ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference最新文献

{"title":"Electrical reliability analysis for transit applications","authors":"R. Eacker, M. Bardsley","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000098","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining a safe and secure environment for transit patrons has never been more important. People who feel confident in the transit environment will use a transit system. If they don't, they won't. Personal safety and security is especially important in locations where people naturally tend to feel ill-at-ease such as deep, underground stations. Sound Transit is undertaking the construction of its first major phase of 'Link' light rail. Due to the challenging topography in Seattle, lines from downtown that will head north and east through the most densely-populated areas of the city will likely be running underground at depths from 100 to 600 feet below the surface with stations from 80 to 250 feet deep. Consequently, security and reliability of the electrical power supply system are of paramount importance. Under conditions of utility power failure, continued operation of the Link trains and lights in the stations and tunnels is necessary to assure safety and security. What could be a nuisance for surface transit could become a major safety issue for a subterranean system. During preliminary engineering of the northern alignment, questions were posed as to the reliability of various power supply configurations being proposed. Concerns were expressed by the Link Safety and Security Office, Seattle Fire Department, and Seattle Police Department about the reliability of power for lights, traction electrification, emergency ventilation, and vertical transportation equipment. The depth of most stations precludes the use of escalators, so the primary means of vertical travel will be banks of high-speed elevators. Such equipment, along with the heavy traction power demand, limits the options available for backup power sources. Generators of reasonable size could be used for lighting and limited elevator operation, but their location in areas near the most congested neighborhoods in the city poses environmental problems. In order to objectively compare various schemes of providing backup power, the systems engineering team turned to the IEEE's Recommended Practice for Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Standard 493-1997). This paper presents the issues leading up to that analysis, the theoretical basis of the Standard, and the results.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"479 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122945970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air dryers in railway service history, performance and present status","authors":"J. R. Pier","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000091","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumatic systems in railway applications are vulnerable to water condensation as a result of the cooling of compressed air. This water tends to cause corrosion, degrade lubricants and freeze in cold weather, causing malfunction in brake systems and other pneumatic devices. Prevailing practice for the control of condensation until the early 70's consisted of cooling the compressed air followed by reduction in pressure to lower the relative humidity. These methods were less than perfect and frozen systems remained a major cause of train delays in cold climates and, in all climates, water continued to corrode devices and emulsify lubricants, increasing maintenance requirements. Regenerating desiccant type air dryers offered a solution. This paper deals with the history of air dryers in railway service, the technologies involved, and the broad significance to the industry.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129447085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light rail vehicles and running safety","authors":"J. Swanson","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000086","url":null,"abstract":"The basic standard US LRV structural designs are virtually unchanged from those adopted 25 years ago based on a modified European subway car. With only one exception, these have not been significantly updated for or adapted to the high levels of in-street running found more and more on new light rail systems or for increased passenger safety in general. Today in Europe, the overall structural design approach for LRVs is to absorb initial collision energy without any structural damage. To evaluate this approach, the four most common vehicle collision scenarios are first identified and quantified. Then European operational experience, particularly as regards accidents, is presented and analyzed. From these, one can see that further improvements to US rail vehicle design safety, especially to interior spaces, are both overdue and inevitable. Recent US LRV structural safety standard developments are considered and recommendations are proposed for incorporation into new light rail vehicle designs.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126621324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tri-met Portland light rail system experience with nuisance tripping of track-to-earth potential relay-a case study","authors":"T. Heilig, W. Stinger, R. S. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000106","url":null,"abstract":"Tri-Met has been operating a light rail transit (LRT) system in the Portland area for fifteen years without any significant traction power problems. However, early in 2001, Tri-Met suddenly began to experience multiple substation outages resulting from tripping of the traction power substation's (TPS's) rail-to-earth voltage relay, ANSI device 64V (abbreviated RE relay in this paper),, which in turn caused transfer tripping of adjacent substations and circuit breaker \"lockouts\". The cascading trips of many substations ultimately resulted in system. wide service interruptions, with many substations out of service for several hours or more while the substations were reset manually. Tri-Met reacted quickly to identify the probable cause of the problem-removal of lightning arresters on the signal system connected between the rail and earth allowed the RE relay to \"see\" ground faults on the Portland General Electric's (PGE's) 60 Hz distribution and transmission system for the first time. Tri-Met and Siemens Transportation Systems (STS) re-engineered the RE relay and transfer trip scheme, and put a permanent fix into place. As a result of these improvements, nuisance tripping of the RE relay has been reduced, system-wide TPS outages have been eliminated, and service continuity maintained without compromising public safety. Furthermore, technical specifications for future Traction Power Substation procurements have been improved to include more specific requirements for the RE relay.