Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Tourism - Sensible Tourism","authors":"W. Zyzak","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2015-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2015-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the issues related to travel and tourism, the development of this branch of service, and attempts to create alternative solutions to reduce this phenomenon’s dysfunctions. The introduction outlines the nineteenth century beginnings of tourism on the British Isles, including the setup of the first travel agency and the effects of increasing number of participants of mass tourism. The second section discusses the evolution from traveller to the tourist consumer of the commercial offer and social and environmental impacts of these changes. The third part presents the attempts to create alternatives to mass tourism with the adaptation of the rules resulting from the concept of sustainable development, and stressed the need for pro-environmental education.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"20 1","pages":"105 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cdem-2015-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66778685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Far is Environmental Engineering from Biomedical Engineering?","authors":"R. Zarzycki, Katarzyna Nawrotek","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2015-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2015-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of science, which has been observed in recent years, shows that engineering knowledge and activity are becoming more and more interdisciplinary. Up to the late 80-ties of the previous century, the experience and interest of engineers covered mainly hard sciences that directly followed their education. After this period, the engineering knowledge and solutions proposed in one discipline started to be applied successfully in other domains. This tendency can be seen especially in Biomedical Engineering, which development is based on achievements made in the rest of hard sciences, even if they seem to be as distant as Environmental Engineering.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"20 1","pages":"18 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of Emissions from Large Biogas Plants","authors":"J. Kříž, Lidmila Hyšplerová, M. Smolík, S. Eminger, Agáta Vargová, J. Keder, Radomír Srněnský, A. Dołhańczuk-Śródka, Z. Ziembik, M. Wacławek","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2015-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2015-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of the “Guidelines for the development of agricultural biogas plants in Poland within 2010-2020”, is a construction of biogas plants processing agricultural biomass resources with suitable conditions in each municipality. In the Czech Republic produces about 6.5% of energy from renewable sources. Biogas plants give - contrary to solar and wind electricity stations - the stable performance throughout the whole year. Biomass should be a key source for achieving the Czech EU commitment to produce 13% of energy from renewable sources in 2020. The experience, where 317 Agricultural biogas plants are currently in operation, has shown that there are considerable problems with a proper location of newly designed agricultural biogas plants in the landscape. The Czech-Polish border area is mainly flat wooded recreation region. For these reasons, the Gaussian model SYMOS’97 (version 2013), adapted for odour dispersion modelling from large agricultural sources is supposed to be suitable for this area. It is appropriate for training of students. For these reasons, students from the University of Hradec Kralove and the University of Opole in the frame of their academic exchange and professional internships are acquainted with the technological principles of biogas plants and in environmental mathematical and statistical modelling of the spread of emissions from large industrial and agricultural sources. In this article we present methods for education on these professional areas.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"20 1","pages":"49 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion of Alien Solidago Taxa into Urban Habitats: A Study of Selected Towns in Southern Poland","authors":"D. Chmura, Patrycja Dyba, Paulina Kraj, Natalia Peplińska, Agnieszka Pilorz, M. Roman","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Poland there are three invasive species of the genus Solidago native to North America. In the years 2010-2015 field survey in five tows in Oswiecim Basin and its vicinity was performed which aimed to examine frequency, habitat preferences and basic parameters of populations of these species. Amongst invasive goldenrods S. canadensis (79 localities) and S. gigantea (74) prevailed in the study area and are much more frequent than S. graminifolia (8). Populations of goldenrods were not very abundant and did not occupy large area, however, there were populations exceeding 500 