South of Russia-Ecology Development最新文献

{"title":"Genetic variability of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Krasnodar Territory, Russia","authors":"E. N. Besedinа, V. I. Kil","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-3-28-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-3-28-38","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Study of the genetic variability of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. depending on geographical location and trophic specialization.Material and Methods. The object of the study was insect samples (n=60) from the natural population of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. (Tingidae: Heteroptera) in the Krasnodar Territory: in Krasnodar, Kropotkin and Novorossiysk. The collection of S. pyri bugs was carried out on model trees of domestic apple (Malus domestica Borkh) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Molecular genetic analysis was carried out in several stages: sample preparation, DNA extraction, and diagnostics based on RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA)‐PCR (DNA amplification).Results. With the help of molecular genetic markers, the genetic variability of the pear lace bug in the Krasnodar Territory was studied. The indicators of genetic differentiation between geographic (Gst=0.209) and trophic (Gst=0.049–0.302) intrapopulation groups of S. pyri were calculated. The levels of variability were determined within geographic (79.1 %) and trophic groups (70.0–95.1 %), as well as between them – 20.9 % and 4.9–30 %, respectively. The influence of the food factor on the genetic diversity and differentiation of insect populations is shown through the example of the Kropotkin trophic group of bugs that prefer the sour cherry P. cerasus as the main food plant.Conclusion. A small effect of isolation by distance was noted, which was characterized by a weak dependence of geographical and genetic distances between the population groups of the pear lace bug. The influence of the nutritional factor on the genetic variability of phytophages populations has been established, as is confirmed by other researchers.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replenishment of the species composition of the bioresource collection of Entomoacariphages","authors":"T. N. Ignatieva, E. V. Kashutina, L. N. Bugaeva, E. V. Khetagurova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-3-39-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-3-39-49","url":null,"abstract":"Aim . Formation of the species composition of the bioresource collection \"State Collection of Entomoacariphages and Microorganisms\" of the Lazarev Experimental Plant Protection Station – a branch of Federal Scientific Centre for Biological Plant Protection. The collection is based on species identified in local biocenoses as well as those introduced from regions with similar climatic conditions. Material and Methods . Collection and study of the effectiveness of native, invasive, introduced entomophages, the dynamics of their acclimatization and the possibility of their introduction into laboratory culture on the territory of the Black Sea coast of Sochi. Methods of their application in plant protection systems were tested. Results . The ability of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. to control the number of coccids, including Icerya purchase Maskell, has been experimentally established. Entomophages which are effective and adaptable to reproduction in laboratory conditions were selected: Dicyphus errans Wolff. and Macrolophus nubilis H.S., the aphidophage Harmonia axyridis Pall. and others. Conclusion . As a result of the study, wide polyphages of Dicyphus errans Wolff were found to be presented in the collection of the Lazarev Experimental Plant Protection Station, as well as and Macrolophus nubilis H.S., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls., Leis dimidiata Fabr., Harmonia axyridis Pall., Encarsia partenopea Masi and Lysiphlebus fabarum Marsh. Acariphages are represented by Phytoseiulus persimilis Ath.‐Henr. and Amblyseius cucumeris Ond. The biological efficacy of Encarsia partenopea Masi has been evaluated in relation to Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. in the conditions of the protected ground of Sochi at the parasite ratio:host of 1:30; 68.6%, the best result being obtained with releases of 1:10; 79.19%. Research has begun on the development of methods for the laboratory breeding of Chilocorus renipustulatus.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"24 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain on meadow‐chestnut soil","authors":"S. A. Teymurov, M. Kaziev, A. A. Bagomaev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-152-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-152-160","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The study of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain on meadow‐chestnut soil.Methods. Analyses of soil samples were carried out using generally accepted standard techniques. Assessment of the biological yield of grain and its structure was carried out according to the \"Methodology of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops\". Tillage for winter crops after stubble predecessors was carried out according to the irrigation halfsteam system.Results. With an increase in the hydrothermal coefficient, a more elastic gluten is formed. Studies have shown that as the dose of nitrogen fertilizing increases, the indicators of the sowing qualities of seeds