Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research最新文献

{"title":"Salt tolerance approaches in plants: Biotechnological perspective","authors":"S. Zaman, M. Z. Bhatti, Du Hongmei, S. Che","doi":"10.30918/AMPR.71.19.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/AMPR.71.19.016","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic changes may affect soil quality of agricultural lands, especially by increasing salts deposition in the soil which results in soil salinity. Salinity stress affects several aspects of plant physiology, such as suppressing seed germination, reducing growth of roots and shoots, and altering growth regulators. Breeding salt tolerant plant cultivars has been proven inadequate to fully alleviate this problem. Salinity tolerance results from diverse mechanism, each controlled by a multi-gene system. Over the past decades, substantial progress has been made to elucidate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to mitigate adverse impacts of salinity. The overall problem is more tractable, if the plant response is dissected into diverse traits that are hypothesized to be involved in the tolerance to salinity. In this review, we comprehensively discuss plant adaption to salinity, the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, ion homeostasis, determination of solutes and various molecular and proteomic approaches to understanding the salinity responses. This review provides response guidelines to enhance improvement of plant salt tolerance in combination with improved agricultural practices under saline conditions. Comprehensive understanding of all mechanisms for salinity stress response should be the ultimate of future studies.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114636161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro evaluations of cytotoxicity of Abelmoschus esculentus L., Asparagus aphyllus L. and Crataegus azarolus L. extracts and their effects on GLUT4 membrane translocation on L6 muscle cells and blood glucose levels in mice","authors":"Abdalsalam Kmail, B. Saad, B. Lyoussi, O. Said, M. Darwish, Sleman Kadan, S. Sammar, H. Qalalweh, Raghad Albzoor, Mahmod AlArda, H. Zaid, P. O. Box Kfar kana Galilee Israel Beleafe Ltd","doi":"10.30918/AMPR.71.19.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/AMPR.71.19.015","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the enormous achievements in the development of conventional drugs, herbal-based medicines are still a common practice for the prevention/treatment of diabetes and its related complications. Asparagus aphyllus L. (AA), Abelmoschus esculentus L. (AE) and Crataegus azarolus L. (CA) are recommended in the Greco-Arab traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts of these plants in high fat (HF)-induced diabetes in male C57BL/6J mice. Animals were divided into nine groups (four mice per a cage) and treated orally with drinking water without (control group) or with one of the extracts at 50 or 100 mg extract/kg/day (treated groups 2-9) for four weeks. Treatment with AA and AE extracts (100 mg/kg/day of each) for 18 days significantly reduced the blood glucose levels by 33 and 29% compared to control mice, respectievly. CA (both 50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day) failed to affect glucose concentration in mice blood throughout the study period. The effects of the plant extracts on glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane was tested in L6 muscle cells, stablely expressing myc epitope at the glucose transporter-4 (L6-GLUT4myc). Exposing of these cells to AA and AE extracts (63 μg/ml) led to a significant gain (by about 20%) in GLUT4 on their plasma membranes at non-cytotoxic concentrations as measured with MTT assay where no significat reduction in cell viability were observed up to 250 g/ml. CA failed to increase the GLUT4 translocation. These findings indicate that the observed hypoglycemic properties of these plants are mediated, at least partially, through regulating GLUT4 translocation.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120997126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Thai herbal recipe in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A pilot, randomized, controlled clinical trial","authors":"Kritiya Butthongkomvong, Araya Lukanawonakul, Sakunrat Tiewwanich, P. Pokpermdee, Isara Chiawiriyabunya, T. Kummalue","doi":"10.30918/ampr.71.19.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/ampr.71.19.011","url":null,"abstract":"The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study to determine the efficacy and side effects of a well-known Thai herbal recipe in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Twenty advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients were enrolled at Udon Thani Cancer Hospital, Thailand, between January 2015 and December 2017. They were divided into experimental and placebo groups, each with ten patients. The time to event was defined as the time to disease progression or death, and it was calculated using intention-to-treat analysis. Relative to the placebo group, the treatment group demonstrated a larger number of poor prognostic factors, such as larger tumor sizes, higher alpha-fetoprotein levels, worse Child–Pugh classifications, and much higher alkaline phosphatase levels. A Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the endpoint of the experimental group was not inferior to that of the control group, even though the experimental group had much worse prognostic factors. As to the safety of the herbal recipe, no adverse events were detected in the treatment group. The study demonstrated that the Thai herbal recipe might have some advantages for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients, especially in combination with supportive therapy.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"30 25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous dye plants of the Kingdom of Eswatini, traditional uses and new prospects","authors":"M. Masarirambi, P. Zwane, N. Surana, E. Kunene, S. Moyo, L. L. Mabuza, B. Makhanya","doi":"10.30918/AMPR.71.18.