{"title":"Leptin Resistance as a Risk Marker of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Patients","authors":"S. Opalenyk, S. Patskun","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.130","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of leptin resistance on the formation of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. Materials and methods. We monitored 50 obese patients who consulted an endocrinologist and a gastroenterologist-nutritionist during 2021-2022. The diagnosis of obesity was made on the basis of bioimpedance examination, as well as by calculating the body mass index. Results and discussion. The article describes and analyzes the level of leptin and leptin resistance as a marker of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. To establish the diagnosis of obesity, all patients underwent a bioimpedance examination, and the body mass index was also calculated. Obesity was diagnosed when the body fat content of women was more than 40%, men – more than 28%, and body mass index – more than 30 kg/m2. To identify the syndrome of insulin resistance, the index of insulin resistance was calculated according to the formula: HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (μIU/ml) x fasting glucose (mmol/l) / 22.5. Values exceeding 2.0 were considered insulin resistance. Leptin resistance was diagnosed by determining the presence of the leptin receptor gene and leptin level in blood serum. Leptin resistance was considered to be values of leptin indicators for men more than 5.6 ng/ml, for women – more than 11.1 ng/ml. The level of leptin in blood serum in the group of healthy individuals was within the range of 6.36 ± 2.09 ng/ml in women and 2.96 ± 1.84 ng/ml in men. On the other hand, in obese patients, the serum leptin concentration was 51.49 ± 8.33 ng/ml and 29.71 ± 6.93 ng/ml, respectively. Also, according to the results of the study, a significantly higher level of insulin resistance was observed in all obese patients compared to the control group. These values were at the level of 6.64 ± 2.81 and 7.11 ± 3.52, respectively. Analyzing the results of the study, a reliable relationship between the level of leptin and the severity of obesity was found in all patients. A clear relationship between leptin level and the degree of insulin resistance was also determined. A correlation between the level of leptin and HOMA-IR (r=0.70333; p=0.052) was established, as well as a correlation between fat content, body mass index, leptin level and HOMA-IR (r=0.86187, р=0.0086; r=0.93595, р=0.009; r=0.78098, р=0.007). The detected changes indicate a possible role of leptin and leptin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and indicate that the level of leptin can be used as a predictor of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. Conclusion. An increase in leptin level in blood serum is observed in obese patients. The level of leptin affects the degree of insulin resistance and can be an additional marker of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical and Social Substantiation of the Financial and Economic State of the Kolomyia District Center of Primary Health Care before and after the Implementation of the Hospital District","authors":"M. Stovban, O. Tolstanov","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.144","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the problems of medical care of the population of Ukraine caused by the 2019 pandemic and the war of 2022, which requires prompt, timely and high-quality management of the health care system. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the indicators of the financial condition of the Kolomyia Regional Medical Center after the introduction of the hospital district. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were performed in the course of the study: the peculiarities of the formation of hospital districts and the reorganization of the health care system at the local level were shown, the financial condition of the Kolomyia Regional Medical Center was investigated, and the changes before and after the introduction of the hospital district in the main indicators were shown. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, methods of economic analysis were used, in particular, the method of horizontal and vertical analysis, R-indicators. The method of observation and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis were also used. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the Kolomyia Regional Medical Center is characterized by an unstable financial condition with worsening indicators after the introduction of the hospital district. Improvement of the material and technical base and increase in staff wages are positive factors of the impact of the reforms. The practical significance of the study is due to the definition of the problems of implementing the reform in the health care system and the possibility of adjusting the strategy of development of medical institutions of territorial communities. Conclusion. The introduction of hospital districts became one of the elements of the medical reform, which allows optimizing state and local financial resources in order to use them effectively without threats or risks to the population. Such a reform was carried out in 2017, as a result of which a medical cluster was created in the Kolomyia United Territorial Community. Such a cluster made it possible to optimize the work of medical institutions. According to the results of the analysis of the financial condition of the Kolomyia Regional Medical Center before and after the introduction of the hospital district, it can be concluded that, taking into account the unchanged budget costs for financing the Kolomyia Hospital, its financial condition has changed significantly. In particular, indicators of financial condition, liquidity, turnover and profitability have deteriorated. At the same time, due to the use of ineffective means of optimization, in particular, the reduction of personnel, there was an increase in wages, as well as the release of additional funds for equipment and technical support of the medical institution. Of course, the formation of a hospital district did not solve the problems of medicine, and to some extent even aggravated them, since in general, medical institutions faced ","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130722349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the Nutrition Regimen and Diet of Students of 10-16 Years Old in General Secondary Education Institutions","authors":"H. Latina, H. Zaikina","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.272","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to assess the regimen and diet of students aged 10-16 years of general secondary education institutions. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted with a specially designed questionnaire «Questionnaire for assessing the nutritional status of schoolchildren». The study was conducted among 453 teenagers aged 10-16 years of two institutions of general secondary education in the city of Sumy, Ukraine in 2021. The teenagers' parents gave informed consent to the study. The obtained data were subject to mathematical and statistical processing using the «STATISTICA 6.0» application. Results and discussion. The main basis for strengthening the health of young students is the creation of a health-saving educational environment. It should influence the formation of food choices in children and adolescents. A reasonable choice of food products is fixed in the food habit. Eating habits shape the health of the adult population in the future. As a result of the analysis of the results of the study, a satisfactory diet was established in 74.71% of students with a frequency of meals 3-5 times a day. “Snacks” with easily digestible carbohydrate dishes (48.12%) and “junk food” (8.36%) violate the diet. The students’ diet is unbalanced due to low consumption of dairy products and increased consumption of sugar (64.60%), as well as eating fast food (24.13%). The obtained results provide grounds for a detailed consideration of the diet of food products mainly consumed by schoolchildren: 70.8% daily consume meat and fish dishes; 50.34% consume potato dishes 2-3 times a day; 39.54% eat pasta and spaghetti 2-3 times a week; 39.31% 2-3 times a week consume cereals in the form of buckwheat, rice, millet; 36.71% consume hard or soft cottage cheese; 56.55% drink milk, however, not every day; 82.99% consume fruit or juice every day. The sources of students' knowledge about the rules of healthy eating (schools – 25.95%, parents – 24.55%) and obstacles to the observance of the rules of healthy eating (laziness – 20.54%, lack of free time – 13.39%) were identified. Conclusion. A comparative analysis of the studies conducted with the data of modern studies of the regimen, diet, awareness and sources of knowledge about healthy nutrition among students of general educational institutions indicates the need to continue searching for ways to improve the effectiveness of nutrition education programs in the context of modern trends. Prospects for further research are to assess the regimen and diet of students aged 10-16 years depending on their nutritional status and to develop measures to optimize health-saving technologies in the direction of teaching balanced nutrition in educational institutions","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of Diuretics in Medicine and Sports and the Monitoring of Their Consumption in Ukraine","authors":"O. Tkachova, Ya. O. Butko, O. Gerasymova","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.152","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to study the range and volume of consumption of diuretics on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2019-2021. Materials and methods. Indications for the use of diuretics in medicine and sports, as well as the results of monitoring their consumption on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in the period from 2019 to 2021 are given in the article. The analysis of the range of diuretic drugs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine was carried out according to the information and search system “Pharmstandard” of the “Morion” company. Monitoring of the volume and structure of drug consumption was carried out using the ATС/DDD methodology. Results and discussion. The results of the research showed that diuretic drugs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine were represented by four pharmacological subgroups of drugs: thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, herbal drugs, loop and potassium-sparing diuretics. The number of available International Non-Proprietary Names for 2019-2021 was 11, and trade names – from 110 to 116. The correlation between foreign and domestic manufacturers was: 42-51% and 49-58%, respectively. Torasemide took the first place among the leaders on the market of Ukraine in terms of the number of trade names – from 38 to 39 trade names, because it is more effective, with a pharmacological effect that exceeds furosemide by 2-8 times. Preparations of plant origin took the second place – from 21 to 23 trade names. Indapamide was in the third place – 14 trade names. The total consumption of diuretics for 2019-2021 was 15.83 DIDs in 2019, 15.98 DIDs in 2020 and 16.36 DIDs in 2021. Conclusion. The results of the monitoring showed that the leaders in terms of consumption on the market of Ukraine were the loop diuretic furosemide (4.79-5.24 DIDs) and the potassium-sparing diuretic spironolactone (3.07-3.60 DIDs). In our opinion, the high levels of consumption of these diuretics are due to such a criterion as availability, as well as their presence in the list of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which are included in the Government program “Affordable Drugs” and are reimbursed at the expense of the state (partially at the expense of patients). In the future, in this direction, it is planned to investigate the safety of the use of diuretic drugs, both in patients and in athletes. It will also be necessary to monitor the adverse reactions of these drugs in order to identify serious adverse reactions that may threaten human life and to develop measures to prevent the development of undesirable consequences","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122062808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis – Peculiarities of Diagnostics","authors":"V. Zhdan, I. V. Ivanytskyi, Yu. A. Ishcheykina","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.096","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the development of osteoporotic bone changes in patients with fibrotic changes of the pancreas against the background of chronic pancreatitis. Materials and methods. 