MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022最新文献

{"title":"Probing the mechanical properties of soft and hard biomaterials: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars and alligator teeth","authors":"Matty Sey","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010559","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical properties are essential to quantitatively characterize materials' intrinsic properties ranging from soft to rigid scales. It can effectively facilitate optimal material selection corresponding to their practical applications. Unlike mesoscale, microscale mechanical properties measure localized structural and fundamental components, which is especially superior for assessing materials with hierarchical or ultrastructural properties. This study aims to characterize localized mechanical properties of soft and hard materials: engineering polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars and alligator teeth. The stiffness of PDMS pillar arrays is designed by the solvent-casting method, a raw input parameter to calculate the twitch force of cardiac microtissues. The microstructure-associated mechanical properties of alligator teeth will provide crucial information on designing abrasion-resistant toughening materials. Nanoindentation tests were conducted using 50 µm conospherical and 100 nm Berkovich probes. An endoscope camera was used to detect probe-surface contact and capture the indentation process. Hertz and Oliver-Pharr models were applied to analyze stiffness and elastic modulus. The results demonstrated the stiffness of micropillars was 3.4 – 5.45 N/m. It also indicated a high structural-mechanical relationship for alligator teeth samples. This study reveals the fundamental role of the nanoindentation technique in reviewing micromechanical properties and localized deformation behavior.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125869626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic Cellulose-based Biocomposites","authors":"Zion Michael","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010562","url":null,"abstract":"Biological structures such as termite nests, silk worm cocoons and honey bee combs integrate material, structure and form to produce biodegradable polymers and composites. Synthetic production of biomaterials through additive or woven processes has failed to achieve comparable material properties to their natural counterparts. For example, cellulose-based biocomposites have markedly less strength and toughness than cellulose micro and nanofibers found in nature. Termites produce a cellulose-based composite called “Carton” which serves as construction material for their nests. The process by which termites produce Carton is similar to the manufacturing process for electrospun cellulose fibers. Studying how termites produce Carton, a functionally driven material, can inform a design methodology for synthetic production of biomaterials. Here we characterize material composition of Carton by conducting Raman spectroscopy on samples produced by two termite varieties. By leveraging the knowledge accumulated from millenia of evolution we can use nature as a design template for novel material production.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122785769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image Analysis for SWNT Growth on Shutter Sputtered Catalyst","authors":"Rebekah Arias","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010568","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in remarkable ways since their discovery in 1991 by Sumio Iijima. Properties such as high thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity are what make CNTs attractive. Some of their applications include water filtration, vehicles, energy storage, and now there is great potential in the biomedical field for CNTs as composites in tissue engineering, therapeutics carrier across the blood-brain barrier, cancer treatment, and much more. The issue that comes with Single-Walled Nanotubes (SWNTs) however is Ostwald ripening of catalyst and low CNT production. It is difficult to control gas parameters for hydrogen and argon and can be dangerous in a smaller lab, so acetylene without dilution gas is used. The method proposed here utilizes shutter sputtering of Iron on a th-SiO2/AlO substrate, followed by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for annealing. Shutter sputtering allows greater particle adhesion to the substrate due to wavelength and energy changes, allowing smaller catalysts to grow and a greater possibility of long SWNTs. We compare the effects of Ostwald ripening on catalysts formed onCarbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in remarkable ways since their discovery in 1991 by Sumio Iijima. Properties such as high thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity are what make CNTs attractive. Some of their applications include water filtration, vehicles, energy storage, and now there is great potential in the biomedical field for CNTs as composites in tissue engineering, therapeutics carrier across the blood-brain barrier, cancer treatment, and much more. The issue that comes with Single-Walled Nanotubes (SWNTs) however is Ostwald ripening of catalyst and low CNT production. It is difficult to control gas parameters for hydrogen and argon and can be dangerous in a smaller lab, so acetylene without dilution gas is used. The method proposed here utilizes shutter sputtering of Iron on a th-SiO2/AlO substrate, followed by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for annealing. Shutter sputtering allows greater particle adhesion to the substrate due to wavelength and energy changes, allowing smaller catalysts to grow and a greater possibility of long SWNTs. We compare the effects of Ostwald ripening on catalysts formed on a Fe shutter sputtered substrate annealed at 730°C and another at 760°C, in order to identify the correlation between the size and distance of catalyst particles for SWNT growths through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) image analysis. a Fe shutter sputtered substrate annealed at 730°C and another at 760°C, in order to identify the correlation between the size and distance of catalyst particles for SWNT growths through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) image analysis.