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/AMPR.71.18.032","url":null,"abstract":"Eswatini is rich with a diverse assortment of many indigenous plant species with great potential of economic importance. Natural dye producing plants are among those plants which remain in the wild unexploited, while synthetic dyes used in the textile industries are imported. The aim of this study was to investigate indigenous natural dye producing plants found in Eswatini with potential economic use in the handicraft and textile industries. Plant species were identified with potential to produce natural dyes of economic importance. Important species identified include Berchemia discolor, Syzigium cordatum, Kigelia africanum and Sclerocarya birrea. The species, local names, plant parts used and the color produced are presented. Dye extraction, characterization techniques and application technologies are discussed. Coincidentally many dye plants were found to have medicinal properties. This paper attempts to address the environmental concerns possibly arising from exploitation of dye plant species and presenting some recommendations on new prospects.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121132575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Croton dybowskii Hutch from Congo-Brazzaville","authors":"T. Gouollaly, Kévin Bikindou, Edmond Mabiangana, A. Loumouamou, Sarrah Boumba, M. Makambila, G. Figuérédo, P. Chalard","doi":"10.30918/AMPR.71.18.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/AMPR.71.18.028","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical composition of the essential oil of Croton dibowskii Hutch from Congo-Brazzaville was analyzed by GC/FID and GC/SM. The chemical profile remains, for the most part, dominated by the cyperene (15.1%), borneol (12.5%), (6.9)-guaiadiene (8.2%), α-muurolene (7.9%) and 1.8-cineole (6.7%), representing in general 57.4% of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and 23.8% of oxygenated monoterpne. We note in some respects, with a low content, the presence of monoterpenic hydrocarbons and sesquiterpenic oxygenated compounds of 5.0 and 3.0%, respectively. The antioxidant activity on the DPPH turns out to be very limited, it reaches inhibition percentage of 35% from the concentration of 2000 μg/ml with a CI50 estimated at 3000 μg/ml.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128762748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anticancer effect of plant enzymes on mouse breast cancer model","authors":"Yeun-Hwa Gu, T. Yamasita, D. Choi, H. Yamamoto, T. Matsuo, N. Washino, J. Song, K. Kang","doi":"10.30918/ampr.64.18.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/ampr.64.18.027","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive nutrition and increasingly westernizing dietary choices may be contributing toward a recent trend in rising incidences of chronic lifestyle-related diseases. In this study, we like to evaluate the anti-cancer properties of plant enzyme derived Validux using a mouse model. The anti-cancer properties of Plant Enzyme Validux (PEV) was evaluated using a mouse model. 5 weeks old male BalB/c mice were randomly distributed into four experimental groups: Control, PEV only, 2Gy (gray) only, and PEV + 2Gy. Experimental units were administrated (oral administration by stomach sonde) with 500 mg/kg daily dosage of PEV for 14 days before being subjected to 2Gy of whole body irradiation. Flow cytometry was used to observe the changes in leukocyte and T-Lymphocyte numbers. The PEV treatment group showed statistically significant increase in cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocyte count versus the control group while increased leukocyte and lymphocyte recovery rate was observed in the PEV + 2Gy group. Ordinary trend was also observed in granulocytes. In order to observe PEV’s effect on tumor growth, Experimental units were inoculated with SSC7 mouse carcinoma cell line following 14 days of daily PEV administration. PEV treatment groups showed decrease in tumor volume and mass vis-à-vis control. Thus, we would like to propose that PEV may be potentially used as a radioprotective supplement in radiotherapy for tumor suppression.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125571812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unripe pear fruit extract induces the transcriptional activity of sirtuin-related genes to extend the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Wakae Murata, M. Hasegawa, Seiru Sakasegawa, Ken-Ichi Fujita, Toshio Tanaka, A. Ogita","doi":"10.30918/AMPR.64.18.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/AMPR.64.18.016","url":null,"abstract":"Calorie restriction is the main intervention known to effectively extend the lifespan through anti-aging effects in eukaryotic cells. However, the identification of nutrients with benefits similar to those of calorie restriction for the development of anti-aging agents has been gaining increasing research interest. To this end, in the present study, we evaluated the potential anti-aging effects of unripe pear fruit extract by employing a chronological lifespan assay in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Exposure of unripe pear fruit extract at 1.0% (v/v) significantly prolonged the chronological lifespan of the yeast compared with that of untreated yeast cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was explored through the analysis of the expression of silent information regulator genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, which demonstrated that the expression levels of sirtuin family genes-known regulators of the aging process-were significantly increased upon treatment with unripe pear fruit extract (P < 0.05). These results suggest that unripe pear fruit extract might contribute to anti-aging effects in mammalian cells in vivo, supporting further exploration of the benefits of a human homolog corresponding to the aging regulator gene of yeast.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115689933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plant growth regulators and explant type on the in vitro micro-propagation of wild ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweif.) B.L. Burt.)","authors":"E. Kunene, T. O. Oseni, P. K. Wahome, M. Masarirambi, M. McCubbin, P. Dlamini, S. A. Sihlongonyane, M. G. Zwane, P. O. Box Nhlangano S Eswatini Pasture Valley Ltd.","doi":"10.30918/AMPR.64.18.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/AMPR.64.18.023","url":null,"abstract":"Wild ginger is a medicinal plant which belongs to Zingeberaceae family. