Aktualnosci Neurologiczne最新文献

{"title":"Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in\u0000 supporting the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases","authors":"K. Belowska-Bień, B. Bień","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The first two decades of the 21st century have seen great advances in artificial\u0000 intelligence and machine learning. The techniques have found their way into everyday\u0000 life, for example in smartphones, search engines, digital customer assistants, motion\u0000 control systems, and biomedical devices. The aims of this paper are to outline the\u0000 possibilities for using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in\u0000 supporting the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, and to discuss selected\u0000 applications of these techniques based on the most recent published reports. First,\u0000 contemporary definitions of artificial intelligence and machine learning are presented.\u0000 This is followed by a review of the most important techniques for intelligent data\u0000 processing: search methods, mathematical logic, probabilistic methods, classifiers, and\u0000 artificial neural networks (including deep and convolutional networks). Areas of\u0000 application of these techniques in medicine are identified, including disease diagnosis\u0000 and support of treatment as well as monitoring and prediction of changes in health\u0000 status. The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in neuroscience is\u0000 presented, together with examples of diagnostic applications based on anatomical,\u0000 morphological and functional brain connectivity data. Sample applications of intelligent\u0000 techniques in supporting the treatment (including surgical management) of nervous system\u0000 diseases are also described. Ambient smart devices monitoring the health status of\u0000 patients with chronic neurological conditions are discussed, and selected projects based\u0000 on smart techniques to support early detection of symptoms of neurodegenerative\u0000 disorders are described. The conclusions highlight the potential of the techniques, as\u0000 well as the challenges and risks associated with them. A possible synergy between\u0000 intelligent systems and actions taken by medical staff is outlined as a way to improve\u0000 the safety and quality of life of patients with acute and chronic neurological\u0000 diseases.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic pitfalls in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","authors":"Michalina Jasiak-Zatońska, S. Michalak, W. Kozubski, A. Kalinowska-Łyszczarz","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are autoimmune disorders of the central\u0000 nervous system marked by inflammatory demyelination, axonal loss and astrocytopathy,\u0000 associated with lesions in the brain and in the spinal cord and with the presence of\u0000 antibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4-IgG). Various studies on neuromyelitis optica\u0000 spectrum disorders broaden the knowledge about their immunopathogenesis, clinical\u0000 course, immunological assays, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Nevertheless, in\u0000 clinical practice differential diagnosis remains challenging, particularly in cases\u0000 seronegative for AQP4-IgG. Essential clinical syndromes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum\u0000 disorders, namely optic neuritis and acute myelitis, could also be observed in multiple\u0000 sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. The early and\u0000 accurate diagnosis is essential due to different prognosis and treatment strategies in\u0000 these diseases. For example, therapies used in multiple sclerosis, including\u0000 beta-interferons, natalizumab, fingolimod and alemtuzumab, may not only be ineffective\u0000 in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders but even harmful and provoke relapses.\u0000 Therefore, in a patient with a clinical neurological syndrome accompanied by\u0000 demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system several investigative studies should\u0000 be undertaken, including serological assays [AQP4-IgG, antibodies against myelin\u0000 oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-Ab)], the cerebrospinal fluid examination and magnetic\u0000 resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord, and interpreted with caution. Due to\u0000 clinical similarities and relatively common misdiagnoses, there is a need to summarise\u0000 the typical and atypical clinical, laboratory and radiographic features in neuromyelitis\u0000 optica spectrum disorders to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and inappropriate\u0000 treatment.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy combined with\u0000 botulinum toxin injection in patients with cerebral palsy – a scoping review","authors":"Aleksandra Piętka, Julia Stochel, Martyna Galicka, Ewa Dudek, Natalia Szpalerska, Iwona Walecka, J. Gąsior","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Both constraint-induced movement therapy and botulinum toxin\u0000 injection are well-researched and described therapeutic interventions in the group of\u0000 patients with cerebral palsy. One of the main symptoms of damage to the central nervous\u0000 system is excessive muscle tension, which may limit, among many other things, the\u0000 manipulative and grasping skills of the upper limb. The most appropriate approach in\u0000 patients with hemiplegia seems to be one that is aimed at enabling and then facilitating\u0000 the use of the less functional limb. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy\u0000 of constraint-induced movement therapy combined with botulinum toxin injection in\u0000 paediatric patients with cerebral palsy. Methods: In order to determine the efficacy of\u0000 botulinum toxin injection combined with constraint-induced movement therapy, the PubMed\u0000 medical database was searched using the following keywords: “botulinum toxin” and\u0000 “constraint-induced movement therapy.” The inclusion criteria were the following: only\u0000 papers in English and relating to paediatric patients. The literature review was based\u0000 on the PRISMA Statement guidelines. Results: As a result of the database search, a total\u0000 of 32 articles were found, of which four met the inclusion criteria. The protocols of\u0000 all studies varied both in terms of the daily dose of training and the duration of\u0000 therapy. Discussion: The combination of constraint-induced movement therapy with\u0000 botulinum toxin injection allows for more frequent and effective use of the directly\u0000 affected hand in children with cerebral palsy. A longer-lasting constraint-induced\u0000 movement therapy with a lower intensity brings better results than a shorter-lasting\u0000 therapy with a higher intensity. A significant improvement was observed for the grip\u0000 assessment (functional assessment and Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test – QUEST\u0000 scale) and in the Goal Attainment Scaling – GAS results.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Close patient observation and electroencephalography play an important role in the diagnosis of rare diseases. Presentation of a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease","authors":"M. Wiszniewska, Andrzelika Domagalska","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rare, progressive spongiform encephalopathy caused by infectious proteins called prions. It is characterised by rapidly progressive dementia accompanied by cerebellar, visual, extrapyramidal, and pyramidal symptoms, as well as myoclonus and mutism in later stage of the disease. The most common type is sporadic Creutzfeldt– Jakob disease, accounting for 85% of all cases. Treatment of the disease is symptomatic. An important role in making the diagnosis is attributed to the observation of the patient and electroencephalography, showing characteristic cyclical discharges. We present the case of a patient whose first symptoms were psychiatric in nature, and who was diagnosed with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease based on careful observation, presence of myoclonus, and repeated electroencephalography examinations in which typical 1–2 seconds of sharp and slow wave discharges appeared. By presenting this case of severe progressive encephalopathy, we would like to highlight the fact that even in the age of modern diagnostic methods, electroencephalography, which has been in use for many years, may be crucial in the diagnostic process. We would also like to point out that the initial symptoms of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease may suggest a psychiatric disorder.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multiple sclerosis patient’s journey model in Poland – future tasks","authors":"M. Gałązka-Sobotka, J. Gierczyński, J. Gryglewicz, K. Rejdak, J. Sławek, A. Słowik, M. Adamczyk-Sowa, A. Kułakowska, M. Wieczorek, H. Bartosik-Psujek","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of the diagnostic and therapeutic processes and optimal use of resources in the context of health care system specificity accelerate the diagnosis and treatment onset, as well as improve the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. International experience and data from clinical practice in Poland gave rise to a number of guidelines for the needed measures, from increasing the awareness about multiple sclerosis among the society and doctors in general, through expanding outpatient medical care, to proposing a model network of healthcare centres dedicated to patients with multiple sclerosis. It was pointed out that there is a need for a network of clinics specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS clinics) and centres for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment, with a higher reference level and all the competences of an MS clinic, and, at the same time, providing both consultations in difficult clinical cases and access to the most advanced diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Attention was also drawn to the need to use modern e-health tools, which should improve the diagnostic and therapeutic process, as well as tighten the coordination of care by enabling an effective exchange of information between the patient and the entire interdisciplinary team involved in the therapeutic process.