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133143564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining profile and alignment using an optical technique with extrapolations","authors":"G. Carr, C. Díaz, G. A. Martin","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000102","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of railway inspection, track alignment and profile are measured as the mid-chord offset (MCO) of a specified chord length at a known contact point on the rail. Generally, a 31-foot chord length is used. Due to developments of high speed rail standards, measuring longer wavelength MCOs, such as 62 and 124 feet are required. This is currently done using inertial means, however verification under static conditions using mechanical means is difficult. Currently the MCO is measured by stretching a string of the desired chord length between two points and manually measuring the offset from the center of the string to the rail. This is labor intensive, and the accuracy is limited, as external effects such as wind can make the string sway back and forth. While measuring a short chord length, and then extrapolating to the longer wavelengths can eliminate the sway problem, the extrapolation process magnifies any error in measurement. This paper presents the application of an optical technique, consisting of cameras and targets to measure a 31-foot mid-chord offset with very high precision, and the extrapolation technique used to obtain long chord measurements with a high degree of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearing defect detection using on-board accelerometer measurements","authors":"J. Donelson, R. Dicus","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000100","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration signatures of defective roller bearings on railroad freight cars were analyzed in an effort to develop an algorithm for detecting bearing defects. The effort is part of a project to develop an on-board condition monitoring system for freight trains. The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is sponsoring the project. The measurements were made at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO on July 26-29, 1999 during the Phase III Field Test of the Improved Wayside Freight Car Roller Bearing Inspection Research Program sponsored by FRA and the Association of American Railroads (AAR). Wheel sets with specific roller bearing defects were installed on a test train consisting of 8 freight cars designed to simulate revenue service. The consist also contained nondefective roller bearings. Accelerometers were installed on the inboard side of the bearing adapters to measure the vibration signatures during the test. Signatures of both defective and nondefective bearings were recorded. The data were recorded on Sony Digital Audio Tape (DAT) Recorders sampling at a rate of 48 K samples per second. We used both ordinary and envelope spectral analysis to analyze the data in an effort to detect features that could be related to known defects. The spectra of nondefective bearings show no remarkable features at bearing defect frequencies. In general, the ordinary spectra of defective bearings do not exhibit remarkable features at the bearing defect frequencies. In contrast, the envelope spectra of defective bearings contain a number of highly resolved spectral lines at these frequencies. In several cases the spectral lines could be related to specific bearing defects. Based on the analysis performed to date, the envelope spectrum technique provides a promising method for detecting defects in freight car roller bearings using an onboard condition monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"18 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116831100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating the impact of weather and climate on railway operations in the UK","authors":"J. Thornes, B. W. Davis","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000089","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of weather and climate on railway operations may be responsible for up to 20% of unplanned delays. In the UK very little research has been undertaken to assess these impacts and suggest mitigating strategies. This paper examines the range of weather and climate impacts, identifying sensitivities and thresholds and current weather forecasting techniques. It is proposed that lessons can be learned from the extensive developments in road weather forecasting pioneered in the UK. Initial results covering the measurement & prediction of overhead line icing, and the activation of wind gust alarms are presented.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122728343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote condition monitoring for railway point machine","authors":"F. Zhou, M. Duţă, M. P. Henry, S. Baker, C. Burton","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the research work carried out at Oxford University on condition monitoring of railway point machines. The developed condition monitoring system includes a variety of sensors for acquiring trackside data related to different parameters. Key events to be logged include time stamping of points operation, opening and closing of case cover associated with a points machine, insertion and removal of a hand-crank, loss of supply current and the passage of a train. The system also has built-in Web functions. This allows a remote operator using Internet Explorer to observe the condition of the point machine at any time, while the acquired data can be downloaded automatically for offline analysis, providing more detailed information on the health condition of the monitored point machine. A short daily condition report message can also be sent to relevant staff via email. Finally, experience is reported on the four trackside installed systems.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129512405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-life structural assessment of transit rail cars at WMATA","authors":"M. N. Taraszkiewicz","doi":"10.1115/RTD2002-1644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/RTD2002-1644","url":null,"abstract":"The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) contracted with Booz Allen Hamilton to conduct a nondestructive structural assessment of the 2000 and 3000 series rapid transit rail cars. The main goals of the assessment were to identify any significant changes that have occurred to key elements of the car body structure since their date of manufacture and to confirm that no significant and obvious structural deterioration or damage exists. The methodology behind selecting a small representative sample of cars is discussed as an introduction to this work. The paper then discusses the process by which several critical areas were selected for nondestructive inspection. One of the biggest challenges in successfully completing this project was not interfering with WMATA's fleet operating requirements. The use of WMATA facilities had to be coordinated to create minimum interference with WMATA's daily maintenance activities. Also, the inspection work had to be planned in such a way as to minimize the amount of vehicle component disassembly in order to return the vehicle to revenue service as soon as possible. The inspections produced valuable results regarding the construction and condition of these cars. The structural welds of the car appear to have performed satisfactorily through the operational life of the cars to date without any significant deterioration. Some corrosion was noted in the door opening areas of the cars, particularly at the door thresholds. The findings of this report are used to target specific areas of the car during the upcoming mid-life rehabilitation project.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131328016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer modeling techniques and analysis used in design of tunnel ventilation fan plants for the New York City Subway","authors":"D. Willemann, J. G. Sanchez","doi":"10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RRCON.2002.1000097","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses some of the computational modeling techniques and analysis carried out to design a tunnel ventilation fan plant for the New York City Subway in order to improve the safety level in the system. The decision making process is discussed. Illustrations showing results and analysis outcomes using the subway environment simulation (SES) computer program and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are presented.","PeriodicalId":413474,"journal":{"name":"ASME/IEEE Joint Railroad Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128202757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}