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of coughs, colds, flu, malaria and menstrual disorders. However, the plant is at the verge of extinction due to unsustainable harvesting practices. The objective of this study was to develop in vitro micro-propagation protocol for the wild ginger. The MS media with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg L BAP, 2.0 mg L BAP + 0.5 mg L NAA, and 2.0 mg L BAP + 1.0 mg L NAA, were evaluated on leaf, corm and root explants for in vitro shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis. In vitro rooting was investigated on half strength MS medium augmented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg L NAA. Corm explants were significantly more effective in direct shoot regeneration in vitro than the leaf and root explants which neither regenerated shoots nor formed callus. The 1.0 mg L BAP produced shoots which were significantly higher in number and longer than those from other treatments. However, there was no significant difference between 1.0 and 0.5 mg L BAP. There was also no significant difference between the PGR-free MS medium and 0.5 mg L BAP. No shoots were observed on 2.0 mg L BAP, and on either of the combination of BAP and NAA. The half strength MS medium was effective on in vitro rooting, with no significant differences among the NAA concentrations on rooting percentage, number of roots and root length. From the results of this trial, it can be recommended that corm explants be used for direct shoot regeneration of wild ginger in vitro, with BAP of up to 1.0 mg L, and be rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with NAA of up to 2.0 mg L.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132272526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of organic fertilisers on growth, yield and nutritional content of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)","authors":"Temave S. Ndzingane, M. Masarirambi, K. A. Nxumalo, E. Kunene, D. Earnshaw, Molyn Mpofu, Daniel V. Dlamini, Sifiso Sihlongonyana","doi":"10.30918/ampr.101.20.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/ampr.101.20.040","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the major essential oil-producing species used in culinary and fragrance applications. However, there is a dearth of information pertaining to its organic production in the country. A field study laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Luyengo Campus, University of Eswatini to assess the effects of organic fertilisers on the growth, yield and nutritional content of basil. This study consisted of four treatments replicated four times. The organic fertilisers used were chicken manure, kraal (cattle) manure and compost. The rates of application were 40 t/ha for the manures. Chemical fertilizer 2:3:2 (22) + 0.5 Zinc (Zn) and limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN 28%) were included at application rates of 150 kg/ha basal dressing and 100 kg/ha LAN top dressing, respectively. The results showed that the type of organic fertilizer applied affected the growth and yield of sweet basil. A trend in the superiority of the different types of organic fertilisers was observed as chicken manure exhibited higher values of the number of leaves (134.2), branches (78.6), leaf area (30.2 cm2)) and chlorophyll content (68.2 CCI), fresh leaf mass (355 g), and fresh mass of basil plant (691 g). Kraal manure was the second, followed by chemical fertilizer and lastly compost. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in P, K, Mn, Cu, and Zn content due to the application of different organic fertilisers. Calcium, Mg and Fe showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among the treatments. The use of chicken manure in the production of basil should be encouraged because its application resulted in relatively higher growth and yields compared to the other fertilisers. Keywords: Organic fertilizers, growth, basil, medicinal properties, mineral content.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"28 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125690439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro and in-vivo toxicological studies of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (Lamiaceae) in Wistar rats","authors":"Mindédé Assih, Badjabaissi Essotolom, Bescond Jocelyn, Mouzou Aklesso, Pakoussi Tcha, Sanvee Sabrina Chris Janiba, Yérima Mouhoudine, Diallo Aboudoulatif, Dossou-Yovo Komla Mawubedjro, Kaboua Komla, P. Bois, Potchoo Yao","doi":"10.30918/ampr.102.22.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/ampr.102.22.012","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicines have been used for human health management, prevention, and cure of human diseases since ancient civilizations. In recent days, the use of herbal medicines has increased significantly in various forms such as herbal formulations, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals in the global market. This growing demand undoubtedly improves the therapeutic claims of herbal medicines as biomedicines and/or functional foods. However, the safe use of herbal products and herbal drugs remains a challenge due to toxicity and regulatory issues. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on the larvae of Artemia salina in vitro and in-vivo acute and subchronic toxicity study in Wistar rats. The test on A. salina showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of O. gratissimum did not show any toxicity. The LC50 values of O. gratissimum on brine shrimp were 0.60 ± 0.19 mg/ml. The acute toxicity study revealed no behavioral disturbances or death in rats. The extract lethal dose (LD50) is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. Subchronic toxicity results showed a significant increase in abdominal fat at 1000 mg/kg. As for the hematological parameters, there was a significant decrease in the number of platelets at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Some biochemical parameters were affected by repeated administration of O. gratissimum extract for 28 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was increased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and urea decreased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. Blood electrolytes showed no significant change. Histological sections showed no organ damage. In conclusion, aqueous extract of O. gratissimum caused no adverse effects in rats after acute and subchronic treatment at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. However, specific hematological and biochemical parameters should be monitored during chronic use. Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, cytotoxicity, toxicity, Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":413004,"journal":{"name":"Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126328188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}