Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia最新文献

{"title":"Evolución de los sistemas criptográficos desde la Edad Media a la Moderna","authors":"S. Kroll","doi":"10.15581/001.19.181-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.19.181-199","url":null,"abstract":"This article tries to describe the history of cryptology from Ancient to Early Modern times, paying special attention to the emerging of polyalphabetic ciphers. The author discusses three main reasons for this fast evolution of ideas in Early Modern Europe: the final implementation of the paper, the appearance of postal services and the beginning of modern diplomacy. The text concludes with an observation concerning the curious discrepancy between the actual use of ciphers and the evolution of new cryptologic technologies.","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"181-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La conversión de los reyes de Inglaterra en monarcas absolutos. La Reforma de Enrique VIII","authors":"Montserrat Jiménez Sureda","doi":"10.15581/001.19.345-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.19.345-362","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the assumption of the full concept of authority both in civil and in religious matters by the king Henry VIII of England. It bases the legitimacy of this appropiation on the precedent of the imperial pagan Rome and describes the action of the powers involved in the process: the king himself, the Parliament, the ecclesiastics and some intellectuals. Likewise, it intends to explain the impact that the condensation of powers in a sole symbol had over the subjects of the reign.","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"345-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El quiebro de la Segunda República","authors":"Ignacio Olábarri Gortázar","doi":"10.15581/001.19.491-514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.19.491-514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"491-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Venta de los Siete Secretos en el \"Quijote\" (I.16-17): Cide Hamete Benengeli y Jalal ad-Din Muhamad Rumi","authors":"F. D. Armas","doi":"10.15581/001.19.75-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.19.75-92","url":null,"abstract":"espanolTomando como punto de partida la fabula de la liebre y el leon en la obra de Jalal ad-Din Muhamad Rumi, se desvelan aqui siete secretos que se esconden en la venta en la primera parte del Quijote. Sebastian de Cova-rrubias define el secreto como «todo lo que esta encubierto y callado» y lo localiza en «lugar secreto donde no concurre gente». Pareceria entonces que la venta, sitio al que concurren muchos viajeros, seria un lugar totalmente opuesto al secreto. Pero Cervantes comprende muy bien que, siendo espacio donde se entrecruzan tantas personas, puede servir para esconderse o para esconder el secreto a plena vista; y para pasar el secreto de uno a otro. Ya que la venta en el Quijote es un sitio donde se pueden esconder y revelar tantos secretos, aqui solo se estudiaran los que se hallan en los capitulos 16 y 17. Cuatro son secretos que nos hacen reir y nos apartan de la verdad; y tres los que directamente ocultan algo casi innombrable. EnglishTaking as a point of departure the fable of the lion and the hare by Jalal ad-Din Muhamad Rumi, this essay seeks to discover seven secrets that are hidden at the inn in the first part of Don Quijote. Sebastian de Covar-rubias defines a secret as «anything that is hidden or silenced» and places it in «a secret location where few people are found». It would seem, then, that the inn, a place always filled with travelers, would be a place inimical for secrets. But Cervantes understands quite well that, being a space crisscrossed by so many people, it can be an ideal location to hide or to hide a secret in plain sight; and also to pass on a secret to one person to another. Since the inn is a place where so many secrets can be hidden and revealed, this essay will focus on chapters 16 and 17. Four secrets will make us laugh and will turn us away from the truth; while three will hide something almost unnamable.","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"75-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El secreto, esencia de la comedia lopesca-calderoniana, y su intensificación en Sor Juana","authors":"Susana Hernández Araico","doi":"10.15581/001.19.165-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.19.165-180","url":null,"abstract":"Secrets, the essence of drama as a genre since its classical origins, characterize Medieval popular theatre and tipify Lope's comedia which Calderon perfects. Reworking their theatrical heritage, Sor Juana carries this genre beyond the horizon of expectation, as she intensifies the techniques that generate the complication of secrets from the first act of both of her comedies, Los empenos de una casa («Pawns of a House») and Amor es mas laberinto («Love is a Greater Labyrinth»).","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El secreto como hilo dramático que enmaraña una acción trágica: Lope y Calderón","authors":"Isaac Benabu","doi":"10.15581/001.19.93-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.19.93-112","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl presente articulo considera por un lado el secreto como generador de tragedias y, por otro, al teatro como creador de «espacios oscuros» que proveen acciones, al parecer insolubles, y que producen tension dramatica. En su obra, y particularmente en las tragedias, Lope y Calderon crean un mundo en que la comunicacion cotidiana se contrapone a la claridad y a la transmision precisa de informacion, y el lenguaje entre los personajes pierde su funcion comunicativa para convertirse en medio de «descomunicacion». La aproximacion a las obras estudiadas aqui parte de una lectura teatral del texto dramatico, donde la palabra impresa contiene acotaciones que van mucho mas alla de lo impreso textualmente. EnglishThe present article considers, on the one hand, the secret as a generator of tragic plots and, on the other, theatre as the creator of «dark spaces» that supply actions, seemingly insoluble, which produce dramatic tension. In their plays, and particularly in their tragedies, Lope and Calderon create a world in which day-to-day communication compromises the unambiguous transmission of information, so that the language exchanged among characters loses its communicative function and becomes instead a medium of «discommunication». The approach to the plays studied