and the baking qualities of winter wheat grain of the Grom variety improve. In the best variant N90P90, the following indicators were obtained: seed germination energy – 99%, germination – 100%, weight of 1000 grains – 34.7 g, protein content – 14.8%, gluten 27.4%, which represent respectively 4%; 4%; 3.9 g; 1.3% and 6.1% more than in the control variant without the use of mineral fertilizers and higher than in the variants N30P90 and N60P90.Conclusion. The research area determines the use of the high‐intensity Thunder variety, which helps to stabilise productivity and improve product quality. The use of nitrogen top dressing (N30, N60 and N90) against the background of P90 increases the yield of winter wheat grain from 6.25 to 7.90 t / ha and improves the main indicators of baking qualities of grain: protein – 14.3–14.8% and gluten – 22.1–27.4%, the best option with nitrogen top dressing being a dose of N90 (N30 in autumn + N60 in spring).","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77019585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of various methods of protection of the winter wheat variety Svarog against the development of fungal diseases","authors":"M. Gvozdeva, G. Volkova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-140-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-140-151","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the influence of various methods of protecting winter wheat of the Svarog variety against the development of fungal diseases in the conditions of the central zone of Krasnodar Territory.Material and Methods. The studies were carried out in 2018–2021 on winter wheat of the Svarog variety in the conditions of the field station of the FRCBPP. The climate of the 2018–2019 and 2020–2021 growing seasons was favourable for plant growth and development of phytopathogens. The 2019–2020 season was characterised by a lack of moisture and spring frosts. The experiment provided for three methods of protection – biological, integrated and chemical. A control (without processing) was also provided.Results. The effectiveness of the biological protection system against Fusarium root rot was 33.9%, against leaf septoria 52.2% and against yellow spot 43.5%. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system against these diseases was 54.7%, 72.5% and 52.2%, respectively, while effectiveness of chemical protection was 54.9%, 82.6% and 63.5%, respectively. The increase in grain yield compared to the control (i.e. without treatment) was: when using a biological protection system 9.3%; integrated; 11.6%; and chemical 16.5%. The level of profitability at the same time amounted to 117.9%, 107.3% and 101.0%, respectively.Conclusion. The use of biological protection of winter wheat variety Svarog is effective and can be recommended for production practice in order to reduce the pesticide load on the agrocenosis.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83464627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of farmlands of Stavropol Territory, Russia, during the period of active vegetation in 2020 based on medium spatial resolution images","authors":"S. Savinova, V. Bratkov, I. D. Murashova, P. Klyushin, N. O. Guseynova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-82-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-82-91","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Assess changes in the NDVI of agricultural land in Stavropol Territory under the influence of weather and climate conditions.Methods. Based on earth remote sensing data, the spectral/vegetation index NDVI was calculated. We used data from the Meteor‐M satellite with a spatial resolution of 60 m for the active vegetation period of 2020 (May to September), which made it possible to calculate the NDVI value at different times of the active vegetation period of the main types of agricultural land in the Stavropol Territory. To explain the spatial and temporal variability of NDVI, an analysis of the conditions of heat and moisture supply was carried out using Walter's climatograms at weather stations located in the steppe and semi‐desert landscapes of Stavropol Territory.Results. In 2020, the period of active vegetation in the steppe and semidesert landscapes of Stavropol Territory began in the first ten days of April, when the air temperature rose above +10°С, and ended in mid‐October. In accordance with the change in heat and moisture supply, the NDVI value changed: in general, maximum values were observed in spring and early summer and, as aridity increased, the areas corresponding to low NDVI values increased everywhere. In the steppe zone, where the main crops of winter wheat are located, the NDVI value decreased from 0.45–0.3 at the beginning of the active vegetation period to 0.15 at the end. NDVI values of 0.15–0.30, corresponding to different types of herbaceous vegetation, prevailed at the end of the active vegetation period.Conclusion. The spatial and temporal distribution of the NDVI value over the territory of the Stavropol Territory reflects, first of all, changes in the conditions of heat and moisture supply. The timing of the course of the phenological phases of natural and cultivated vegetation depends on the latter. 2020 was characterized by sufficient moisture at the beginning of active vegetation, as reflected in the high density of seedlings, and, accordingly, a large area of NDVI, corresponding not only to herbaceous, but also to shrubby vegetation within the steppe landscapes. The increase in moisture deficit and harvesting in the second half and end of summer leveled the differences between the steppe and semi‐desert landscapes, since the maximum areas were occupied by territories with NDVI values of 0.15–0.3.