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114160812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Treatment of Polyester Fabric with Atmospheric Pressure Plasma","authors":"Srujana Yellapragada","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010563","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fabric, a recycled synthetic fiber, has been frequently studied to innovate increased usage in both the clothing and medical industry. Some include ways to dye the fabric so that it can be commercially used for the purpose of environmental conservation from frequent discard of nonrecyclable fabric. Some biomedical applications involve the application of plasma treatment to reduce bacteria adhesion and improve anti-bacterial properties on the fabric. However, neither has been successful due to a lack of understanding of the surface modification of PET fabric to enable such properties. The hypothesis is that hydrophobicity is an issue in this study. The goal is to modify the surface of PET cloth to obtain a hydrophilic property through atmospheric-pressure plasma surface modification. Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma irradiation is a technique involving the electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating barrier. At a constant peak voltage, the smoothly flowing argon gas is turned into plasma, and the plasma is applied to the PET cloth surface. New functional groups are made or altered and attached to the surface layer which changes the character of the membrane but not its bulk properties. This study analyzes and reports on changes in surface hydrophobicity. This process tested three parameters followed by the water contact angle, XPS, and FTIR analysis. PET fabric successfully gains a hydrophilic property through plasma treatment along with consistency in the results of surface modification from FTIR and XPS. However slight differences in results still do appear which must be further analyzed.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114437034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous Vehicle for Asphalt Laying","authors":"Gilberto Gonzalez","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010566","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles are constantly being developed and are gaining recognition from many industries to improve workplace safety and efficiency. This project intends to weaken the barrier that prevents the usage of autonomous vehicles in the workplace. To move toward this objective, this project focuses on developing a computer vision system for an autonomous utility vehicle that lays asphalt. The goal of this project is to directly address the issue of the high number of potholes in our driving roads, which create a dangerous and hazardous environment for persons that utilize motorized and non-motorized vehicles on roads. The vehicle’s computer vision system will be executed using a stereo depth camera sensor and will be primarily focused on two factors: detecting and driving toward potholes with high accuracy and avoiding common workplace objects, such as persons, equipment, etc. A deep-learning neural network with custom-trained data of more than 4000 images is currently being utilized to detect a test target with up to 85% confidence; we intend to utilize the same deep-learning model to train data for accurately detecting potholes. The vehicle distinguishes nearby objects by utilizing the depth detection features of the camera. This project has the potential of obtaining several implications. Creating better quality roads, improving workplace safety, and increasing production/efficiency are all results that may flourish through successful execution and implementation of this project.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115412109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture strength of multi-component ultra-high temperature carbides","authors":"Gia Garino","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010564","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have emerged as a promising material for next generation re-entry hypersonic vehicles due to high melting point (>3000 °C), and high mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. Yet none of the unary UHTCs can satisfy the whole gamut of demanding requirements for aerospace applications. Recently, the single-phase solid-solution formation in a multi-component ultra-high temperature ceramic (MC-UHTC) materials have gained interest due to their superior thermo-mechanical properties compared to conventional UHTCs. Herein, a systematic approach was used to fabricate binary (Ta, Nb)C, ternary (Ta, Nb, Hf)C, and quaternary (Ta, Nb, Hf, Ti)C UHTCs by gradual addition of UHTC components via spark plasma sintering (SPS). Fracture strength of the samples was measured using 4-point bend testing to understand the effect of UHTC components on the failure behavior of MC-UHTCs. A high-speed camera was also used to visualize and record the failure in each sample. The results showed that the quaternary UHTC has a fracture strength of ~351 MPa, which is ~227% and 10% higher than binary and ternary samples, respectively. Enhancement in the fracture strength has been attributed to increase in the entropy of a MC-UHTC with gradual addition of UHTC component. The present findings promote MC-UHTCs as a candidate damage tolerant structural material for aerospace applications.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127198482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gopher Tortoise Seed Dispersal Monitoring","authors":"Bryan Torres Garcia","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010561","url":null,"abstract":"Gopher tortoises are native to Florida and vital to the ecosystem due to the underground boroughs they build, which provide shelter to other animals, and for their key role in seed dispersion. In order to improve our understanding of the role of gopher tortoises on biodiversity, we aim to investigate the digestive track of gopher tortoises. Data on seed dispersion distance and gut retention time are critical to effective and efficient endangered plant species conservation efforts. In a multidisciplinary project between Department of Earth and Environment, College and Engineering, and the Miami Zoo, we are fabricating an ingestible device to monitor and map the digestive tract of gopher tortoises. The device needs to be properly encapsulated to prevent any harm to the animal. Device encapsulation has been developed, but requires extensive validation before deployment. To mimic the passage of the device and the effect of the gut, device encapsulation is tested on small plastic beads. The integrity of the coating is analyzed by measuring the cross-section thickness. In addition, UV-Vis was used to quantify scratches in the coating. Enclosure for the external trackers were designed and 3D printed to hold in place an external device that serves as a logger and aids in data transmission, placed on the tortoise's shell.