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis were examined. 30 examined were women, 25 were men. The average age of the patients was 47.3±3.5 years. To be included in the study, all patients were excluded from the presence of concomitant diseases. For female patients, preservation of menstrual function was a mandatory condition for inclusion in the study. The degree of fibrotic changes of the pancreas was established on the basis of conducting 2D shear wave elastometry with transcutaneous access by the shear wave method in the SWE mode. Determination of bone mineral density was carried out using a DEXXUM T X-ray densitometer by the method of dual-energy absorptiometry. Results and discussion. The severity of fibrotic changes in the pancreatic parenchyma also affected the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Among patients with parenchyma density indicators corresponding to grade 3-4 of fibrotic changes, a decrease in bone mineral density was observed in 83% of examined patients, while among patients with grade 1-2 of such changes, osteoporosis and osteopenia were found in 34% (p = 0.003). In patients with fibrotic changes in the parenchyma of the pancreas, osteoporotic changes in the area of the lumbar vertebrae were noted in 55% of cases with reduced bone mineral density, an isolated decrease in the mineral density of the lumbar spine was diagnosed in 11 patients (28.2% of patients with a decrease in bone mineral density), 5 patients (12.8%) had a combination of a decrease in the mineral density of the spine with a decrease in the mineral density of the hip, the average T criterion of the vertebrae was -2.4±0.5, the average T criterion of the femoral neck was -2.6±0.36. In patients with fibrosis of the parenchyma of the pancreas of 1-2 stages bone mineral density decreased mainly to the level of osteopenia, with a combination of osteopenic changes in the lumbar spine and a decrease in hip mineral density. The average T criterion of vertebrae was -1.6±0.15, femoral neck -1.76±0.18 Conclusion. Patients with chronic pancreatitis are characterized by a high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Patients with stages 3-4 of pancreatic fibrosis have a greater risk of developing this complication. The reduction of bone mineral density in patients with chronic pancreatitis is influenced not only by population risk factors, but also by the duration of pancreatitis. The severity of fibrotic changes in the pancreas affects the localization of changes in bone tissue","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124451617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical and Statistical Assessment of the Psycho-Emotional Status of Adolescents at the Dental Office","authors":"O. Klitynska, N. V. Layosh","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.175","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to assess the level of personal and reactive anxiety in teenagers of the Transcarpathian region during a dental appointment and establish the correlational dependence of parameters. Materials and methods. An assessment of psycho-emotional state and dental status of 384 adolescents aged 12-18 years who were patients of the “University Dental Polyclinic” was carried out. The patient's appeal was both urgent and for the purpose of rehabilitation, planned. Depending on the level of personal anxiety, patients were divided into clinical groups to determine the prevalence, intensity and activity of caries. The first group included 244 teenagers (175 girls and 69 boys) who were diagnosed with a high level of personal anxiety. The second group consisted of 105 adolescents (48 girls and 57 boys) in whom basic anxiety was moderate, the third group consisted of 35 adolescents with low anxiety (10 girls and 25 boys). The level of reactive and personal anxiety was assessed according to the methodology of Ch. D. Spielberger (adapted by Yu. L. Khanin). Indicators of the prevalence, intensity and activity of caries (CPV index) were determined in the examined subjects according to generally accepted methods. Results and discussion. The level of reactive and personal anxiety is determined to be high in both boys and girls, and reactive anxiety caused by visiting the dentist reaches the maximum percentage indicators in both groups and has a significantly higher percentage than personal anxiety. Significant differences in caries activity indicators of the first and second groups and the first and third groups were established, in particular, significantly lower indicators of absent and compensated caries (p <0.05) and significantly higher indicators of subcompensated and decompensated caries (p <0.05). The indicators of decompensated caries differed significantly between the indicators of the second and third groups (25.8%; 14.3%; p <0.05). Conclusion. High personal anxiety is a factor in the formation and progression of carious lesions of hard tissues in adolescents, a direct relationship between the level of personal anxiety and the course of caries in adolescents has been established, with an increase in personal anxiety, the percentage of decompensated caries increases. That is, high personal anxiety is a factor in the progression of dental caries in teenagers","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125982325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Oral Fluid during High Intensity Physical Exercises","authors":"V. V. Bevzo","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.263","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to study changes in the mineral composition, lactate content and pH of oral fluid under the influence of high-intensity physical exertion on the body of students with different physical training. Materials and methods. 