m2 and that had more than 500 ramets except for S. graminifolia which occur at low densities. The Canadian goldenrod S. canadensis tended to occur more frequently in ruderal and segetal habitats than S. gigantea whereas S. graminifolia was encountered only at fallows. Both S. gigantea and S. canadensis were reported to occur in wetland habitats and sometimes formed monospecific stands what prove negative influence on biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"20 1","pages":"104 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66778185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escherichia Coli in Sewage Sludge - Detection Method / Escherichia Coli W Osadach Ściekowych - Metoda Wykrywania","authors":"A. Machnicka","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2014-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2014-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Escherichia coli is Gram-negative optionally anaerobic roads which belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family. Includes in a physiological bacterial flora of human and warm-blooded animals large intestine. Escherichia coli is being met in abiotic elements of the environment so as waters, wastewater, sewage sludge, soil and the food. This bacterium is showing the pathogenicity in named terms for the peoples, triggering diseases mainly: gastrointestinal tract and urinary. Quality and quantitative proposed detections method of the bacteria E. coli contains five/six steps: - appointment dry suspended solid, - preparation averaged, test of sample and resuscitation of bacteria, - making dilutions, - enrichment and differentiation in chromogenic-selective medium, - enumerating the amount of cfu E. coli in 1 g of a dry weight, - optionally, the biochemical identification Abstrakt Escherichia coli jest Gram-negatywną, względnie beztlenową pałeczką należącą do rodziny Enterobacteriaceae. Wchodzi w skład fizjologicznej flory bakteryjnej jelita grubego człowieka oraz zwierząt stałocieplnych. Spotyka się ją w elementach abiotycznych środowiska, takich jak wody, ścieki, osady ściekowe, gleba i żywność. Bakteria ta w określonych warunkach wykazuje chorobotwórczość dla człowieka, wywołując głównie schorzenia układów pokarmowego i moczowego. Proponowana metoda jakościowa i ilościowa wykrywania bakterii E. coli zawiera pięć/sześć etapów: - oznaczenie suchej masy osadu, - przygotowanie próbki uśrednionej i badawczej oraz przywrócenie bakteriom aktywności fizjologicznej, - wykonanie rozcieńczeń, - namnażanie i identyfikacja na podłożu chromogennym-selektywnym, - wyliczenie ilości jtk E. coli w 1 g suchej masy osadu, - opcjonalnie identyfikacja biochemiczna.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"19 1","pages":"79 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology of Moisture Measurement in Porous Materials Using Time Domain Reflectometry / Metodyka Prowadzenia Badań Wilgotności W Ośrodkach Porowatych Za Pomocą Reflektometrii W Domenie Czasu","authors":"Z. Suchorab, M. Widomski, G. Łagód, D. Barnat-Hunek, P. Smarzewski","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2014-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2014-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the description of measurement methodology of moisture transport in unsaturated porous materials using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique on the example of measurement of capillary uptake phenomenon in the sample of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). In the paper there are presented basic principles of the TDR method as a technique applied in metrology, its potential for measurement of moisture in porous materials like soils and porous building materials. Second part of the article presents the experiment of capillary rise process in the sample of AAC. Within the experiment moisture content was monitored in the sample exposed on water influence. Monitoring was conducted using TDR FP/mts probes. Preparation of the measuring setup was presented in detail. The TDR readouts post-processing, graphical presentations of the obtained results, short discussion and comparison of TDR readouts to gravimetric measurement were also presented. Abstrakt W artykule przedstawiono opis metodyki pomiaru transportu wilgoci w nienasyconych porowatych materiałach przy wykorzystaniu techniki Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) na przykładzie pomiarów zjawiska podciągania kapilarnego przez próbkę autoklawizowanego betonu komórkowego. Zaprezentowano podstawowe informacje na temat metody TDR jako techniki stosowanej w metrologii. Omówiono jej potencjał do pomiarów wilgoci w takich ośrodkach porowatych, jak gleby i porowate materiały budowlane. Druga część artykułu przedstawia eksperyment podciągania kapilarnego przez próbkę autoklawizowanego betonu komórkowego. W trakcie trwania eksperymentu monitorowano zmiany wilgotności w próbce wystawionej na oddziaływaniewody. Monitoring realizowano za pomocą sond TDR FP/mts. Rozdział „Materials and Methods” przedstawia szczegółowo przygotowanie stanowiska pomiarowego. W rozdziale „Results” podano odczyty miernika TDR przeliczone na wilgotność oraz zaprezentowano uzyskane wyniki w postaci graficznej. Zawarto w nim również krótką dyskusję wyników i porównanie odczytów TDR z pomiarami grawimetrycznymi.