{"title":"Cognitive Adaptive Array Processing (Caap) - Adaptivity Made Easy","authors":"E. Brookner","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020797","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Adaptive Array Processing (CAAP) is adaptive array jammer cancellation which makes use of information gathered about the jammer. With CAAP the jammer cancellation can be done with dramatically less processing, with orders of magnitude fewer training samples and with less degradation of the antenna sidelobes. With digital beam forming (DBF) now being more widely used CAAP becomes more feasible to implement. Its time has come. It should be looked at. The results are presented in tutorial form without heavy math. Instead physical explanations are given for these results. The CAAP technique makes use of the information available as to where the jammers are rather than assuming their location is not known as done for the classical sample matrix inversion (SMI) method. This is reminiscent of the Knowledge Aided-STAP (KA-STAP) technique used by DARPA. In many cases no interference covariance matrix inversion is needed and when needed the matrix size is reduced by orders of magnitude and in turn the computation of its matrix inverse. This method reduces the 10 to 30 dB antenna sidelobe degradation usually resulting from using the SMI method. The advantages re the use of diagonal loading (DL) and the principal component (PC) techniques are also addressed. The CAAP technique lends itself well to conventional and MIMO array systems when digital beam forming is used which is the future trend.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130866517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rathod, Anant Raut, A. Goel, K. Sreenivasulu, K. S. Beenamole, K. Ray
{"title":"Novel FPGA based T/R Module Controller for Active Phased Array Radar","authors":"S. Rathod, Anant Raut, A. Goel, K. Sreenivasulu, K. S. Beenamole, K. Ray","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020861","url":null,"abstract":"The current state-of-art technologies being researched upon globally for the various functionalities like Radar, Communication, Electronics Warfare, etc., have super components that performs similar functionalities. The Active Antenna Array Unit of modern Active Phased Array Radars consists of Radiating elements, Transmit/Receive (T/R) Modules and associated RF & Digital electronics. This paper explores the existing technologies and suggests improvements for the development of futuristic Active Phased Array Radars. FPGA based T/R Module Controller (TRMC) interfaces with the higher level controller over the Low Voltage Differential Signaling. The TRMC which controls $T$/R module is internally divided into three major sub blocks namely the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) logic, Decoding logic and Control logic. The controller also provides real time status of critical components of the T/R Module, such as DC power supply temperature, forward power monitoring, reverse power monitoring etc. In proposed architecture we have used suitable Xilinx FPGA and achieved a switching time of <50ns. The realized unit has improved efficiency, reliability and compact without compromising the electrical parameters of T/R Module functionalities. Modern long range Active Array Radar systems are built with large number of solid state T/R Modules for realization of high power aperture product. These radars with multi-function capability require faster target update rates as well as low side lobe levels. For realization of large power aperture multiple T/R Modules are packaged in a single housing. The electronic scanning as well as low side lobe levels are achieved by controlling phase and amplitude of T/R Modules distributed in Active phased Array Radars. As a part of research, several TRMs have been realized, tested, qualified and integrated successfully with the Active Phased Array Radar.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130948311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D ISAR Imaging Algorithm Based on Amplitude Monopulse Processing at W Band","authors":"R. Raj, C. Rodenbeck, J. B. Beun, R. Lipps","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020743","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging algorithm for performing high resolution three dimensional (3D) imaging of moving targets at millimeter wave (MMW). The algorithm takes full advantage of the available spatial modalities resulting from an amplitude monopulse antenna configuration designed to operate over the 92–96 GHz band. Using the simulated antenna patterns, this novel ISAR approach accurately estimates the 3D spatial locations of the scatterers in the scene and can operate robustly at relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. The approach should be broadly useful for generating high resolution imagery in long range MMW monopulse tracking radars.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133094886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decheng Wu, Nanjie Lv, H. Cao, Jin Fan, Lisheng Yang, Shi-zhong Yang
{"title":"Focal-Field Reconstruction for Astronomical Transients with Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks","authors":"Decheng Wu, Nanjie Lv, H. Cao, Jin Fan, Lisheng Yang, Shi-zhong Yang","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021058","url":null,"abstract":"Since fast transients such as fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short-duration events, the telescope should require a wide instantaneous field of view $(mathbf{FoV})$. Unlike traditional beam-scanning technology, this paper $mathbf{p}$ roposes a new approach for transient radio target detection using focal-field feature matching. As for traditional phased array feed (PAF) telescope with few array elements, the features of focal-field distribution (FFD) are very limited. Exploiting the strong fitting ability of the neural networks, a generative adversarial networks (GANs)-based method is presented to reconstruct FFD features. Moreover, according to the abundant frequency characteristic of the FRBs, a multiple-frequency joint estimation is used to constrain the reconstruction. A shrunken Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) model is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the method. The simulation results demonstrate that this approach can reconstruct the FFD effectively only using limited feeds and relative accurately estimate the transient position.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114368954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact AESA for Airborne Self-Protection and Close-Support Jammers","authors":"A. Bentini, D. Palombini, A. Manna","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021077","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, Active Electronically Scanned Arrays (AESAs) technology has gained increasing popularity in a number of civil and defense applications. Among them, Airborne Jammers for Electronic Warfare (EW) systems benefit from the inherent capabilities, in term of achievable sensitivity and EIRP levels. Indeed, state-of-the-art performance are only attainable at the expense of increased array complexity, so that improving AESAs for Size, Weight and Power (SWaP) has already become a key design driver. The main aim of this contribution is to illustrate the design of a compact C to Ku band AESA unit for airborne pod installation, featuring an EIRP in excess of 65dBmi.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122118352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elie G. Tianang, M. Elmansouri, L. Bosković, D. Filipović