28 students who were divided into 2 groups, depending on the level of physical training, took part in the study. Group 1 – students who attended only physical education classes. Group 2 – students who, in addition to academic classes, attended sports sections 3-4 times a week. Study participants were tested on a treadmill, performing high-intensity physical activity for 30 minutes. The research was conducted for 7 days. Saliva was taken at rest, in the morning on an empty stomach, and immediately after the end of the exercise test. The study of the content of inorganic phosphorus and total calcium was carried out using a ready-made set of chemical reagents, the pH of the oral fluid was determined using a laboratory pH meter. Lactate content was determined colorimetrically according to the Buchner method. Results and discussion. Under the conditions of intense physical exertion, in the oral fluid of students with a low level of physical training, a probable increase in the content of lactate, a decrease in the pH level and indicators of mineralization of hard tissues of the tooth, such as total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, were observed, which may indirectly indicate a violation of enamel mineralization processes and lead to the development of dental pathologies. In the oral fluid of students with a high level of physical training, only a tendency to a decrease in indicators of mineral metabolism and pH was noted against the background of a probable increase in lactate after intense exercise compared to a state of rest. Such changes may be related to the body's adaptation to intense physical exertion after several years of training. So, the proposed complex of biochemical research of oral fluid in students during constant intense physical activity made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of metabolic changes in oral fluid, which is important for more accurate diagnosis of dental diseases and the development of individual dental caries prevention programs. Conclusion. High-intensity physical exertion leads to slight fluctuations in the lactate content, pH indicator, and mineral composition in the oral fluid of students. The established changes depend entirely on the level of physical training of students and tolerance of physical load, and also reflect the adaptation capabilities of the body to physiological stress","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129494876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peculiarities of the Influence of Loads with the Use of Exercises on Simulators and with Free Weight Load on the Development of Maximum Muscle Strength in Bodybuilders","authors":"Jie Zhao, V. G. Oleshko","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.348","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to study the peculiarities of changes in the indicators of the development of maximum muscle strength in bodybuilders under the conditions of using a complex of exercises on simulators and with free weight load against the background of load modes of different intensity. Materials and methods. 64 bodybuilders aged 20 ± 1.2 years participated in the study. To solve the set purpose, 4 research groups were formed. The duration of the pedagogical experiment was 12 weeks. During the pedagogical experiment, the representatives of the surveyed groups used a set of exercises with free weight load and on simulators against the background of load modes of different intensity. The dynamics of the maximum muscle strength indicators (on the example of the deltoid, biceps and triceps muscles of the shoulder) of athletes in the given conditions of muscle activity was determined in the process of control testing. Results and discussion. It was established that in the course of 12 weeks, in the athletes of groups 1 and 3, who used sets of exercises with free weight load, an increase in strength capabilities under the conditions of moderate intensity loads by 14.8% and 18.7% during high intensity power loads compared to initial data, was observed. It was revealed that among the representatives of groups 2 and 4, who in the course of the pedagogical experiment used a set of exercises on simulators during training, the indicators of the development of the maximum muscle strength of the controlled muscle groups on average show an increase in parameters by 16.5% against the background of the loads of the average intensity (Ra=0.58) and 20.7% – of high intensity loads (Ra=0.71) compared to the results fixed at the beginning of the study. It was investigated that even under the conditions of using a set of exercises with free weight load, but during the mode of high intensity loads, the development of maximum muscle strength of athletes is 2.2% higher, compared to the results recorded during moderate intensity loads on simulators for the same period of time. Conclusion. The use of predominantly strength exercises on simulators in the process of training activities in bodybuilding, especially in conditions of high intensity loads (Ra=0.71) against the background of a small amount of work, contributes to the greatest development of the maximum muscle strength of athletes, compared to the data revealed during control testing of the studied indicators in exercises with free weight load, regardless of the load modes","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. F. Deineha, O. Tykhonova, Y. Tarasenko, G. O. Akzhytova