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"19 1","pages":"107 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cdem-2014-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Extraction Equilibria in the Reaction of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Activated Amino Acid Esters / Badanie Równowag Ekstrakcji W Reakcji Zasadowej Hydrolizy Aktywowanych Estrów Aminokwasów","authors":"V. S. Doroshkevich, O. V. Baranova, A. N. Shendrik, A. Doroshkevich, O. Lygina, S. Lyubchyk","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2014-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2014-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Correlation between observed kinetic effects of phase-transfer catalytic reaction of the alkaline hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl ester of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine-4 in the two-phase system chloroform-borate buffer pH = 10 and a content of ionic forms of catalyst was investigated. The phosphonium salts QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) shows high catalytic reactivity. Dependence of the reaction kinetics discussed in the framework of the extraction mechanism with a competitive extraction of a nucleophile ОН¯, nucleofuge 4-NO2C6H4O¯ and anion X¯ of the phase-transfer catalyst. Abstrakt Zbadano korelację pomiędzy obserwowanym efektem kinetycznym przejścia fazowego katalitycznej reakcji zasadowej hydrolizy estru 4-nitrofenylowego N-benzyloksycarbonylglycyny-4 w dwufazowym układzie chloroform-bufor boranowy, pH = 10, z zawartością jonowych form katalizatora. Sole fosfoniowe QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) wykazują wysoką aktywność katalityczną. Zależności kinetyki reakcji przeanalizowano w ramach mechanizmu ekstrakcji z konkurencyjną ekstrakcją nukleofilu ОН¯, grupą odchodzącą 4-NO2C6H4O¯ i anionem X¯ katalizatora przejścia fazowego.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"19 1","pages":"69 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cdem-2014-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soils Characteristics of Forest Phytocoenoses Occupied by Self-Regenerating Populations of Quercus Rubra in Silesian Upland / Właściwości Fizykochemiczne Gleb Na Stanowiskach Z Odnowieniem Dębu Czerwonego Na Wyżynie Śląskiej","authors":"D. Chmura","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2014-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2014-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Northern Red Oak is a tree species native to North America. In Polish flora it has status of invasive plants. In the years 2008-2011 autoecological studies were conducted aiming at examination on what type of soils the species tends to regenerate ie appearance of seedlings in the vicinity of maternal trees. In total 250 phytosociological relevés and 100 soil samples (400 soil subsamples) were collected. It was observed that majority stands (almost 80%) of Northern Red Oak occupy sites very strongly acid and strongly acid. In reference to pH in KCl results are a little different, however, sites with soil very strongly acid (pH = 4.1-5.0) and stronly acid (pH < 4.1) also predominate. The investigated soils were typified by very low values of magnesium (< 10 mg/1000 g), phosphorus (< 3 mg/100 g) and potassium (< 7 mg/100 g). Total nitrogen in studied sites dominated in two the lowest classes (> 0.25%). The sites of Q. rubra are rich in organic carbon. Almost 50% of all sites covers two highest classes of concentration of this element ie 4.0-8.0% and > 8.0%. Soils where seedlings of Northern Red Oak were encountered, were characterized by humus medium for mezotrophic and eutrophic broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous forests - more than 60% had ratio of carbon and nitrogen CN > 25. In several sites this ratio reached 50. The lower values in case of content of calcium and loss on ignition dominate. The studies showed that soils on which species grows and also spontaneously regenerates are typical for coniferous and mixed coniferous forests, however, in natural range Q. rubra is component of deciduous forests. It could be associated with the fact of more frequent introduction of Northern Red Oak into poorer sites than the consequence of its habitat requirements. Abstrakt Dąb czerwony Quercus rubra L. to gatunek północnoamerykański, introdukowany do Polski na początku XIX w. W polskiej florze ten gatunek drzewa ma status rośliny inwazyjnej. W latach 2008-2011 na obszarze Wyżyny Śląskiej prowadzono badania autoekologiczne m.in. w celu sprawdzenia, na jakich typach gleb gatunek ten ma tendencję do odnawiania się (tzn. w miejscach, gdzie pojawiają się siewki w sąsiedztwie drzew macierzystych). Zebrano ogółem ok. 250 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych oraz ok. 100 próbek glebowych. Stwierdzono, że