{"title":"Droop of the Fractional Turn Ratio Pulse Transformer","authors":"Gan Kong-yin, Li Ming, Shan Lijun, Hu Heping","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365236","url":null,"abstract":"In order to successfully design a solid-state modulator with the fractional turn ratio transformer for C band magnetron, the parameters of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer must be chosen carefully. The rise time and fall time of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer can be calculated the same as the traditional pulse transformer, but its droop cannot be calculated with traditional pulse transformer design methods. An equivalent circuit was derived to analyze the droop of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer; the circuit equation has been solved analytically in the article. The results show that the droop equals the reduced pulse width T (T = t/CRe ) in the first order approach, where t is the output pulse width, C is the store energy capacitor and Re is the equivalent load. In the second order approach, it is related with the magnetizing inductance of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer.","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114997222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sanders, S. Sampayan, G. Caporaso, M. Rhodes, J. Watson, K. Slenes, J. Jacquina, R. De La Fuenta, L. Thurmond
{"title":"Development of a Low Loss, High Dielectric Strength Microwave Substrate","authors":"D. Sanders, S. Sampayan, G. Caporaso, M. Rhodes, J. Watson, K. Slenes, J. Jacquina, R. De La Fuenta, L. Thurmond","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365240","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes a comparison of two candidate materials for pulse forming line fabrication with respect to bulk dielectric breakdown, frequency response of relative permittivity, and dielectric loss. One material is a commercially available microwave substrate material that can be procured in sheet form without a high voltage specification, while the other is a newly developed material that also comes in sheet form that can also be cast between the electrodes","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125099418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced Growth Rate of Tumors from Melanoma B16 Cells Exposed to Focused Shock Waves","authors":"P. Šunka, V. Stelmashuk, J. Beneš, P. Poučková","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365292","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a generator of two successive shock waves focused to a common focal point. Amplitude of the pressure waves reaches up to 100 MPa at the focus and the rarefaction waves of 25 MPa in amplitude produce cavitations. Schlieren photography of the focal region has demonstrated that interaction of the two successive shocks results in creation of a very complex pressure field at the focus and in creation of many secondary spherical short wavelength shocks originated in collapsing cavitations. Measurements of waveforms by the PVDF shock gauges at the focus indicated that the second wave is strongly attenuated with the increasing time delay between the shocks. Suspension of the melanoma cells B16 has been exposed to 150 and 600 of focused shock waves. Afterwards the cells have been inoculated to the inbred mice C57B16. Volume of the tumors growing from the exposed cells has been compared for 50 days with the tumors growing from the non exposed cells. We have demonstrated that the exposure of the melanoma B16 cells to the focused shock waves results in a reduced growth rate of the tumors. The reduced growth rate has been observed in both the 150 and 600 shocks trials, however, for the case of 600 shocks it was much more pronounced","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125905970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power Flow Management in a Diode-Directed Solid-State Marx Modulator","authors":"G. Dale, H. Kirbie","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365257","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing capability of solid-state components has resulted in their expanded use in high-power modulators. One concern in using solid-state switches in high-power modulators is the vulnerability of these switches to over-voltage transients. Protecting the switches is one of the many design challenges of solid-state modulators. Diode-directed Marx modulators have an ability to protect solid-state switches from over-voltage transients by routing the transient energy around the switches and returning it to the stage capacitors. The inherent switch protection capability of a diode-directed Marx modulator is described in this paper and experimental results are shown","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"405 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123258459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of 10 kV, 80 kA Si SGTO Switching Components for Army Pulsed Power Applications","authors":"T. Crowley, H. O’Brien, W. Shaheen","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365227","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Army Research Lab (ARL) is investigating the switching capabilities of advanced silicon devices for high current pulsed power applications. These solid state switches are intended to replace more traditional vacuum switches. The benefits of these switches are higher dl/dt, peak power levels and current densities, increased reliability and lifetime, and smaller switch volume. The peak current achieved by the device was 83.3 kA, with a 10% to 90% rise time of 3.5 mus while a 0.263 MA2s without failure. The peak power of the device during this test shot was 78.7 MW. ARL is collaborating with Silicon Power Corp. (SPCO) to evaluate super-GTO performance and improve upon switch/buss bar packaging for pulsed power applications","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"947 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123302855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. B. Pawelek, P. Wouters, A. Yan, E. V. van Heesch, Z. Liu, G. Winands, G. Brussaard, N. Debernardi, A. Kemper