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115828159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Bone Scaffold for Pediatric Bone Defects Using 3D Printing","authors":"Amy Ramos-Homs","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010560","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric bone defects, requiring surgical interventions and implants, include malignant and nonmalignant bone tumors and trauma fractures. Malignant bone tumors (MBT), such as Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, are aggressive primary cancers that affect growing adolescent bones (10- to 19-year-olds) and require complex reconstruction due to large bone excision during surgical interventions. Pediatric bone fractures requiring surgical interventions peak in 10- to 14-year-olds and are a major public health concern in the US with an impact on patients, parents, and healthcare costs of approx. 350 billion. These diseases require bone tissue replacement in changing bones. Bone reconstruction and medical implant design for growing pediatric bones have unique challenges due to active growth and there is a greater need for active, resorbable, and patient-specific implants to prevent growth impediments. The current available pediatric implant is limited in addressing these needs and is primarily addressed by static metallic implants designed for adults. We plan to work towards the design and synthesis of a bone scaffold by modifying a CAD model considering the size of the porosity in the structure of the pediatric bone. This modified model will be 3D printed and subjected to tests to evaluate the strength and composition of the scaffold. Afterwards, the scaffold is used for cell culture in hopes of eliciting cellular response for bone formation and cell regeneration, since a key factor to assess is whether the scaffold will grow with the bone, or the bone will grow with the scaffold. This is done to support the attachment of cells on the surface of the bone to actively support bone modeling processes under structural changes of growing bones.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116394990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing of lunar regolith based ceramics via the DLP method","authors":"R. Vasquez","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010565","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic parts generally have poor machinability due to their high hardness and high brittleness. Researchers and industries have overcome the difficulty of machining ceramics and have manufactured parts with intricate geometry by using pre-ceramic polymers in stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing and using slurries based on ceramic powder and photopolymer resin in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, among other methods. This presentation will discuss the processes involved in the 3D printing of ceramic and ceramic composite parts via the DLP technique. A vital step in ceramic 3D printing is to optimize the printing parameters for a specific slurry formulation in hand. A systematic methodology to accomplish that step has been developed and can be adopted to 3D print any ceramic slurry. During the printing process in a DLP printer, the slurry solidifies into a 3D part layer-by-layer using UV light to cause photopolymerization in the resin, which hardens the resin and makes it function as glue holding ceramic particles in place. After printing and additional curing, parts are heat treated to remove the polymer present within them and to fuse the ceramic particles together. The key results include the printing of cubes with side length of 10 mm having complex features using a lunar regolith simulant named greenland anorthosite with and without graphene nanoplatelets as a reinforcement and the printing of one mold for dog bone samples using just greenland anorthosite having a length of 80 mm, width of 23 mm, and thickness of about 8 mm. In conclusion, complex ceramic parts and ceramic composites have been 3D printed applying the slurry optimization technique. The positive implication of this work is that more ceramic materials can be made available for applications demanding intricate shapes. A challenge for the future is to study the deformation experienced by 3D printed ceramics during sintering and to determine how to take that deformation into account in the part’s geometry so those parts can have desired dimensions after sintering.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129085798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CNT Metamaterial Fabrication 3D Printing Mask Process","authors":"Jose Rivero III","doi":"10.25148/mmeurs.010567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.010567","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for clean energy is rising with the global population. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, will play a key role in the years ahead. Solar energy has a key problem with energy storage as the energy produced during peak solar hours must be used immediately or stored. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have unique electrostatic properties, similar to metals, capable of producing and storing electric energy in the form of a capacitor. The CNTs are to be arranged in a pattern using 3D printing to generate a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) metamaterial. Past research has shown generating CNT SRR patterns is possible using a Focused Ion Beam (FIB). FIB allows for limited sample size to be patterned for CNT growth. On the other hand, 3D printed shadow masks enable SRR patterns on a larger sample size. Today’s 3D printing technology cannot achieve the same resolution as FIB patterning yet are capable of producing larger samples. In the present research, a 3D model of a shadow mask with the desired SRR pattern was created using Fusion 360 and printed using Phrozen Sonic Mini 8K 3D printer. For the CNT synthesis process, first, heat-treated Silicon Oxide substrate was placed into a RF magnetic sputtering to deposit the first catalyst film of Aluminum Oxide using Argon plasma. The sample then was removed from the chamber to place the mask on and placed back in to sputter an Iron catalyst layer. The sample was then taken to a thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber in which it was annealed to 730° C and afterwards exposed to acetylene gas to generate CNTs.","PeriodicalId":410907,"journal":{"name":"MME Undergraduate Research Symposium 2022","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132799503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}