pod względem odczynu gleby (pH w wodzie) stanowiska z dębem czerwonym prawie w 80% zajmują miejsca bardzo silnie kwaśne i silnie kwaśne. W stosunku do pH w KCl wyniki się różnią, ale wciąż przeważają miejsca o odczynie silnie kwaśnym (pH = 4,1-5,0) i bardzo kwaśnym (pH < 4,1) na korzyść tych pierwszych. Stanowiska z Q. rubra są zasobne w organiczne związki węgla. Prawie 50% stanowisk mieści się w dwóch ostatnich klasach zawartości tego pierwiastka, tj. 4,0-8,0% oraz > 8%. Azot ogólny wśród badanych miejsc dominował w niższej i średniej klasie (> 0,25%). Gleby, na których odnotowano siewki dębu czerwonego, charakteryzowały się humusem pośrednim dla mezotroficz","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"19 1","pages":"109 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cdem-2014-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chemical Theatre - Education, Entertainment / Teatr Chemiczny - Edukacja, Rozrywka","authors":"Z. Szydło","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Seven simple demonstration experiments are described in this article, which can be used by teachers of chemistry for a wide variety of audiences. In addition to detailed instructions for each experiment, important background information is given, thus enabling the demonstrations to become part of a profound learning experience, which is the primary aim of the chemical theatre. Abstrakt W niniejszym artykule autor opisuje siedem prostych doświadczeń chemicznych, które mogą być wykorzytywane przez nauczycieli chemii w różnych okolicznościach i dla różnych grup słuchaczy. Oprócz instrukcji do wykonywania doświadczeń, autor podaje szereg dodatkowych informacji, które umożliwiają podnoszenie poziomu spektaklu ze zwykłej lekcji chemii do głębokiego przeżycia - taki jest bowiem główny cel teatru chemicznego.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"19 1","pages":"29 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Main Controversies Over the Modernisation Process of the Ukrainian Higher Education System from the Perspective of Globalization / Główne Kontrowersje Procesu Modernizacji Systemu Szkolnictwa Wyższego Na Ukrainie W Aspekcie Globalizacji","authors":"M. Bąk","doi":"10.1515/cdem-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The most significant process of the modern civilization advancement is globalization. The crucial tendencies of the world educational system development aim at strengthening the main role of knowledge as a component of employee workshop, often much more precious than the material part, originating from the employer. In 1991, due to globalization processes, Ukraine abandoned the Soviet higher education model, following the international scenario of the higher education development. In the last few years some propositions for reforms of the above system have appeared. The Draft Law on Higher Education approved in December 2012 has made the situation less clear. Currently, the provisional Government of Ukraine declares an intention to tackle the situation properly. It seems necessary to conduct further work on the basis of certain fundamental assumptions and the experiences of countries trying to achieve the mentioned objectives in similar conditions, like Poland or the Czech Republic, etc. In all these countries there is a need for change in order to abandon huge hierarchic and administrative structures by organizing small, self-controlling as well as adaptive structures, and to rethink not only teaching methods but the whole legal environment and organizational principles. Abstrakt Globalizacja jest najbardziej znaczącym procesem w rozwoju współczesnej cywilizacji. Znalazło to odzwierciedlenie w głównych tendencjach rozwoju globalnego systemu edukacji, polegających na wzmocnieniu roli wiedzy jako zasadniczego składnika warsztatu pracy, często dużo cenniejszego niż część materiałowa, pochodząca od pracodawcy. W 1991 roku Ukraina porzuciła sowiecki model szkolnictwa wyższego, orientując się na progresywne, międzynarodowe rozwiązania. Projekty prawnych rozwiązań przyjęte w grudniu 2012 roku wywołały na Ukrainie wiele kontrowersji. Obecnie rząd tymczasowy zadeklarował uporządkowanie sytuacji w kierunku wdrożenia proeuropejskich standardów. Wzorowanie się na rozwiązaniach przyjętych w innych postsowieckich krajach, takich jak Polska lub Republika Czeska, może przynieść oczekiwane efekty, ale nie powinno być bezkrytyczne. Niektóre przyjęte w tych krajach biurokratyczne rozwiązania mogą bowiem zahamować procesy prorozwojowe i innowacyjne. Wymaga to ponownego przewartościowania i fundamentalnego przemyślenia nie tylko metod nauczania, ale i rozwiązań prawno-organizacyjnych przyjętych przy modernizacji szkolnictwa wyższego, prowadzących do porzucenia rozbudowanych administracyjnych struktur na rzecz stworzenia małych, adaptatywnych, samodzielnie zarządzanych organizacji.","PeriodicalId":41079,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology","volume":"19 1","pages":"59 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cdem-2014-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}