Journal of Islamic Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Maturation of a Discipline","authors":"B. Walker","doi":"10.1558/jia.26693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.26693","url":null,"abstract":"In celebration of the ten-year anniversary of the journal, this brief editorial note reviews the ways the field of Islamic archaeology has developed in the last decade, and the ways in which the journal has generated growth, facilitated innovation and collaboration, and given visibility to the field.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilgrim Town of Philoxenite and Settlement Continuation in the Early Islamic Hinterland of Alexandria, Egypt","authors":"M. Gwiazda","doi":"10.1558/jia.24820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.24820","url":null,"abstract":"The history of settlements in the Mareotis region or the immediate hinterland of Alexandria in the first century following the Arab conquest of Egypt has not been sufficiently studied. Earlier findings stated that the region had suffered a settlement crisis prior to the second half of the 7th century AD, with an unstable hydrological situation as the contributing factor. Those findings contradicted the results of the archaeological excavations at Philoxenite, a town located in the western part of the Mareotis region. The Byzantine buildings and public spaces studied at that site had been in use until the first half of the 8th century. Upon analysis, the associated sequences of layers and structures imply that their uses were subject to modification. Putting these findings into the context of a regional perspective leads to the conclusion that the settlement history of Alexandria’s western hinterland was more complex than previously thought. Not only does this concern the difficulties in accessing water, but also the decrease in Christian pilgrimage traffic as important factors responsible for the changes.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43566378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rescue Excavation at the Islamic Site of Umm Zweitineh in Central Jordan, 2012","authors":"H. Khries, Taher al-Gonmeen","doi":"10.1558/jia.21405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.21405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws on the preliminary results of the rescue excavation conducted by the Department of Antiquities at Umm Zweitineh in central Jordan in 2012. The goal of the excavation was to take urgent action regarding protecting the site as far as possible. Due to budget constraints, the excavation work lasted for only twenty days. The aim of the article is that of providing a clear regional picture of the Islamic settlement through the seventh/eighth and fourteenth centuries AD through retrieving information from the architectural remains and material culture. The architectural relics and material culture were unearthed under a dense layer of wreckage and accumulated debris because of previous construction work at the site. The accumulation deposits yielded a ceramic assembly of daily life vessels dating primarily to the Umayyad and Mamluk periods. Earlier pottery sherds belonging to the Roman and Byzantine periods have been also uncovered. Ceramic sherds from the Iron Age II sporadically appeared on topsoil. Besides the ceramic, other metal artifacts, including bronze vessels from different periods, have been unearthed. The Umayyad and Early Mamluk settlements were distinguishable because of the distinct corpus typical of both periods. Possible evidence of a religion building belonging to the Umayyad-period Christianity have been unearthed in Area B.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67554745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Becoming Muslim”","authors":"T. Insoll","doi":"10.1558/jia.25864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25864","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeology is in a unique position to offer a material culture based perspective on Islamization and conversion to Islam, particularly in regions where historical sources might be limited or absent. This is explored with reference to two archaeological areas, Gao in Mali, and Harlaa in Ethiopia to assess if similar material markers can recur archaeologically through evaluating mosques, Muslim burials and Arabic epigraphy, settlement structure and domestic architecture, animal and plant remains, ceramics, and miscellaneous artifacts potentially suggestive of Islamization in both regions, primarily for the period between the 11th–13th centuries CE. It is concluded that the evidence from Gao and Harlaa attests the variety of interpretations of Islam that exist, but, correspondingly, through the recurrence of key markers such as mosques, Muslim burials, and Arabic epigraphy, also affirms material similarity, yet without having to make course to a unitary and erroneous concept of “African Islam.”","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43219664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Bamanaya is so difficult to leave behind”","authors":"K. Macdonald","doi":"10.1558/jia.25867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25867","url":null,"abstract":"Islamization in Mande West Africa gradually accompanied the expansion of mercantile groups and was surprisingly accommodating via syncretic processes with local spiritual traditions. Elites of the Empire of Mali were amongst the first to embrace Islam and mediate between it and indigenous earth religions. Yet this process was patchy across different cultural sectors and from the seventeenth century onwards there were upswellings of Bamanaya, earth religions, in open conflict with waves of Islamic jihadism (e.g. the Umarian movement). Thus, historic polities could retain both mosques and non-Islamic shrines, and maraboutic practices incorporated forms of local magic. This article considers results from “Project Segou”: historical and archaeological fieldwork undertaken between 2005 and 2013 in the Segou region of Mali, stretching approximately from Sinsanni in the east to Nyamina in the west. As a heartland of the Empire of Mali (c. AD 1235–1500) and the core of Bamana Segou (c. AD 1700–1861), its oral and archaeological sources inform our deep time appreciation of ideological and spiritual change at the margins of the Middle Niger from the thirteenth through nineteenth centuries AD.