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84447044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of sunflower crops in maintaining the biodiversity of hymenopterous insects in agrocenoses of Krasnodar Territory","authors":"I. B. Popov, O. Kremneva, A. Pachkin, Ya. S. Ermakov, D. Leptyagin","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-127-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-127-139","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the species composition and abundance of anthophilic Hymenopteran insects in the sunflower agrocenosis and the role of its flowers in maintaining biodiversity in the agrocenoses of the Krasnodar Territory. Material and Methods. The studies were conducted during the sunflower growing season in the Krasnodar Territory from 2017 to 2022 in the Kanevsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Krylovsky, Labinsky, Ust‐Labinsky, Tbilisi and Temryuk districts.Results. In sunflower agrocenoses, 53 species of stinging hymenopteran insects from 10 families are found. For each research area, there is an individual insect fauna, which is characteristic of the agrocenosis and actively visits sunflower flowers. The fauna of each district includes mass species, common and rare, most of which are not interested in sunflower flowers, using other resources. The main visitors of sunflower inflorescences are bumblebees, which in a range of circumstances may visit flowers. Most wasp species are casual visitors to sunflower flowers.Conclusion. Most widely represented in the sunflower agrocenosis are insects of the families Halictidae, Andrenidae, Megachilidae, Apidae. In each research area, there are individual situations when common insect species either visit sunflower flowers or completely ignore them. Combining information on all areas, we observe that in the case of certain local conditions, almost all representatives of the fauna can feed on sunflowers, but it is not the principal resources, only complementing the wild flora. ","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90094610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop rotation as a way to increase the biodiversity of agroecosystems and regulate the number of phytophages","authors":"M. V. Pushnya, I. Balakhnina, O. Kremneva, A. Y. Nesterova (Sobina), E. G. Snesareva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-113-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-113-126","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To use the advantages of crop rotation, its types and its impact on the dynamics of the number and harmfulness of dominant pests on various crops, the conservation of biodiversity and the stabilisation of agroecosystems. In this paper, one of the most important problems of modern agriculture is considered – the reduction of chemical treatments without loss of quality and yield of the products obtained due to one of the most important methods of crop rotation and certain agrotechnical methods, such as the joint sowing of different varieties or crops, making shelters, etc.Discussion. Crop rotation, its types and influence on the dynamics of the number and harmfulness of the dominant pests of various crops, biodiversity conservation and stabilisation of agroecosystems, especially important for organic farming, are analyzed. Evidence‐based habitat management practices can greatly improve pest management. The influence of crop rotation on the degree of pest infestation of cultivated crops has been confirmed and a number of little‐studied issues have been identified. This article may be of the greatest interest to owners of farms, as well as large commodity producers.Conclusion. An analysis of the literature data showed that a scientifically based crop rotation with the inclusion of crops of a variety of mixtures. regional trapping or honey crops, taking into account common pests for alternating predecessors and main crops, and aimed at improving the soil and plants, stabilises the ecological state of agroecosystems and improves the safety of the natural environment and the level of profitability of agricultural production. The study of the influence of various methods on increasing biodiversity in agrocenoses has great potential and prospects for further study. ","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78894545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally friendly disinfection method of coccidia oocysts in the environment","authors":"U. M. Saipullaev, M. Saipullaev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-168-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-168-174","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To test the effectiveness and environmental friendliness of a new method of biothermal treatment of bird litter and disinfectant – Penoks‐2 – in relation to bird coccidia oocysts.Material and Methods. A test of biothermal disinfection of bedding manure and disinfestation of premises for rearing young laying hens (6000 birds), was carried out in the Mugutdinova farm of the Buynaksky district of the Republic of Dagestan. The detection of coccidia oocysts was carried out according to the method of Void and Darling, Methods for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Avian Coccidiosis\". The quality of the disinfestation using Penox‐2 solutions was controlled by examining