Journal of Islamic Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Guest Editor’s Preface","authors":"T. Insoll","doi":"10.1558/jia.25863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25863","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of theJournal of Computer Security is drawn from papers presented at the 2000 European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2000), held in Toulouse, France, 4–6 October 2000. The ESORICS symposia have been held every two years since 1990 and represent the main European forum for security research. Several papers presented at the ESORICS 2000 Symposium were invited for submission to the Journal. Submitted papers were revised for journal publication and subjected to the normal rigorous review process of the Journal. This issue contains four papers selected for publication through this process. “Manageable access control for CORBA”, by Gerald Brose presents a language and its support for specifying and managing access control policies. This language provides a formal notation that allows the security administrators to express a wide range of practical security policies. This language called VPL for View Policy Language is based on the concept of role already widely used in the RBAC model. In this paper, roles have a strictly functional interpretation and groups are used to model organizational structure. VPL also uses the concept of view that is introduced as a grouping concept for providing a more comprehensive specification of access control policies. This paper then shows how to combine these concepts in the context of CORBA. Gerhard Schellhorn and colleagues, in “Verified formal security models for multiapplicative smart cards”, present two security models that are extensions of the classical Bell/LaPadula and Biba models. The first model is designed at a very abstract level and the second refines the first by inserting more practical issues that are useful for multiapplicative smart cards. These models include requirements for authentication and intransitive noninterference, and avoid the need for trusted processes that is generally viewed as a drawback of the Bell/LaPadula model. An interesting and useful contribution is that, unlike several theoretical papers on noninterference previously published, this paper describes how to use such a model in developing a practical system. “Checking secure interactions of smart card applets: extended version”, by Pierre Bieber and colleagues is a paper on a similar topic. In the context of a multiapplicative smart card, this paper shows how to verify that applets interact in a secure way. The suggested security policy is a MAC policy that associates labels to applet attributes and methods. The main contribution is then to define a technique based on model checking to verify that actual information flows between applets are authorized. This approach is illustrated in the context of an electronic purse running on Java Card.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus. Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam, by Alain George","authors":"Hagit Nol","doi":"10.1558/jia.25920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25920","url":null,"abstract":"The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus. Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam, by Alain George. Gingko 2021. Gingko Library Art Series. 260pp., 165 ill. Hardback 60£. ISBN0-13: 9781909942455.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking Transparency: Rock Crystals across the Medieval Mediterranean, edited by Cynthia Hahn and Avinoam Shalem","authors":"Hagit Nol","doi":"10.1558/jia.25919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.25919","url":null,"abstract":"Seeking Transparency: Rock Crystals across the Medieval Mediterranean, edited by Cynthia Hahn and Avinoam Shalem. Mann Verlag 2020. 334pp., 36 pl., index. Hardback €49. ISBN-13: 9783786128434.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spolia and Umayyad Mosques","authors":"Carmen González Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1558/jia.23646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.23646","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Roman and Late-antique spolia in the erection of Umayyad infrastructures is extensively documented, from Bilad al-Sham to al-Andalus. Particularly in the latter, spolia were key in the construction of mosques, of which the Friday Mosque of Córdoba is the most paradigmatic example. The reuse of decorative and architectural materials in these religious spaces has been broadly discussed, and it has been often concluded that there were aesthetic, religious and ideological reasons, as well as strong political needs of legitimation and representation of the Umayyad dynasty. In this context, the case of the mosque of Madinat al-Zahra' is quite striking. Here, while spolia seem to have been absent, the capitals designed for its prayer room stand out for their particular characteristics, often described as resembling Visigothic models and as a product of rush. This paper aims to bring together the information available about the use of spolia in Umayyad mosques and its possible explanations, as well as to bring forward the particularities of the series of capitals designed for the mosque of Madinat al-Zahra', suggesting new ideas for their interpretation.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49527339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islamic Lives of Iberian Megaliths","authors":"K. Lillios","doi":"10.1558/jia.23647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.23647","url":null,"abstract":"Modernist archaeology involves the dating and ordering of events, construction phases, objects, people, or processes in well-bounded and discrete sequences. The notion that objects or monuments date to one time or one cultural phase, however, is problematic, particularly in the case of large stone monuments, such as megaliths, whose construction and use are generally dated to the Neolithic, between 6000 and 2500 BCE. This paper examines the methodological challenges of such work and surveys what the archaeological record reveals about the nature of Andalusi engagements with megaliths.