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conquest to Conversion","authors":"Corisande Fenwick","doi":"10.1558/jia.25866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25866","url":null,"abstract":"North Africa (west of Egypt) is a compelling locale to explore how and when a Muslim minority became the Muslim majority. Previous scholarly approaches to medieval religious change rely almost exclusively on much later written sources, and as a result, little is understood about the religious landscape in which believers operated in. This article examines critically the material evidence for mosque construction and church abandonment and proposes certain tipping points in the process by which Islam become the dominant religion. While mosque construction reveals more about state and elite religious investment than the believers who may have used them, other forms of evidence, including funerary evidence, dietary practices and inscribed material culture, occasionally give us an intimate glimpse into the practices of simple believers. The evidence shows that the chronology of religious change differs between those regions under Byzantine rule (eastern Algeria, Tunisia, coastal Libya), and those ruled by Berber chiefdoms in late antiquity. Much of the latter converted in the 8th century, whereas the late 9th century marks the mass conversion of town dwellers from the Byzantine core and a first period of crisis for Christianity. This early conversion was an important factor in the collapse of the caliphate in North Africa and the emergence of successor states that used Islam as the main idiom through which to establish and legitimize their right to rule.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeology of Islamization in Northern Madagascar","authors":"N. Anderson","doi":"10.1558/jia.25865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25865","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic towns dotted the northern coasts of Madagascar in the immediate precolonial period. The heritage of these settlements was not unlike their coastal East African contemporaries. Elaborating upon what is known from regional oral traditions and Islamic histories, archaeology has increasingly served as a conduit for understanding, facilitating the investigation of Muslim chronologies and lifeways in Madagascar. Tangible cultural heritage has corroborated Malagasy tradition, attesting to a human landscape sculpted by centuries of colonization, disparate and interconnected micro-migrations, and seasonal visitations. These finds are echoed in the genetics of the present-day Malagasy, where a legacy of Austronesian, African, and Indian Ocean inputs and population fluidity is found (Heiske et al. 2021; Radimilahy and Crossland 2015, 504–505). The compositional peculiarities of Muslim communities along the northern flanks of Madagascar recommend that Islamic beliefs reached the great island via the Comorian Archipelago in the early 2nd millennium CE, arriving via maritime routes and as components of larger southward dispersion phenomena, which included ideological dissemination, socio-religious affiliation, and the physical movement of people over multiple generations. The diffusion of Islamic ideologies to Madagascar was not realized according to a uniform Islamization pathway, nor was the development of member communities constrained within a single moment in time, as told in Antalaotra and Zafiraminia foundational biographies. Recent archaeological investigations at the Islamic town of Kingany in Madagascar’s northwest help clarify the trajectories of said ideological transmission and elaborate on underlying Islamizing mechanisms pertinent to the Mozambique Channel in this period.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44189557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editor’s Preface","authors":"T. Insoll","doi":"10.1558/jia.25863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25863","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of theJournal of Computer Security is drawn from papers presented at the 2000 European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2000), held in Toulouse, France, 4–6 October 2000. The ESORICS symposia have been held every two years since 1990 and represent the main European forum for security research. Several papers presented at the ESORICS 2000 Symposium were invited for submission to the Journal. Submitted papers were revised for journal publication and subjected to the normal rigorous review process of the Journal. This issue contains four papers selected for publication through this process. “Manageable access control for CORBA”, by Gerald Brose presents a language and its support for specifying and managing access control policies. This language provides a formal notation that allows the security administrators to express a wide range of practical security policies. This language called VPL for View Policy Language is based on the concept of role already widely used in the RBAC model. In this paper, roles have a strictly functional interpretation and groups are used to model organizational structure. VPL also uses the concept of view that is introduced as a grouping concept for providing a more comprehensive specification of access control policies. This paper then shows how to combine these concepts in the context of CORBA. Gerhard Schellhorn and colleagues, in “Verified formal security models for multiapplicative smart cards”, present two security models that are extensions of the classical Bell/LaPadula and Biba models. The first model is designed at a very abstract level and the second refines the first by inserting more practical issues that are useful for multiapplicative smart cards. These models include requirements for authentication and intransitive noninterference, and avoid the need for trusted processes that is generally viewed as a drawback of the Bell/LaPadula model. An interesting and useful contribution is that, unlike several theoretical papers on noninterference previously published, this paper describes how to use such a model in developing a practical system. “Checking secure interactions of smart card applets: extended version”, by Pierre Bieber and colleagues is a paper on a similar topic. In the context of a multiapplicative smart card, this paper shows how to verify that applets interact in a secure way. The suggested security policy is a MAC policy that associates labels to applet attributes and methods. The main contribution is then to define a technique based on model checking to verify that actual information flows between applets are authorized. This approach is illustrated in the context of an electronic purse running on Java Card.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking Transparency: Rock Crystals across the Medieval Mediterranean, edited by Cynthia Hahn and Avinoam Shalem","authors":"Hagit Nol","doi":"10.1558/jia.25919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25919","url":null,"abstract":"Seeking Transparency: Rock Crystals across the Medieval Mediterranean, edited by Cynthia Hahn and Avinoam Shalem. Mann Verlag 2020. 334pp., 36 pl., index. Hardback €49. ISBN-13: 9783786128434.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus. Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam, by Alain George","authors":"Hagit Nol","doi":"10.1558/jia.25920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25920","url":null,"abstract":"The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus. Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam, by Alain George. Gingko 2021. Gingko Library Art Series. 260pp., 165 ill. Hardback 60£. ISBN0-13: 9781909942455.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}