swabs and scrapings taken from the experimental and control surfaces of the premises in accordance with the Rules for Disinfection and Disinfestation of Objects of State Veterinary Supervision. The study of biothermal processes in the litter manure was carried out every 5 days with temperature measurement of piles, while taking samples of the litter for detecting the presence of coccidia oocysts.Results. The studies conducted established that the most environmentally safe method of disinfecting premises is biothermal where the population of replacement laying hens is kept. The temperature in piles 1.5 and 2.0 m high and 2–2.5 m wide reached 65–75°C on the 20–25th day, which ensures the destruction of coccidia oocysts. Production tests have shown that solutions of the new Penox‐2 agent destroy coccidia oocysts in the external environment after irrigation of room surfaces with a content of 3.0% chloramine B through a single application at the rate of 0.5 l/m2 and 3 hours exposure.Conclusion. Tests of a new method of biothermal treatment of litter manure and disinfestation with solutions of Penox‐2 showed high efficiency and environmental safety in the destruction of coccidia oocysts. ","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85550890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of regional environmental criminology in the digital age","authors":"D. Z. Ziyadova, M. G. Dieva, A. E. Guseynov, N. O. Guseynova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-175-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-175-182","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To highlight the increasing importance of environmental criminology in addressing environmental safety challenges in the digital age.Discussion. In the digital age, it is important to shape environmental consciousness and culture through the system of countering environmental crime. To achieve this goal, the foundations of environmental safety should be promoted by attracting new technologies from the digital world. Content analysis of electronic mass media showed that in some regions of the Russian Federation there are environmental crowdsourcing projects, network communities and virtual civil platforms as a corollary of offline (traditional) civil participation. The republics of the North Caucasus need to take into account the positive experience of key regions of Russia, for example, Moscow, in creating digital databases for environmental supervision. Crimes in the field of ecology should be singled out in an independent section of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a priority area of criminal law policy. The authors propose the improvement of the system of execution of punishments for committing crimes in the field of environmental protection by creating specialised correctional centres for the implementation of punishment against persons who have committed environmental crimes directed at their resocialization.Conclusion. Strengthening state control over the use of the digital space in the regions of the Russian Federation will be facilitated by the formation of environmental justice as an element of improving the general system of combating crime. The effectiveness of such an environmental protection countermeasure system also depends on the quality of research in the field of protecting the natural world, which increases the importance of environmental criminology in the digital age","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80299917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of metabolites of new promising strains of bacterial‐antagonists of the genus Bacillus to increase the effectiveness of fungicidal biological products based on them","authors":"N. Tomashevich, T. M. Sidorova, V. V. Allahverdyan, A. Asaturova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-70-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-70-81","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the metabolomic profile of bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus promising for the development of biofungicides using thin layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS).Materials and Methods. The objects of study are strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Exometabolites were isolated from the liquid culture and their metabolomic profile was analyzed by TLC, bioautography, and HPLC‐MS.Results. By the method of bioautography with a test culture of the fungus F. oxysporum var. orthoceras BZR F6 metabolites of bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus surfactin, iturin and fengycin were identified. Quantitative analysis using HPLC‐MS analysis allows us to state that the B. velenzensis BZR 336g and B. amyloliquefaciens BZR 277 strains produce more surfactin than the others. An increased content of ituric lipopeptides was found in strains B. velezensis BZR 517 and B. velenzensis BZR 336g. According to the ability to produce fengycins, strains of B. velezensis BZR 517 and B. velenzensis BZR 336g are ahead of other strains.Conclusion. Studies using two analytical methods reveal that the strains produce all three antifungal lipopeptides. This is important, since metabolites are able not only to suppress phytopathogenic fungi, but also to enhance the antifungal effect due to synergism. The results obtained allow us to state the possibility of using all four strains as producers of effective biofungicides. ","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86451434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}