Asian Review of World Histories最新文献_第8页

The Last Copper Century: Southwest China and the Coin Economy (1705–1808) 最后的铜世纪:中国西南与钱币经济(1705-1808)

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340049

Jin Cao

{"title":"The Last Copper Century: Southwest China and the Coin Economy (1705–1808)","authors":"Jin Cao","doi":"10.1163/22879811-12340049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Over the last millennium, the priority for imperial China’s parallel bimetallic monetary system shifted from copper cash to silver bullion, a development that gained momentum with the influx of New World silver during the sixteenth century. This trend was altered when the Qing government increased copper production in the Southwest, thus inaugurating China’s last copper century around 1705. This study focuses on those provinces where the wealth of China’s copper economy was created: Yunnan, where copper for the metropolitan mints in Beijing was mined under relatively strict governmental control; and especially Sichuan, which maintained China’s largest provincial mint and favored a more flexible cooperation between state and private structures. In these provinces, the interrelations between mining and minting can be observed most closely, the copper century lasted longer and showed a deeper impact, and the symptoms of its final crisis, like counterfeiting or coin debasement, became most apparent. This study aims to reassess our understanding of Chinese mint-metal mining and copper-coin production in practice and theory. It shows the importance of the internal market in huge land empires like China but also—through its interrelation with silver in the bimetallic system—its deep involvement in an increasingly integrated global economy.","PeriodicalId":41200,"journal":{"name":"Asian Review of World Histories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22879811-12340049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lead or Mercury, haifuki-hō or plata de azogue: the Environmental Dilemma in the History of Silver Refining 铅或汞，haifuki- hki或plata de azogue:银炼史上的环境困境

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340048

S. Guerrero

{"title":"Lead or Mercury, haifuki-hō or plata de azogue: the Environmental Dilemma in the History of Silver Refining","authors":"S. Guerrero","doi":"10.1163/22879811-12340048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the sixteenth century the Spanish Empire would find itself owner and conqueror of the largest deposits of primary silver and mercury in the world, a geopolitical conjunction which would lead to the use of mercury at an industrial scale in the production of plata de azogue (silver by mercury) from silver sulfide deposits found in the Americas. Thus, two refining processes, the millennia-old two-stage smelting process based on lead and high temperatures, and the upstart based on mercury sine igne (without fire), came to share in nearly equal parts the aggregate global production of silver from the sixteenth to the final decade of the nineteenth century. These processes relied on the extensive use of two of the heavy metals most toxic to humans, and their anthropogenic emissions to the environment have caused impacts lasting over subsequent centuries. However, the successful use of haifuki-hō (smelting-cupellation process) in Japan to produce silver from silver sulfide ores with 0.2 percent silver content demonstrates that the extensive use of mercury by Spanish refiners in the New World was not the consequence of the geochemistry or silver content of the ores.","PeriodicalId":41200,"journal":{"name":"Asian Review of World Histories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22879811-12340048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49163378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Rewriting World History in the Classroom: Pedagogical Dispatches from India 在课堂上改写世界历史——来自印度的教育派遣

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340053

Aparna Vaidik, Gwendolyn O. Kelly

引用次数: 0

Environmental History and World History: Developments in Congruence 环境史与世界史：融合发展

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340051

George Dehner

引用次数: 0

Africa and the Demographic Consequences of the Columbian Exchange 非洲和哥伦比亚大交换对人口的影响

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340046

E. Frankema

引用次数: 0

Cul-de-sac to the West: Human Rights and Hypocrisy between Turkey and Europe in the 1980s 西方的死胡同:20世纪80年代土耳其与欧洲之间的人权与虚伪

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340052

B. Sherry

{"title":"Cul-de-sac to the West: Human Rights and Hypocrisy between Turkey and Europe in the 1980s","authors":"B. Sherry","doi":"10.1163/22879811-12340052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the 1980s, over a million Iranian asylum seekers transited through Turkey on their way west, most moving through irregular migration channels. While much has been made of Turkey’s evolving role in more recent refugee crises, this literature neglects the importance of the 1980s Iranian refugee migrations in shaping the global refugee system. By connecting the story of the international human rights movement to the Ankara office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), this paper emphasizes the role of non-state actors. Based on research in the archives of the UNHCR, this paper argues that the UNHCR and Amnesty International used human rights as a tool to pressure Turkey to open its doors to Iranian refugees in the early 1980s, and that this tactic backfired when the West closed its own doors on refugees later in the decade. The result was the increased forcible return of refugees by Turkish authorities to Iran and newly restrictive asylum policies, which would shape refugee migrations through Turkey for decades. For millions of refugees, Turkey has served as transit hub on their journey west; in the 1980s, human rights hypocrisy made it a cul-de-sac.","PeriodicalId":41200,"journal":{"name":"Asian Review of World Histories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22879811-12340052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41579943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: a Gentleman (junzi) in the Academy 简介:书院君子

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340042

Bin Yang

引用次数: 0

Global History and New Polycentric Approaches: Europe, Asia and the Americas in a World Network System, edited by Manuel Perez Garcia and Lucio de Sousa 全球历史和新的多中心方法：世界网络体系中的欧洲、亚洲和美洲，Manuel Perez Garcia和Lucio de Sousa编辑

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340057

X. Hang

引用次数: 1

Historical Archaeology of Early Modern Colonialism in Asia-Pacific, edited by María Cruz Berrocal and Cheng-hwa Tsang 《亚太地区近代早期殖民主义的历史考古》，María, Cruz Berrocal, Cheng-hwa Tsang主编

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340056

Bin Yang

引用次数: 0

Big History, Geological Accumulations, Physical Economics, and Wealth 大历史、地质堆积、物理经济学和财富

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Asian Review of World Histories Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.1163/22879811-12340047

D. Flynn

{"title":"Big History, Geological Accumulations, Physical Economics, and Wealth","authors":"D. Flynn","doi":"10.1163/22879811-12340047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The unconventional model presented herein—Laws of Supplies and Demands— furnishes a view of the discipline of economics as both a social science and a physical science. This essay begins with Big History origins of Earthly mineral foundations upon which the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and today’s Computer Age were based, according to prominent geologist Walter Alvarez. Alvarez argues persuasively that geographical concentrations of specific productive inputs across Earth have been essential prerequisites for existence of all economic ages. This essay complements Alvarez’s focus upon economic inputs by extending consideration to geographical concentrations of economic outputs (goods). Mechanisms that explain concentrations of final goods in specific geographical locations across Earth comprise the core of the Laws of Supplies and Demands model. The flows-only orientation of conventional microeconomics (Laws of Supply and Demand) and conventional macroeconomics—both of which limit attention to time-dimensioned variables such as incomes and expenditures—is broadened to incorporate accumulations: wealth components (point-in-time-snapshots). By definition, services cannot be stocked, whereas goods accumulate as wealth components. The Laws of Supplies and Demands provide theoretical underpinnings for widespread interest today in empirical social science investigations of wealth accumulations and wealth distributions.","PeriodicalId":41200,"journal":{"name":"Asian Review of World Histories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22879811-12340047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4