here derives from a theatrical reading of the dramatic text, where words contain stage-directions which the printed page conceals.","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"93-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La cara oculta de la opinión pública. Avisos, pasquines y cartas interceptadas en la corte española del siglo XVII","authors":"Wolfram Aichinger","doi":"10.15581/VOL0ISS0PP%P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/VOL0ISS0PP%P","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl Barroco atrae la atencion hacia lo visible, lo espectacular y lo sancionado por el poder. Se empena en encauzar la percepcion de los subditos mediante las noticias oficialistas de las gacetas y en formar la memoria historica mediante pinturas, lapidas y relaciones de sucesos. Asi, los medios de comunicacion emergentes se suelen asociar con nociones positivas tales como noticia u opinion publica. Este estudio indaga el factor secreto como parte y contrapunto de la creacion de terrenos y estratos de informacion, desinformacion o tambien de lagunas informativas. De este modo intenta calibrar la compleja relacion entre noticia, poder y disidencia en los ambitos cortesanos y diplomaticos durante la minoria de edad y el ascenso al gobierno de Carlos II. Se centrara en tres fenomenos: el pasquin, recurso eficaz en la manipulacion de la imagen del poder; el aviso, canal que permite eludir el control de la informacion anhelado por los personajes dominantes de la corte; la carta particular, portadora de datos valiosos, expuesta siempre a las asechan-zas de enemigos o vendedores de secretos. Finalmente, se relacionaran los progresos y cambios en la difusion de noticias con la cambiante percepcion del «presente» y con los «mundos» patentes, secretos o imaginados en el teatro. EnglishThe Baroque Age calls attention to spectacle and power. It directs perception through official news in gacetas and forms historical memory through paintings, tombstones or relaciones de sucesos. Thus, communication media are usually associated with positive notions like «news» or «public opinion». This essay studies secrecy as part and counterpoint in the creation of zones of information, disinformation or informational lacunae at the Madrid court during the childhood and early reign of Charles II. It will focus on three phenomena: the pasquin as an efficient tool for manipulating the image of rulers and their ministers; the aviso as a means of avoiding the control of information governments sought to impose; the private letter as a vessel of most valuable information and therefore subject to enemy attacks. Finally, the study will relate changes in the distribution of news to a new perception of the present and its reflec-tions in the imagined, secret or possible worlds acted out in theatre.","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"17-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67101260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El motivo del volcán en el imaginario calderoniano: algunas notas para una teoría del secreto","authors":"Alicia Vara López","doi":"10.15581/001.19.293-310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.19.293-310","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSon muchos los personajes de Calderon que manifiestan la dificultad de guardar un secreto, en contra de la humana tendencia a las quejas y a la liberacion, asi como de las presiones externas que inciden en su revelacion. Entre las numerosas expresiones que aluden a esta lucha entre la contentio y el desbordamiento destaca de una manera especial la metafora volcanica por su proliferacion, su fuerza dramatica y su destacable artificiosidad. El examen y clasificacion de un numero representativo de pasajes que contienen dicha imagen permitira vislumbrar sus conexiones iconicas, conceptuales y emotivas tanto en la sociedad barroca como en el marco teorico del secreto. EnglishMany Calderonian characters find difficult to keep a secret against the human tendency to complaints and release, as well as external pressures that influence their revelation. Among the many expressions referring to this struggle between contentio and overflow highlights in a special way the volcanic metaphor because of its proliferation, its dramatic strength and remarkable artificiality. This paper examines and classifies a representative number of passages which contain the image in order to glimpse its iconic, conceptual and emotional connections, related to Baroque society and the theoretical framework of secrecy.","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"19 1","pages":"293-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conocer para comprender: identidad, escritura, violencia (Una aproximación a la mirada de Adonis)","authors":"R. Lillo","doi":"10.15581/001.18.95-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.18.95-123","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe expone la perspectiva del escritor siro-libanes Adonis a partir de su ensayo La musica de la ballena azul (2002), centrandose en los siguientes puntos: Relaciones occidente/mundo arabe, Globalizacion y «Espatiempos» compartidos (Mediterraneo y Alandalus). EnglishThe author presents the view of Adonis, the Syrian-Lebanese writer, from his essay The music of the blue whale (2002). She focuses in the following aspects: Relationships the West/Arab world, Globalization and shared “Places-times” (the Mediterranean and Alandalus).","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"18 1","pages":"95-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El mundo de los Rum para los otomanos: el caso de la rivalidad entre Kanunî sultán Süleyman y Carlos V","authors":"M. Ibarra","doi":"10.15581/001.18.71-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15581/001.18.71-94","url":null,"abstract":"The confrontation between Charles V and Suleiman the Magnificent is useful to compare two forms of power, two ways of understanding the State and the Empire, completely different. Moreover, although the historiography has been involved in tracing the image of the Sublime Porte, from the perspective of the West, we know less about the image built by the Ottoman about kingdoms and European powers. For the Ottoman chroniclers, the power of the Sultan was superior in every way, and showed a general contempt for the Christian princes, especially to the Emperor.","PeriodicalId":41179,"journal":{"name":"Memoria y Civilizacion-Anuario de Historia","volume":"18 1","pages":"71-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}