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic stimulation in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia – a case report","authors":"J. Pasek, J. Gmyrek, G. Cieślar","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes zoster (shingles) is an acute infectious viral disease that may develop in individuals who have previously had chickenpox. Unlike chickenpox, shingles is more likely to occur in adults, with the risk increasing with age. The paper presents treatment outcomes in a 63-year-old patient with severe thoracic pain persisting for 5 weeks. The treatment included 15 sessions of magnetic stimulation using a low induction variable magnetic field, performed once a day, which allowed to significantly reduce pain, as assessed using the Laitinen Pain Scale. The inclusion of magnetic stimulation as an element of comprehensive therapy also improved the patient’s quality of life, as assessed with EuroQol (a score of 25 before the therapy vs. 65 after the therapy).","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of post-stroke cognitive dysfunction on driving ability","authors":"Agata Rost, Emilia J. Sitek, A. Tarnowski","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to present the current views on the impact of post-stroke cognitive deficits on driving ability, and diagnostic assessment practices in this area. Firstly, the neuropsychological consequences of stroke are briefly presented. This part focuses specifically on visuospatial and executive dysfunctions. Among those dysfunctions, unilateral neglect, especially as it is frequently associated with anosognosia, may have the greatest impact on driving ability, leading to an increased accident risk. Then, different approaches to assessing fitness to drive after stroke are presented, including on-road testing, testing with the use of simulator, and clinical assessment focusing on cognition. The role of cognitive assessment in predicting fitness to drive is described in more detail. The Clock Drawing Test is the most appropriate screening measure in this context, as it engages both visuospatial and executive functions. The Trail Making Test is the most popular working memory test in the context of drivers’ assessment, as it requires visual search and psychomotor speed. The Rey Complex Figure Test is another commonly used test. It requires visuospatial and executive functions, and may also serve as a measure of visuospatial memory. Finally, the legal aspects of the assessments are discussed with reference to the practices used in Great Britain, Belgium, Sweden, and Germany. In Poland, there are no detailed standards for post-stroke fitness-to-drive assessment.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47870951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and management in dementia – recommendations","authors":"A. Barczak, T. Gabryelewicz","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis of dementia and further management of patients are based on the latest recommendations developed by European and global organisations dealing with the diagnosis and standards of treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Using useful and practical diagnostic methods, as well as the results of the latest additional tests and differential tools, a modern approach allows for a relatively quick diagnosis and implementation of recommended treatment. In addition to dementia in the course of Alzheimer’s disease, the paper presents recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases including vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, dementia in Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and atypical parkinsonisms. Particular attention is given to the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease and the possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of this phase, not only in a specialised medical practice. The article discusses the principles of procognitive pharmacological management in dementia and in the case of neuropsychiatric problems: psychotic, behavioural, and mood disorders. The importance of non-pharmacological management, primarily diet and cognitive stimulation, is also highlighted. Patient care requires close cooperation between the doctor and the caregiver, who is as important as the patient, and satisfying the caregiver’s needs is a guarantee of better care for the patient. Specifically, caregivers should be supported in handling their medical, legal, and psychological problems resulting from the burden of caring for the patient.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":"187 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEURODIEM, your daily connection to neuroscience","authors":"W. Brola","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of running ability in children with cerebral palsy – a scoping literature review","authors":"Marta Pielak, Diana Pałasz, Magdalena Szmulkowska, Agata Pałka, Jakub S. Gąsior","doi":"10.15557/an.2021.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy present with diverse mobility abnormalities which are classified at the levels of structure and function and activity according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The authors of most studies on independent mobility in children with cerebral palsy have focused on gait abnormalities. The aim of this literature review was to analyse the running ability in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. A search of the PubMed database was performed using the terms “cerebral palsy” and “running.” Results: Children with cerebral palsy run at a lower speed compared to their healthy peers. They have a shorter stride length. The power generated by various muscle groups is different from that observed in typically developing children. This results in different kinematics and hence lower quality of running. Implementation of training focused on running as part of the rehabilitation process in children with cerebral palsy may bring positive results. Discussion: The ability of running is important not only to move quickly but also to participate in the activities of daily living performed by typically developing children. Because of that, it is advisable to incorporate elements of running training into the rehabilitation process in children with cerebral palsy, whenever possible.","PeriodicalId":41161,"journal":{"name":"Aktualnosci Neurologiczne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}