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48224847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Ceramics and the Formation of the Archaeological Record in Madinat Ilbirah (Granada, Spain)","authors":"Miguel Jiménez Puertas","doi":"10.1558/jia.23643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.23643","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a study of a particular assemblage of ceramics retrieved in a pit in the Islamic town of Madinat Ilbirah (Granada, Spain) to analyse the processes of formation of the archaeological record. This can in turn provide interesting information on the patterns of use and discard of ceramics, and so contribute to a general picture of quotidian social practices in an Islamic town. The theoretical apparatus of the paper combines insights extracted from the works of M. B. Schiffer, well known for his contribution to the study of site formation processes, and methodological ideas by C. Orton, specialist on quantitative analysis of ceramics. These ideas have been circulated and debated by archaeologists for decades, but they have been scarcely applied to the debate on Islamic ceramics in al-Andalus. In this study they are adapted to the particular conditions of the pit assemblage in Ilbirah. The results of this analysis show that the deposit of ceramics found in the pit contains elements of two well-defined periods of early Islamic al-Andalus (late Emiral, 850–925, and Caliphal, 925–1025), and that there are at least three moments of accumulation. The earliest and latest moment of accumulation were built over a relatively long number of years, but the intermediate moment seems to correspond to a process of discarding of the elements of a single domestic unit over a period of about five to ten years. The main aim of this paper is to draw attention to the possibilities and the need of advanced quantitative research in pottery studies. It is hoped that this study will inspire similar works in other Islamic sites, so that significant comparisons can be built.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46449742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Cup of Pharaoh” from Samarra and the Reuse of Ancient spolia as Water Features in the medieval Islamic World","authors":"P. Brown","doi":"10.1558/jia.23645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.23645","url":null,"abstract":"This paper opens with a consideration of the biography of a large basin discovered during excavations at the Abbasid capital of Samarra. The large, circular, basin from Samarra closely matches historical descriptions of a fountain located in the city’s Congregational Mosque which became known as “kasat firun,” or the “Cup of Pharaoh” and, since its discovery, this excavated basin and the historical account of the fountain have often been conflated as one and the same. The excavated basin is carved from a non-local—and probably Egyptian—stone which may have generated its mysterious association with the Pharaonic past. A consideration of the possible sources from which such a large stone basin might have been obtained during the Islamic period, however, opens up a wider discussion related to the reuse of pre-Islamic artefacts as water features. This paper explores possible scenarios through which the basin from Samarra might have been acquired by the Abbasid caliphs alongside the logistics associated with its transport to Samarra. In addition, the likely motivations for the installation of this enigmatic stone basin are evaluated—including pragmatic reuse of an impressive piece of stonework, a symbolic statement of contemporary pre-eminence over the rulers of the past or perhaps even beliefs in the quasi-magical powers of ancient objects. Alongside this, the existence of several comparable, near-contemporary, basins, demonstrate that the reuse of objects from the past as contemporary water features in important locations, was a wider practice seen in both the Islamic world and beyond. As an object that seems to have led multiple lives, the complex biography of the basin from Samarra illuminates the ways in which material remains of the past were understood and repurposed during the Abbasid Caliphate.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47801711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Something Ends, Something Begins","authors":"J. C. Carvajal López","doi":"10.1558/jia.23642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.23642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refuse Usage and Architectural Reuse in the Field","authors":"I. Taxel, Joel Roskin","doi":"10.1558/jia.23644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.23644","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the mostly unpublished finds of a 1970s excavation and the initial results of a 2020 survey and excavation of the remains of an Early Islamic Plot-and-Berm (P&B) agroecosystem south of ancient Caesarea/Qaysariyya, this study discusses the agricultural incorporation of refuse in a pristine aeolian sand environment. The P&B agroecosystem, characterized by anthro-terrain/earthworks of sunken agricultural plots delimited by sand berms, comprises an innovative initiative to cultivate dunefields on a high groundwater table. The key element for the sustainability of this unique agrotechnology was refuse. The refuse, extracted from nearby town dumps, included ash, carbonate, trace elements and artifacts. It was probably sorted into small artifacts and grey loam. It was then brought to the fields, not only combined to stabilize the erodible and initially unvegetated berm surface until today, but also partly altered the physical and chemical properties of the sand and increased its fertility, mainly in the plots, to form sandy loam anthrosols. The pristine aeolian sand substrate enabled a clear and quantitative stratigraphic and pedological differentiation of the refuse additions. The transportation of human waste to the fields and its incorporation into the natural sediment to form an anthrosol formed part of the \"waste stream\" of Caesarea's Early Islamic population. Such human-modified soil environments by means of manuring, gained a specific signature and would have been considered \"soil places\" which became part of the local onomasticon of placenames and probably created \"cultural soilscapes.\" The clear aeolian sandy substrate makes the P&B agroecosystems an excellent case study on soil enrichment by refuse, and enlightens us about the relative amounts and methodologies of refuse extraction, sorting, transportation, and incorporation.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46850716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Inscribed Ballista Stone from Apollonia-Arsuf, Israel, and Stone-throwing Siege Machines in the Medieval Near East","authors":"S. Heidemann, D. Nicolle, O. Tal","doi":"10.1558/jia.20280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jia.20280","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a unique example of a roughly round ballista stone (ca. 32 x 31 cm) retrieved during excavations at Apollonia-Arsuf. It bears a two-line (one horizontal, the other vertical) Arabic inscription. Given the context of the ballista stones found at the site, it can be dated to March–April 1265, when the town and castle of Arsur were under siege by the Mamluk army headed by Baybars. The ballista stone is analyzed in relation to the site history and archaeology, its inscription, and the Mamluk sultanate 13th-century stone-throwing siege-machine artillery.","PeriodicalId":41225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48122617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}