{"title":"Design of a Dual-Circularly Polarized X-Band Active Phased Array Based on a Balanced-Diplexer","authors":"Elie G. Tianang, M. Elmansouri, L. Bosković, D. Filipović","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020909","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile X-band phased array aperture is evaluated for possible use on geostationary satellites. A unit cell of this array is a 4 × 4 dual-circularly polarized subarray of magneto-electric dipoles. When used as standalone dual-linearly polarized antenna, the subarray unit cell has reflection coefficient < -10 dB and cross-polarization isolation> 30 dB over the operating band. A balanced-diplexer consisting of two 90° hybrids and two compact diplexers is fully integrated with each subarray to enable dual-circularly polarized frequency division duplex operation. It is demonstrated that the proposed system has high rejection between transmit and receive bands without the need for highly complex and large diplexers. Scan analysis does not reveal any degradation of isolation; instead, it linearly scales with array size. Radiation patterns of the proposed phased array are grating lobes-free for scanning through the edge of the Earth's field of view.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123936113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machined Metal FUSE Array Apertures","authors":"R. Kindt, J. Logan, M. W. Elsallal","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021101","url":null,"abstract":"A Frequency-scaled Ultra-wide Spectrum Element (FUSE) antenna aperture is presented that is readily produced as size-scalable modular sub-array tiles via conventional (subtractive) machining of common metal stock, similar to the manufacturing of wideband all-metal Vivaldi flares. Like the Planar Ultra-wideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) array, whose modular aperture production can be automated via commercial printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing at minimal touch labor, these FUSE apertures can be produced with quick turnaround time at rapid prototyping metal machining shops. The radiator can also be produced via additive manufacturing (3D printing), making this simple design an excellent choice for benchmarking alternative manufacturing techniques. This low-profile ultra-wideband array aperture demonstrates operation from 5 GHz to 21 GHz (4.2:1 VSWR bandwidth), with Voltage Standing Wave Ratios (VSWR) below 2.0 for 45-degree scans in all planes (60-degree scan VSWR < 2.0, except H-plane scan VSWR < 3.0) at optimal lattice spacing. Measured results are presented to validate modeling predictions.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124076789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive clutter suppression method for non-cooperative detection radar","authors":"Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020823","url":null,"abstract":"When radar uses non-cooperative radiation source for detection, due to the complex electromagnetic environment, the clutter suppression performance is limited, the target signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the clutter false alarm is difficult to remove. There are also deviations in the system frequency measurement, causing the spurious Doppler spread to deteriorate further. This paper proposes an adaptive clutter suppression method for non-cooperative detection radar. Firstly, direct wave acquisition and parameter measurement based on the direct wave channel are combined with the existing intelligence database to complete the pulse synchronization of the time dimension. The phase compensation factor is then extracted based on the ground clutter to compensate for the inter-pulse phase factor. Finally, adaptive clutter suppression is completed. Test Results Surface This method improves the clutter suppression performance of non-cooperative detection scenarios.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128363526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shared Envelope Tracking for Time-Delayed Power Amplifiers in Phased Array Systems","authors":"Andrew H. Zai, K. Kolodziej, M. Lockard, J. Herd","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020929","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis shows that multiple time-delayed power amplifiers can share a single envelope tracker and provide a significant improvement over statically supplied amplifiers. Phased arrays are a suitable application of this technique. Our analysis shows a 15 point efficiency improvement over a static supply when amplifying a two-tone signal. We claim that sharing an envelope tracker is justified when $frac{1}{2} gg frac{Delta f}{f_{0}} sin(theta) (N-1$), where $frac{Delta f}{f_{0}}$ is the fractional bandwidth of the signal, $theta$ is the maximum steering angle, and $N$ is the number of elements sharing an envelope tracker. Closed form analytic solutions of a two-tone signal are presented to verify the concept.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129547525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Johnson, S. B. Venkatakrishnan, E. Alwan, J. Volakis
{"title":"UWB Millimeter-Wave Phased Array with Differential Feed and Wide Scan Range","authors":"A. Johnson, S. B. Venkatakrishnan, E. Alwan, J. Volakis","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021014","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in differential Radio Frequency (RF) front-ends at millimeter-waves (mm-wave) create a need for high gain differentially fed arrays for 5G applications. In this paper, we present an ultra-wideband (UWB) mm-wave dual-polarized Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) with a novel differential feeding network for operation across K-Wand 5G bands (viz. 22–80 GHz). Notably our novel H-Wall feed structure enables wide angle scanning. Full wave simulations show that the dual-polarized D-TCDA is capable of scanning to 60° at VSWR < 3 in both E and H planes. An UWB test board is presented for measurement of the array. Link budget analysis and measurements are presented for verification of 5G systems at mm-waves.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129012945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}