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Maat and Tianxia: Building World Orders in Ancient Egypt and China 玛特和天下：古埃及和中国建立世界秩序
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340067
Juan Carlos García, Y. Pines
{"title":"Maat and Tianxia: Building World Orders in Ancient Egypt and China","authors":"Juan Carlos García, Y. Pines","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Ancient China and pharaonic Egypt were two of the most long-lived polities of the ancient world. Both of them succeeded in integrating a diversity of regions and peoples under a single monarch and in creating unique self-referential cultures, which survived periods of political fragmentation and of conquest by foreign peoples. Under these conditions, key concepts emerged that served to express order, justice, harmony, and good government. They provided an indispensable ideological tool to legitimize royal authority as well as a world view that helped define Egyptian and Chinese values when compared to neighboring areas and peoples, usually regarded as the “Other.” Two of these concepts, Egyptian maat and Chinese tianxia, may prove particularly useful for comparing the very particular ways in which Egyptian and Chinese leaders thought about their role in the world, both as builders of cosmic order and as efficient rulers that held together the peoples they governed.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":"13 1","pages":"227-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46385192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Ancient Egypt and the Near East in World History 世界历史上的古埃及与近东
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340056
M. Mieroop
{"title":"Ancient Egypt and the Near East in World History","authors":"M. Mieroop","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Ancient Egypt and the Near East are central to many histories that aim to look at the world in its entirety, mostly because they are the earliest cultures that are well-documented both with textual and material evidence. This article surveys how these studies use that evidence in the various ways the discipline of world or global history is practiced. Those include chronological narratives of human activities from prehistory up to today, investigations that consider the worlds in which the peoples of ancient Egypt and the Near East lived, and comparative studies that seek to explain how certain features of human society and culture came about. The final question it addresses is whether the people of ancient Egypt and the Near East had any interest in a global history themselves.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":"13 1","pages":"11-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machiavellian Masculinities: Historicizing and Contextualizing the “Civilizing Process” in Ancient Egypt 马基雅维利式的男子气概:古埃及“文明进程”的历史化和语境化
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340057
Ellen F. Morris
{"title":"Machiavellian Masculinities: Historicizing and Contextualizing the “Civilizing Process” in Ancient Egypt","authors":"Ellen F. Morris","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000To judge from wisdom literature and artistic production, the ideal man in pharaonic Egypt was as polite and even-tempered as he was well groomed. This article examines the evidence for warrior burials from periods when the state was decentralized or relatively weak and argues that conceptions of manhood in fact oscillated between an irenic ideal and a more violent counterpart. Drawing upon comparative case studies and advice given by Niccolò Machiavelli to his prince, I argue that hegemonic masculinity in Egypt did not simply reflect the character of the times. Rather, rulers actively promoted the type of masculinity that best served their purpose. To an ambitious local ruler engaged in enlarging his core territory, it was beneficial to appeal to and encourage ideals of valor among potential soldiers and supporters. Once peace had been established, however, violent masculinities proved disruptive. Based on internal evidence as well as observations of authoritarian governments that aimed similarly to solidify their power and pacify their realms, I suggest that pharaohs and their advisors likely employed five specific strategies to neutralize potential competitors and transform an honor-bound warrior aristocracy into courtiers and bureaucrats.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42867226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Linear Statecraft along the Nile: Landscapes and the Political Phenomenology of Ancient Egypt 尼罗河沿岸的线性治国之道:古埃及的景观与政治现象学
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340058
Monica L. Smith
{"title":"Linear Statecraft along the Nile: Landscapes and the Political Phenomenology of Ancient Egypt","authors":"Monica L. Smith","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000States in archaeological and historical parlance generally are large and dynamic entities with continually fluctuating borders and boundaries across large land masses. States also are characterized by multiple nodes of settlement and multiple regions of resource availability within those large land masses, including agricultural fields, animal pastures, raw materials, and labor power. The northeastern African continent however provides a rather different spatial configuration for states’ prerequisites of agricultural intensification and social integration: the ancient Egyptian state—and all subsequent political entities called “Egypt”—have been framed by the valley of the Nile as a long and narrow corridor of human viability. Using “flow” as a phenomenological concept in which experiences are heightened by restraint conditions, this article examines the characteristics of political and social cohesion given geographic limitations on communication, migration and territorial expansion. The constraints of a viable landmass surrounded by uninhabitable desert parallel the conditions experienced by island states, enabling the productive application of island and archipelagic models to the analysis of the ancient Egyptian state.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64832653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Un(der)employment in Bronze Age Egypt: Anachronism or Insight? 青铜时代埃及的Un（der）employment：Anachroism还是Insight？
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-12-03 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340052
D. Warburton
{"title":"Un(der)employment in Bronze Age Egypt: Anachronism or Insight?","authors":"D. Warburton","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Based on the productivity of ancient Egyptian agriculture, a discussion of economic theory, per capita GDP, economic growth, and agrarian economies through history, this paper tries to isolate the relative roles of land, labor, and grain in the economy of Ancient Egypt. There is little room for full employment in an agrarian economy; in Bronze Age Egypt the labor of a small fraction of the population would have sufficed to nourish all. Aside from services, an agrarian economy cannot expand employment much. Increasing productivity is counter-productive and none of the wealthy agrarian economies grew organically into an industrial economy. Govert van Driel pointed out that in agrarian ancient Mesopotamia there was no place for the market or silver, although both were present (as is claimed for Egypt). Overcapacity, trade, underemployment, and finance allow an understanding of the ancient economies, economics and economic growth; the impact of using modern economic thought based on production (and not economic behavior and activity) results in a flawed theory that must be revised.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":"12 1","pages":"137-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18741665-12340052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43585227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Social Network(s) of the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period Treasurers: Rehuerdjersen, Siese, Ikhernefret and Senebsumai 中王国与第二中间时期司库的社会网络:Rehuerdjersen, Siese, Ikhernefret和Senebsumai
