Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph最新文献

Regenerative agriculture: increasing plant diversity and soil carbon sequestration on agricultural landscapes 再生农业:增加农业景观中的植物多样性和土壤固碳

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.21083/surg.v15i1.7196

Kate McCauley, Kate Barlow

{"title":"Regenerative agriculture: increasing plant diversity and soil carbon sequestration on agricultural landscapes","authors":"Kate McCauley, Kate Barlow","doi":"10.21083/surg.v15i1.7196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v15i1.7196","url":null,"abstract":"Soil carbon sequestration is a proposed method of mitigating climate change by removing atmospheric carbon dioxide and depositing it in soil. Sustainable agricultural systems such as regenerative agriculture are capitalizing on the opportunity for soil carbon sequestration to be a positive outcome of new land management practices. Regenerative agriculture is a soil-focused approach to farming with the goal of supporting soil health by increasing biodiversity and soil-focused practices. This article explores the possibility of regenerative agriculture’s land management practices to impact soil carbon sequestration via the promotion of plant biodiversity restoration. Examining studies testing the effects of three sustainable practices on soil carbon storage: agroforestry, crop diversification, and crop rotation, as well as native restoration efforts, a positive relationship is found between plant diversity and carbon sequestration. Agroforestry benefits carbon sequestration through stable deep-rooting systems and carbon storage in biomass. Crop diversification and rotation practices encourage nutrients to cycle into the soil and diversify soil microorganisms. The overall effectiveness of these practices in different environments, upper limits to carbon sequestration, and increased nitrogen requirements are possible limitations to these practices. However, the opportunity for plant diversity to restore soil health and carbon storage is critical. With Canada’s commitments to its 2030 emissions reduction targets, increasing sustainable agricultural action may present an opportunity to reduce carbon dioxide emissions substantially while remedying issues of biodiversity and food insecurity.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134914425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A welcome from the SURG Editor-in-Chief 来自SURG总编辑的欢迎

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2017-04-09 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V9I2.4087

J. McCart

引用次数: 0

Income inequality and support for redistributive policies in Ontario: Who gets what, where, how, and who cares? 安大略省的收入不平等和对再分配政策的支持:谁得到什么，在哪里，如何得到，谁关心?

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2017-04-09 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3804

Tara Sutton

引用次数: 0

Lateral groundwater flow and pond interactions during dry and wet years 干湿年横向地下水流动与池塘相互作用

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2017-04-09 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3821

Andrew Wicke, Thair Patros, G. Parkin

{"title":"Lateral groundwater flow and pond interactions during dry and wet years","authors":"Andrew Wicke, Thair Patros, G. Parkin","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3821","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater and surface water are tightly coupled elements of the hydrologic cycle that have often been treated as separate entities. Future climate change modelling has predicted that hydrologic cycle changes, namely increasing drought frequency and flood-type events, are likely to occur. These events may directly impact the quality and quantity of both groundwater and surface water. Future water management policies must therefore be based on an understanding of how interactions between groundwater and surface water will change with a warming climate. The aim of this study was to model and analyze the lateral flow of groundwater and its interactions with a nearby pond in a shallow, unconsolidated, unconfined aquifer. Data were collected as part of a larger and ongoing study during the year 2012, a comparatively dry year, and 2013, a comparatively wet year. We first used ArcGIS and Visual MODFLOW Flex to create a conceptual model of the system, its soil layers, monitoring wells, and potential flow patterns. We then analyzed hydraulic head data, and calculated groundwater flow volumes using the Dupuit equation. We found that the groundwater flow direction reversed in the summer of 2012 and continued until the spring of 2013. Additonally, flow rate was greater in 2013 than 2012. The flow reversal was likely caused by higher evaporative demand during the summer months of 2012, drawing substantially more water from the pond than from the soil. The two-year timeframe was not long enough to determine whether this was a typical, yearly pattern, or was primarily due to the fact that 2012 was a particularly dry year.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132670909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research highlights from the Ontario Veterinary College’s Career Opportunities and Research Experience (CORE) Program 安大略省兽医学院的职业机会和研究经验(CORE)计划的研究重点

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2017-04-09 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3924

Celeste Noble, E. Silk, A. Jairaj, J. Morrison, Xiao Shen, Pauline Zhang, Amanda Jowett, Claire Segeren

引用次数: 0

Mac at war: Women’s work and education at the Macdonald Institute during the First and Second World Wars 战争中的麦克唐纳:第一次和第二次世界大战期间麦克唐纳学院妇女的工作和教育

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2017-04-09 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3818

