Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing最新文献

{"title":"Analysis and Countermeasures of Wormhole and Sinkhole Attacks in WBAN","authors":"Aisha Kanwal, Pardeep Kumar, R. Asif, Saman Hina","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a promising technology that is having a significant number of applications in healthcare. Despite having several benefits, WBAN is susceptible to several security attacks, particularly related to the node misbehavior attacks such as sinkholes, wormholes, blackholes, and gray hole attacks. In this research work, the performance of the AODV protocol against wormhole and sinkhole attacks has been analyzed. This comparison-based study has been achieved for the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio), NRL (Normalized Routing Load), residual energy, packet loss, average throughput, and average end-to-end delay metrics for WBAN with 20 and 50 nodes respectively. The results show that in 20 nodes network the PDR and average throughput of the sinkhole is 32% and 53% more than the wormhole attack, respectively. However, NRL is 36% and the average e2e delay is 63% less than the wormhole attack. In 50 nodes network, the PDR of a sinkhole attack is 26% and the average throughput is 10.7% more than the wormhole attack. Though, NRL and average e2e delays are 41.7% and 78.5% less than the wormhole attack, respectively. Hence, the wormhole attack in either network is more destructive than the sinkhole attack. Based on the simulation results, some solutions against the mentioned attacks have been recommended.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125383480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easy-Mart: Self checkout System for Supermarkets","authors":"Ayesha Anees Zaveri, Nabiha Faisal, Sarama Shehmir, M. Parveen, S. Imtiaz, Adilah Matcharan, Saba Akhter, Naveera Sami, Mobeen Nazar","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Long-awaited queues are the fundamental problem faced by check-out counters nowadays. However, the problem described can be sorted efficiently by providing customers with a self-checkout facility. Easy Mart is a mobile application that allows you to prevent these long queues by performing your transaction in a snap. Easy Mart allows its customers to scan the items using the camera. Then please set the item quantity and generate the total bill on their mobile. The Easy Mart app is designed to be used on mobile phones by its customers. However, in addition to that, it offers a POS system that can be tailored to the supermarket's back-end operations. The desktop application consists of an admin portal where various algorithms will be placed. These algorithms will perform analytics and sales patterns from historical data. Additionally, this application highlights which products will be in demand during which seasons and informs suppliers of what is required.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124819424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Course Recommendation, Exploratory Data Analysis And Visualizations of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCS)","authors":"Noman Islam, Abdul Rafay Khan, Umair Ahmed, Ahmed Jaffer, Shamim Akhtar","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Users and learners nowadays are seeking their education on online platforms such as Open edX, Udemy, Udacity, and Coursera. However, online learners are faced with cumbersome tasks and various challenges to search for the required courses matching their individual goals, knowledge, and interest. With the huge amount of data and material available over the internet for MOOCs, users often face the difficulty of making the right decision to choose the right course that perfectly defines their interest and fulfills their learning requirements. Hence, the lack of targeted recommendations for MOOCs can drive users to choose irrelevant MOOCs. Recommender System (RS) plays a crucial role in assisting learners to find appropriate MOOCs to improve learners’ engagements and their satisfaction/completion rates on the courses that satisfy their learning requirements. Basically, the aim is to visualize the student's areas of interest, which should not differ from the course recommendation and the overall structure of the course.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122651749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating High Performance Implementations of Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) Codebook Design","authors":"Halar Mustafa, Muhammad Ahsan Shaikh, M. Sikander, S. Rehman, Mohammed Rafiq","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract -The number of mobile devices, IoT devices, and their applications is increasing day by day in recent years and further going to increase in coming years. These applications and devices demand large connectivity, high throughput, and low latency which can be possible only in the B5G or 6G. The effective utilization of the spectrum is done by multiple access techniques which facilitate the spectrum to accommodate a large number of users. The 5G has different new technologies to support the massive user demand and high-speed data rate. The non-orthogonal multiple access scheme (NOMA) is considered for the B5G or 6G. The NOMA offers a massive number of user connectivity in contrast to the OMA which is an orthogonal multiple access scheme. The performance evaluation of the SCMA is investigated and recent advancement in the field of NOMA is discussed in this paper. The BER performance of Capacity-based codebook design and codebook design based on lattice constellation is evaluated on the two different channels i.e AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel. The behavior of capacity-based codebook design is better than lattice-based codebook design. The performance of both codebook designs surpasses AWGN in contrast to the Rayleigh fading channel by the multipath available in the Rayleigh Fading channel.