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-12-03 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340054
D. Stefanović
{"title":"The Social Network(s) of the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period Treasurers: Rehuerdjersen, Siese, Ikhernefret and Senebsumai","authors":"D. Stefanović","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Studies on the ancient Egyptian administrative system(s) are usually based on analysis of the institutions and officials attached to them. The present paper focuses on the social settings of the four Middle Kingdom / Second Intermediate Period highest ranking officials, i.e., treasurers. Starting with the traditional methodological approach, which focuses on collecting the prosopographic data, this paper further addresses the implementation of Social Network Analysis (SNA) tools for analyzing the obtained material. SNA is used to study people, or groups of people (nodes), linked together through social interaction, and relations or links between them (edges). SNA exemplifies various types of interaction through networks and analyzes them. By applying SNA methodology for studying the networks of the selected treasurers, it is possible to reconstruct more precisely their social setting (both private and institutional) and interrelations, which complement the traditional approach, but also provide new possibilities for research into ancient Egyptian administration.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":"12 1","pages":"259-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18741665-12340054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Merenptah und Amenmesse: Entwurf einer alternativen Chronologie Merenptah和Amenmesse：替代年表的设计
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340051
M. Bányai
{"title":"Merenptah und Amenmesse: Entwurf einer alternativen Chronologie","authors":"M. Bányai","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Die Frage nach der chronologischen Position von Amenmesse innerhalb der späten 19. Dynastie ist ungeachtet aller Versuche einer Klärung weiterhin eine stark debattierte Angelegenheit geblieben. Man konnte von bisher zwei grundsätzlichen Lösungsansätzen Amenmesse zu unterbringen, sprechen. Der vorliegende Artikel möchte, angesichts der vom Autor festgestellten Schwierigkeiten der bisherigen Versuche, die Regierungszeit von Amenmesse chronologisch zu unterbringen, einer weiteren, dritten Alternative, nachgehen. Diese zieht in Betracht—in Übereinstimmung mit der Aussage der Historien von Manetho—die Möglichkeit eines Aufstands von Amenmesse während der späteren Regierungszeit Merenptahs. Ebenso wird hier zum ersten Mal die Aussage der Elephantine Stele des Sethnacht sowie von pHarris I auf diese Periode bezogen.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18741665-12340051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41893566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ramsès XI, le premier prophète d’Amon et l’ascension de Piankh à Thèbes pendant l’Aire de la Renaissance 拉美西斯十一世，阿蒙的第一位先知，以及文艺复兴时期皮安克在底比斯的崛起
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340050
J. Antoine
{"title":"Ramsès XI, le premier prophète d’Amon et l’ascension de Piankh à Thèbes pendant l’Aire de la Renaissance","authors":"J. Antoine","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An analysis of P. Geneva D191, P. BM EA 75019+10302, P. Penn 49.11, and P. Turin 2097+2105 leads to a new interpretation on the political events at Thebes during the Renaissance Era. Ramesses XI played a major role in the restoration of order with the help of Libyan troops. He decreed the Renaissance Era with the will of restoring control in the South. Nesamun, at the death of his brother Amenhotep, was compelled to return to his former position of second prophet of Amun while that of first prophet was left vacant for at least two years. After year 4 or 5 of the Renaissance Era, Piankh, who arrived at Thebes with the king, progressively installed a system of power which will prevail throughout the 21st Dynasty. In this new structure a military family of probable Libyan background occupied all the Theban secular and religious functions while maintaining a fictitious allegiance to the northern king.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18741665-12340050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45527827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Some Observations on Name Rings: towards a Typology 关于名字环的一些观察:走向类型学
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340053
L. Peirce
{"title":"Some Observations on Name Rings: towards a Typology","authors":"L. Peirce","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Research to date on name rings, which form a singular component of topographical lists, has primarily focused on the toponyms enclosed in the rings and their subsequent relevance to military campaigns. This article aims to explore another valuable facet of this phenomenon. It details the results of an investigation into the development of the iconography of the personages attached to these name rings during the Eighteenth Dynasty and early Nineteenth Dynasty on Egyptian royal monuments. Clear trends were discernible, from accoutrements to coiffures, that may be able to assist in the dating of royal monuments within sacred spaces.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18741665-12340053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42291452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“Execration” of Nubians in Avaris? A Case of Mistaken Ethnic Identity and Hidden Archaeological Theory 在阿瓦里斯对努比亚人的“诅咒”?错误的民族认同与隐藏的考古理论案例
IF 0.7
Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340044
Uroš Matić
{"title":"“Execration” of Nubians in Avaris? A Case of Mistaken Ethnic Identity and Hidden Archaeological Theory","authors":"Uroš Matić","doi":"10.1163/18741665-12340044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Two pits (L1016 and L1055) from the early New Kingdom cemetery in areas H/I and H/III at ʿEzbet Helmi, Tell el-Dabʿa (ancient Avaris), have long been identified as remains of execration rituals in which Nubians were killed. In this paper I will argue that nothing in these two pits suggests execration of Nubians. The racial attribution of the individuals found in these pits can be questioned on both a theoretical and methodological basis. The Nubian pottery and supposedly Nubian arrowheads often associated with these “execration” pits do not come from either the burials in the cemetery nor from the pits. These finds are later than the cemetery and the “execration” pits in H/I and H/III. In the case of Nubians and “execration” pits from Tell el-Dabʿa we are dealing with a case of mistaken identity, an erroneous interpretation based on culture-historical and racial anthropological assumptions—a hidden theory.","PeriodicalId":41016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Egyptian History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18741665-12340044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43362498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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