Tasha A. Falconer

{"title":"Mac at war: Women’s work and education at the Macdonald Institute during the First and Second World Wars","authors":"Tasha A. Falconer","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3818","url":null,"abstract":"In 1903, the Macdonald Institute opened in Guelph with the stated aim of training rural women in home economics and domestic science. Part of the Ontario Agriculture College (OAC), the school progressed quickly and soon became an invaluable resource for both Canadian and international women. Over the years, the “Mac girls” made their mark on the world, including during the two World Wars. Under the leadership of directors Mary Watson during the First World War, and Olive Cruikshank during part of the Second World War, the Macdonald Institute supported the war effort in several ways. These included adapting curricula to the exigencies of wartime, and sending material overseas. The Macdonald Institute initially remained open during the Second World War, yet in 1941, standard classes ceased for five years as the Royal Canadian Air Force’s (RCAF) No. 4 Wireless School took control of the Institute’s buildings and property. Throughout this period of closure, women arrived to live and attend classes at the Wireless School as part of the RCAF’s Women’s Division and School of Cookery. Throughout the two World Wars, women associated with the Macdonald Institute and the No. 4 Wireless School, including students, graduates, instructors, and members of the Women’s Division, variously involved themselves with the war effort. The activities of the Macdonald Institute, and of the No. 4 Wireless School, afford an opportunity to examine how women’s work and education was viewed, deployed, and reallocated throughout the two World Wars.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial replacement therapy and the “three parent baby” 线粒体替代疗法与“三亲宝宝”

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2017-04-09 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3800

S. Tai

引用次数: 2

The impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on plant species richness in the freshwater lakes of Algonquin Provincial Park 人为干扰对阿尔冈昆省立公园淡水湖植物物种丰富度的影响

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2017-04-09 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3151

A. Helmers, A. Platek, M. Ponte, Natalie Secen, K. Cottenie

{"title":"The impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on plant species richness in the freshwater lakes of Algonquin Provincial Park","authors":"A. Helmers, A. Platek, M. Ponte, Natalie Secen, K. Cottenie","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V9I1.3151","url":null,"abstract":"This study quantified the impact of human activity on aquatic and shoreline plant species richness. We hypothesized that human activity at the shoreline would negatively impact plant species richness and that the extent of the impact would depend on the intensity of human activity. To test this, we sampled 11 lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park, of which five permitted motorboat access, and five permitted canoe access and prohibited motorboat access. The remaining lake, which had no designated access point for boats and was only accessible to researchers, acted as a control. To assess the impact of anthropogenic disturbance at each lake, we measured plant species richness in three 10 m by 2 m plots: a first plot at the access point, assumed to be the site of highest disturbance; a second at the site of intermediate disturbance, 30 m down shore from the access point; and a third at the site of lowest disturbance, 60 m down shore from the access point. We found a significant negative relationship between the level of disturbance and plant species richness, both in the motorboat-accessible and canoe access-only lakes. The control lake exhibited no correlation between disturbance level and plant species richness. However, there was no significant difference between motorboat-accessible and canoe access-only lakes in the relationship between disturbance level and plant species richness. Overall, this study highlights the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance on freshwater aquatic and shoreline plant communities, and provides a framework for future management and rehabilitation strategies.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126339847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Welcome from the SURG editor-in-chief 欢迎来自SURG总编辑

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.21083/surg.v8i2.3723

Ellen Song

引用次数: 0

The reduction of directed attention fatigue through exposure to visual nature stimuli: Exploring a natural therapy for fatigue 通过暴露于视觉自然刺激减少定向注意疲劳:探索疲劳的自然疗法

Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph Pub Date : 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3057

M. Varkovetski

{"title":"The reduction of directed attention fatigue through exposure to visual nature stimuli: Exploring a natural therapy for fatigue","authors":"M. Varkovetski","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V8I2.3057","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the restorative effects on directed attention functioning following exposure to natural landscape images versus scrambled/distorted landscape images. Attention restoration theory (ART) provides an analysis of the stimuli and environment required for restoration of cognitive fatigue. According to ART, nature employs attention through a bottom-up process in which intrinsically fascinating stimuli from the natural environment itself modestly dominate attention. This allows the mechanisms responsible for top-down processing, which is necessary for directed attention, to recover and replenish. Unlike natural environments, urban environments employ attention through bottom-up stimulation, which forces one to overcome the stimulation using directed attention, thus not allowing for the recovery of directed attention mechanisms. This study looks into whether solely visual stimulation of natural environments is adequate for the restoration of directed attention mechanisms as measured with the “Attention Test” application. The mean completion time on the Attention Test game was significantly lower in the nature image group (M = 54.33) when compared to the scrambled image group (M = 62.04), thus validating the visual aspect of ART.","PeriodicalId":413751,"journal":{"name":"Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128327588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0