{"title":"The Most Frequent Eponyms in the Study of the Human Nervous System Anatomy","authors":"T. F. Deineha, O. Tykhonova, Y. Tarasenko, G. O. Akzhytova","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.247","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to investigate the phenomenon of eponyms derived from scientists’ names through bibliographic analysis of literature. Materials and methods. The following research methods were used: dialectical, historical and chronological, bibliographic and descriptive, analytical. Results and discussion. It would be difficult to name the field of medicine in which there would be no eponyms. Most eponyms are still used in medicine. An eponym (Greek: ἐπώνῠμος, lit. \"the one who gave the name\") is an outstanding person or hero after whom an object was named. In science, an eponym is a natural linguistic compound of a scientist and his/her discovery in scientific and historical context. In anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology eponyms have been constantly used for a long time. Knowing them is essential for a certified doctor, teacher and scientist from a professional point of view. The use of eponyms contributes to professional development and raises the intellectual level of a medical worker. In anatomy, eponyms are increasingly found in various publications and textbooks on clinical anatomy. They are used in foreign publications and textbooks as well as in clinical practice. This article contains eponyms related to the human nervous system anatomy. The reason is that during practical classes and exams, many students face difficulties in learning and memorizing terms that are found in the literature. Ammon's horn is a part of the hippocampus that forms a longitudinal bulge on the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. Bekhterev's nucleus is the superior cerebellar nucleus, which is located in the lateral corner of the fossa rhomboid; its neurons switch the fibers of the anterior part of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Betz cell is a large pyramidal neuron of the inner pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex, the axons of which form the main part of the corticospinal (pyramidal) pathways. Sylvian aqueduct, aquaeductus cerebri, is a narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles and containing cerebrospinal fluid. Flechsig’s tract is the posterior spinocerebellar tract (tractus spinocerebellaris posterior), which runs in the posterior part of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Forel decussation is the ventral intersection of the fibers of the rubrospinal pathway in the lining of the midbrain (decussatio tegmentalis encephali ventralis). Meynert's decussation is dorsal intersection of the tegmentum in the midbrain. Schwalbe's nucleus is medial median nucleus (nucleus vestibularis medialis) of the VIII pair of cranial nerves. Conclusion. Thus, the study of eponyms allows us to preserve the names of scientists who have made a significant contribution to science. Furthermore, eponyms simplify memorizing of the material when studying the human nervous system anatomy and enriches our knowledge of medical science history","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Y. Dzis, Z. Korytko, O. Tomashevska, Ye. I. Dzis
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Physical Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia","authors":"O. Y. Dzis, Z. Korytko, O. Tomashevska, Ye. I. Dzis","doi":"10.26693/jmbs07.05.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.05.204","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of persons who have suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia, in terms of its effect on health-related quality of life and functional status of patients. Materials and methods. Using the questionnaire, an anonymous survey of 68 people who suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia was conducted: 27 men and 41 women aged 18-90 years (median – 58 years). To determine the effectiveness of physical therapy, we used the assessment of quality of life on a 100-point percentage scale and the level of functioning on the scale of Post-COVID-19 Functional Status. Results and discussion. Among the examined persons, physical therapy was carried out only in 37 cases (54%). Two groups of patients were formed: group 1 (37 people) – with the use of physical therapy, group 2 (31 people) – without the use. Physical therapy methods were positioning, breathing exercises, aerobic exercises for different muscle groups, walking, and swimming. In group 1, 23 people out of 35 (66%) followed prone positioning, while in group 2 – only 4 people out of 21 (19%) (p=0.001). The vast majority of patients in group 1, 31 out of 34 (91%), were engaged in physical therapy on one's own (participation of rehabilitators was only in 2 cases, 6%), and they mainly used Internet resources to study the physical therapy techniques (18 out of 29, 62%). According to the quality of life before the onset of the disease, groups 1 and 2 did not differ from each other (respectively, 80.7 ± 13.3% vs 82.6 ± 11.5%, p >0.05). After the acute period of the disease, the quality of life decreased more prominent in people of group 1 and was 58.1 ± 17.0% against 66.8 ± 15.4% in group 2 (p=0.026). After recovery, the quality of life of patients of group 1 significantly increased in relation to the state after the acute period compared to group 2, namely by 15.9 ± 11.5% vs 9.7 ± 8.9%, respectively (p=0.019). In patients who started physical therapy in the acute phase of the disease (9 out of 25, 36%), compared to those who started physical therapy only in the post-acute phase (16 people, 64%), there was a significantly less pronounced decrease in the quality of life after the acute phase compared with the condition before the onset of the disease (respectively, by 11.1 ± 7.8% vs 30.0 ± 14.1%, p=0.002). In general, 28 patients out of 30 people (93%) of group 1 indicated the effectiveness of the rehabilitation, most often a good effect (21 people, 70%). Level of functioning on the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale significantly improved compared to the state before the start of rehabilitation (respectively, 0.83 ± 1.07 vs 1.9 ± 3.0, p=0.008). However, the quality of life after recovery in group 1 did not reach the level that was before the disease (respectively, 74.1 ± 13.0% vs 80.7 ± 13.3%, p=0.001), which was also observed in group 2. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate efficiency of the use of physical therapy fo","PeriodicalId":413454,"journal":{"name":"Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131704573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}