, and identify ways through which these structures can be transformed. Ultimately, promoting women’s empowerment and livelihood rights and opportunities are essential preconditions to their effective participation.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133294336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Teaching FSL with AIM? An elementary school case study 用AIM教外语?一个小学案例研究

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2011-03-11 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1261

B. Carroll

{"title":"Teaching FSL with AIM? An elementary school case study","authors":"B. Carroll","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V4I2.1261","url":null,"abstract":"The publication of the Roadmap for Canada’s Linguistic Duality 2008 – 2013 by the Canadian government has presented a challenge to the country’s ministries of education: to double, by the year 2013, the number of graduates from Canadian secondary schools who have acquired acquired a functional knowledge of their second language. The goal set out by this publication has yet again heightened the polemic around the most effective way to learn a second language. Contributing to the corpus of instructional materials for the teaching of FSL in Canada, Wendy Maxwell, a French teacher in British Columbia, developed the AIM (Accelerative Integrated Method). The AIM proposes to accelerate the learning of the target language through the use of gestures (The Gesture Approach) so that students can understand and speak in the second language (SL) as early as possible. In spite of the growing popularity and favorable reception of the program by teachers, there is very little research examining its effectiveness in the classroom. This article proposes to add to the current body of research by examining the efficiency of the AIM for the teaching of FSL on a practical and theoretical level. Data acquired from a proficiency test administered to elementary core French students taught with the AIM will serve as a springboard in defining the potential outcomes one can attain with the program. Finally, a review of the literature on the AIM as well as the use of gesture in the SL classroom will bring into evidence the theoretical merits of the method.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130181290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4