{"title":"Design of Compact Transmission Line Transformer for High Voltage Nanosecond Pulses","authors":"D. B. Pawelek, P. Wouters, A. Yan, E. V. van Heesch, Z. Liu, G. Winands, G. Brussaard, N. Debernardi, A. Kemper","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365301","url":null,"abstract":"The area of pulsed-power technology covers a broad range of voltages and pulse durations. State of the art systems have voltages up to a few hundred kilovolts at pulse lengths down to the nanosecond range. Special applications require extreme field strengths in the range of 1 GV/m. The design of a compact source meeting the above requirement aims for 1 MV, 1 ns pulses. In this paper, we propose a concept for a novel compact transmission line transformer. To verify theoretical analyses and understanding, a model of the transmission line transformer has been simulated by time domain electromagnetic field solver. An optimized transmission line transformer has been built and first measurements have been performed. The equivalent simulation model agrees with the experimental results. The effect of secondary mode suppression by means of ferrite has been studied. Both simulations and experiments showed that ferromagnetic cores around each individual transmissions line in our design can be omitted","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125327954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Responses of Biological Liquid to High Intensity and Sub-Microsecond Pulsed Electric Fields","authors":"P. Chalise, B. Novac, I. Smith, M. Kong","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365293","url":null,"abstract":"In bacterial decontamination of liquid food, the use of a high-intensity sub-microsecond pulse electric field offers a number of advantages, including increased breakdown strength of the liquid medium being treated. We present a measurement of temporal response of a sub-microsecond voltage pulse to show both pre-breakdown and breakdown conditions of a bulk biological liquid to establish a parametric range in which electrical breakdown can be avoided. The paper reports sub-microsecond responses of current and voltage pulses, as well as dynamic impedance of the biological load, all of which are important in evaluating the performance of the pulsed electric technique in both cellular and bulk level","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122779485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Explosive Pulsed Power Source Based on Inductive Energy Storage Technology","authors":"S. Hao, W. Xie, Qi-zhi Sun, X. Gong, B. Ding","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365323","url":null,"abstract":"The study of an explosive pulsed power source based on inductive energy storage technology is presented in this paper. The power source consists of a capacitor bank used as the primary energy source, an explosive magnetic flux compression generator (MFCG), and an inductive energy storage power conditioning system with a low resistor load. A pulse voltage of over 400 kV with more than 200 ns duration and less than 50 ns rising time is obtained on a 10 load in experiment","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122795158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational Techniques for Pulsed Power Design","authors":"R. Spielman","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365179","url":null,"abstract":"As modern pulsed-power drivers increase in size and complexity, traditional experimentally based design techniques become impractical. A combination of computational capabilities is necessary for the timely and cost effective design of multi-MJ, 100-ns pulsed power generators operating above 6 MV and 20 MA. We describe the use of several codes needed to optimize the performance of the various pulsed power components in such a generator. The basic elements of machine design require: detailed circuit design codes, and 3-D electrostatic codes, in a 3-D electromagnetic codes/particle-in-cell codes. Circuit codes such as Screamer, Bertha, and PSpice are critically needed to optimize the overall performance of the generator by determining the circuit values of the individual generator components. Very fast codes are needed to complete this iterative solution. The 3-D electrostatic codes such as Coulomb, HiPhi, and Emphasis/Eiger are the workhorses of electrical design and provide the initial mechanical design of most of the high voltage components. Issues such as electric field grading, triple point shielding, electrical field shaping, and field enhancements are only a few of the design elements that must be considered. Electrostatic modeling is inadequate in situations where time- and space-dependent fields exist. In such cases, time-dependent electromagnetic calculations in three spatial dimensions are critical. Maxwell 3-D and Emphasis/Nevada can be used to model the time-dependent electromagnetic effects on critical accelerator elements such as gas switches and complex conducting structures. Using E&M PIC codes such as Quicksilver in 3-D, we can model the performance of vacuum insulator stacks, magnetically insulated vacuum transmission lines (MITLs), and vacuum convolutes. Critical issues include vacuum electron flow, electron losses, and convolute magnetic field nulls. We present examples of real world calculations using these tools on state-of-the-art pulsed power designs","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128371051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sampayan, G. Caporaso, Y. Chen, G. Guethlein, J. Harris, S. Hawkins, C. Holmes, M. Krogh, S. Nelson, W. Nunnally, B. Poole, M. Rhodes, D. Sanders, K. Slenes, J. Sullivan, L. Wang, J. Watson
{"title":"Developmeno f Compact Pulsed Power for thet Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA)","authors":"S. Sampayan, G. Caporaso, Y. Chen, G. Guethlein, J. Harris, S. Hawkins, C. Holmes, M. Krogh, S. Nelson, W. Nunnally, B. Poole, M. Rhodes, D. Sanders, K. Slenes, J. Sullivan, L. Wang, J. Watson","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365271","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing compact pulsed power systems for various defense missions. Although the system is primarily intended for pulsed radiography, its modularity makes it well suited for compact neutron sources for explosives detection and as an HPM driver for various DOD missions. To date, we have performed extensive research at the component level and are now pursuing the integration of the technology into a single accelerator cell. Cost is <$0.50/volt. As part of this effort, we are also pursuing advanced development of high specific energy dielectrics (>10J/cm3), specialized transmission line designs, HGI insulator technology, multi-gap low jitter (<1 ns) switches, and high voltage SiC photoconductive switching. We detail the progress of our overall research to date, recent high voltage test results, and the integration concept into a compact accelerator cell","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129425759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}