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127566014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Detection System to Identify Invasive Ductal Carcinoma by Predicting Bloom Richardson Grading from Histopathological Images","authors":"Sarena Talpur, Munaf Rashid, Saad Jawaid Khan, S. Syed","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: After skin cancer, the most common type of cancer is breast cancer among the world population. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-induced mortality among women. Breast cancer is frequently diagnosed by using biopsies in which tissue is removed from the breast and studied under a microscope. The results of these biopsies are based on the qualifications and experience of the pathologist who diagnoses the abnormal cell under the microscope. With the emergence of advancements in the fields of image processing and artificial intelligence, there is an area of interest in developing a deep learning model to improve and enhance the quality and accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. This study proposed a deep learning model that automatically analyses the multiclass classification of hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological images of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) by discriminating the IDC into grades such as G-1, G-2, and G-3. The methodology is focused on a deep learning model to detect grades of invasive ductal carcinoma by adopting the Sequential Convolutional Neural Network Two-Dimensional (CNN2D). We used DataBiox, a public dataset taken from an internet source consisting of 922 images. We evaluate the result of multiclass classification by dividing 80% and 20% of the dataset into training and testing data, respectively. As a result of the training and testing of the pre-trained CNN model, sequential CNN yields the accuracy of the model of 92.81%. Our model accurately classifies a multi-class classification of histological images of grades of breast cancer, specifically IDC. It is ready to be tested with a more diverse and massive database in the future.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116010523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technologies Trend in the Integration of 5G Networks and IoT in Smart Cities: A Survey","authors":"S. Ansari, T. E. Nyamasvisva","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract---This paper presents a survey of 5G and suitable concerns in the planning and development of communication model infrastructure for the deployment of Smart Cities, also called Intelligent Cities or Digital Cities. The paper first provides an overview of 5G technology, its evolution, and how it revolutionised worldwide communication. The drivers of 5G, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC), will enable 5G to deliver higher speeds compared to the previous 4G and 3G generations and enable service providers to provide massive bandwidth catering to data-intensive applications such as Smart Cities. Besides human-computer interaction (HCI), smart cities include machinetype communication (MTC), in which massive communication takes place between devices and the information infrastructure through gateways. A 5G network can successfully integrate the diversified service requirements and demands of smart city applications. Smart cities require massive IoT communication built into 5G. Multiple technologies are deployed in smart cities to enhance the standard of living for people. Citizens are provided with better health services, improved transportation, efficient energy, quality education, and safety and security to public. In this survey paper we present the contribution of 5G in the deployment of smart city applications and its pillars that play a very important role in the construction of smart cities. Better healthcare systems have been developed that integrate new communication technologies and conventional health care procedures. One of the vital segments of a smart city is its transportation system, which affects the environs and health of people. The energy efficiency of smart cities can be greatly improved by 5G by using smart appliances. Smart metres deliver real-time data about the energy consumed. Users can save energy and money. Similarly, it can assist the water board team by giving real-time statistics regarding water consumption to the consumers. Almost all the smart city infrastructure mentioned above has different requirements for delay, movement, dependability, and resilience of the network. Incorporating diverse applications into a communication network is a difficult chore. 5G has been designed for forwarding compatibility to support future amenities not known today. The paper outlines diverse requirements for smart cities based on application and technology requirements. Lastly, the supporting technologies are highlighted for the forthcoming integration of smart cities and communication infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121740169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Multijunction Solar Cells Based Potable Water Purification System using Cationic Polyacrylamide Alum Lime and Ozone to Remove Covid-19","authors":"Muhammad Shehram, U. Rani","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"In a world where potable water is just about to run dry, it is necessary to introduce new technologies and methods of solar-based water purification systems. Developing countries like Pakistan are cladding a shortage of purified water and its storage process. Our proposed design for water gets purified by using multijunction solar cells, cationic polyacrylamide alum, and lime. Multijunction solar cells are utilized to enhance the efficiency of the system. They utilize the complete spectrum of sunlight and absorb the different colors of light by different materials, and each material has its own bandgap energy. The solar cells generate power which is used to boil the contaminated water for 30 minutes up to 120 degrees for the purification purpose and remove bacteria, protozoa, and viruses because all germs become dead when water boils for 30 minutes. Alum is used for the purpose of purification because alum, cationic polyacrylamide, and lime or coagulant are utilized to remove arsenic from water. To remove COVID-19 from water, ozone gas O3 is injected. Charcoal filter paper is utilized to filter the boiling water energy stored in the battery to drive the system for nighttime purposes. The proposed design is economical, environmentally friendly, and works at maximum time. Nowadays, an IOT-based smart water purification system has been installed which works on solar energy.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"97 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134430413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralized Voting System Based on Regions Using Facial Recognition","authors":"Syed Rizwan, Muhammad Zubair, Azfar Ghani, Sabeeh Ahmed","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed system for voting in this project provides a decentralized platform on which all relevant voting information will be available to the public; therefore, security and transparency are the primary objectives of this project. This system uses facial recognition which helps the Election Commission to avoid rigging, bogus results, disputes, and uncertain situations. It uses artificial intelligence for facial recognition of the voters by validating it with a dummy database in which complete detail of a person is available including name, father's name, id number, thumb impression, photo, etc. Then voters can cast their vote easily. Our project infrastructure includes the admin panel which requires login credentials. The system is restricted and cannot be accessed outside of the polling station. In the polling station, firstly, the voter has to input their legal details (NIC) for authentication which redirects the voter to the Facial Recognition window, where the voter's face is validated through this method then all the candidates’ lists will be displayed on the screen of the voter. The program keeps the vote count of every candidate on submission of each vote and displays the result of the election as soon as the voting process ends, which means no delay in results. As our system is a Decentralized system, it also sends the vote count to every node in an encrypted way.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121200145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Survey of Simulation Tools for Cloud and Mobile Cloud Computing Paradigm","authors":"M. Shahid, R. Faiz, Muhammad Mansoor Alam, M. Mazliham","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing (CC) provides fast and on-demand access to virtually unlimited computing resources. Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is a new technology that brings CC and mobile devices together. MCC allows mobile devices access to cloud services. Describe the basic architectures for various MCC applications, as well as a brief comparison of cloud and MCC. As CC becomes more common, researchers in this field may need to conduct real-world experiments in their studies. Configuring and running these experiments in real-world cloud environments is costly. As a consequence, modeling and simulation approaches are suitable solutions that can be used to simulate cloud computing environments. Several simulation tools tailored to CC have been developed. The most powerful simulation methods in this field of study are described in this article. Among them are CloudSim, CloudSim Plus, CloudAnalyst, iFogSim, and CloudReports.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130395373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Sustainable Non-Toxic Locust Control Using Electric Field & Real-Time Remote Monitoring Using Android Application","authors":"Basit Ali, Hadid Khalid, M. rao","doi":"10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a solution to overcome the locust attack issue on crops. Locusts and grasshoppers are among the most hazardous farming nuisances. Pesticides can harm non-target species and dirty the climate. Locusts are known to reproduce quickly and are capable of eating food of their own body weight on a daily basis. These hungry insects can eat the same amount of food that 35,000 human beings would be capable of eating. This setup will control the locust swarm by having a nontoxic solution. The setup consists of high voltage capacitor-based fencing that is used to spread an electric field that kills the locust sufficiently, ultraviolet light is also attached to attract the locust on a single point, and controlling and checking framework has been done using an android application. Different sensors are installed to measure the real-time data from the field location. The setup is solar-powered completely which makes it standalone and self-sustainable. An android application is also developed to operate and monitor the setup remotely.","PeriodicalId":412730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123640673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}