I. Neokosmidis, Theodoros Rokkas, P. Paglierani, C. Meani, K. Nasr, K. Moessner, P. Khodashenas
{"title":"Assessment of CAPEX and OPEX for Media Services in Cloud Enabled 5G Networks","authors":"I. Neokosmidis, Theodoros Rokkas, P. Paglierani, C. Meani, K. Nasr, K. Moessner, P. Khodashenas","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894826","url":null,"abstract":"A techno economic analysis for a C-RAN architecture in a Crowded Events (CE) offering immersive video services (IVS) is presented. The analysis shows that investments for an IVS in CE relying on edge cloud resources are viable with an expected payback period of 6.5 years.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126192497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliver Landertshamer, Jaume Benseny, H. Hämmäinen, Pekka J. Wainio
{"title":"Cost model for a 5G smart light pole network","authors":"Oliver Landertshamer, Jaume Benseny, H. Hämmäinen, Pekka J. Wainio","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894818","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of 5G smart light poles can facilitate the massive deployment of communications equipment in the urban environment, accelerating the advent of new smart city services. In this article, we define a cost model for a 5G smart light pole network that includes (1) four pole configurations with different hardware components, (2) a grid-based deployment structure that assigns poles to zones with different demand requirements, and (3) the evolution of key cost items due to prototype improvement, volume sale discounts, and price erosion. The model estimates the total deployment cost (TDC), including capital and operational expenses. We estimate a TDC of 4.84 M€/km2 for a minimum deployment providing uniform coverage of basic services. We also estimate a TDC of 6.57 M€/km2 for a massive deployment providing heterogeneous coverage of advanced services. These values can potentially decrease to 3.23 M€/km2 and 4.05M€/km2 when cost evolution is considered. Although more than 30 % cost reduction might be possible, this is mainly caused by the improvement of prototype components, given that public works are less sensible to cost evolution. Therefore, we recommend cities to promptly start civil works and to select upgrade-able pole designs.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123580726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Social Construction of Personal Data Protection in Smart Cities","authors":"J. Breuer, I. V. Zeeland, J. Pierson, R. Heyman","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894823","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are striving to become ‘smart’. What exactly a smart city signifies is debatable, but the designation most often refers to an intensification of ICT use and data use by local authorities, and seeking closer collaboration with other stakeholders. Whereas the concept of the smart city is not clearly delineated, the same can be said for the requirements for personal data protection under the GDPR. In this paper, we apply a social constructivist approach to the development of personal data protection in smart city initiatives to argue that personal data protection in smart cities is in a stage of ‘interpretative flexibility’, implying that different groups put forward different meanings to these concepts. Based on a quasi-empirical scenario analysis, we assess interpretations, opportunities and challenges related to the most influential actors and factors. To conclude, we formulate a number of specific recommendations for privacy-friendly implementation of smart city initiatives.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121995008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Closer Look to the Future of Smart Cities","authors":"M. Ugolini, Edward A. Smith","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894827","url":null,"abstract":"Based on an extensive literature search and with reference to our earlier works, we have examined the progress made towards realising the Smart City vision. We find limited evidence of progress in moving from a small number of highly successful pilots to widespread adoption. We interpret this in terms of the “chasm”, identified by Moore, which has to be crossed to successfully address the main market. We believe that to make progress, clearer funding approaches and common implementation models need to be developed. Moreover, closer and more purposeful collaboration between the demand and supply sides of the commercial ecosystem is required.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124151455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using the Viterbi decoding trellis graph approach to find the most effective investment path","authors":"Remigiusz Prokopiak","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894815","url":null,"abstract":"We propose to use the Viterbi's decoding trellis graph approach to find the most effective Radio Access Network (RAN) Evolution Path. By the most effective path we understand the cheapest sequence of sector's extensions which still fulfils the capacity requirements over the years. Cheapest means the lowest calculated Net Present Value of needed cash outflows, discounted with the assumed WACC - Weighted Average Costs of Capital over the assumed period of time. To find all possible paths in the trellis graph we also propose the use of the Deep First Search algorithm - DFS. DFS facilitates the analysis of the Transition Matrix, indicating the costs and possible transitions between particular states in available RAN Evolution Path. Transition Matrix is used to ease the introduction of the new RAN stages. The entire tool-set should help to automate the analysis of an increasing number of RAN extension options.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Christofi, R. Heyman, L. Vandercruysse, Valerie Verdoodt, C. Buts, M. Dooms, J. Pierson, P. Valcke
{"title":"Smart City Privacy: Enhancing Collaborative Transparency in the Regulatory Ecosystem","authors":"A. Christofi, R. Heyman, L. Vandercruysse, Valerie Verdoodt, C. Buts, M. Dooms, J. Pierson, P. Valcke","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894824","url":null,"abstract":"The development of smart cities has several privacy implications and it challenges the application and enforcement of data protection law. The SPECTRE project looks at these challenges through the lens of the disciplines of law, communication sciences and economics. The aim is to explore and propose legitimate, participatory and economically-sound solutions for enhancing data protection. SPECTRE will argue for greater responsibilisation in the smart city environment, by increasing participation of different stakeholders through the development of a collaborative, cost-efficient Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) methodology. Furthermore, the potential of using public procurement rules to incorporate this new method for a DPIA to effectively deal with the privacy impacts of smart cities will be explored.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116490336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johan Devriese, Thibault Degrande, M. Mihaylov, S. Verbrugge, D. Colle
{"title":"Techno-economic Analysis of Residential Thermal Flexibility for Demand Side Management","authors":"Johan Devriese, Thibault Degrande, M. Mihaylov, S. Verbrugge, D. Colle","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894816","url":null,"abstract":"The continuing rise in solar and wind production leads to an increasing demand of flexibility to stabilize the electricity grid. Furthermore, we can assume a gradual but intensive rise in the use of electrical heatpumps for household spatial heating, for different reasons. Therefore, this paper investigates the feasibility and viability of entering the flexibility market by aggregating residential thermal loads. For this research, a dataset of 200 dwellings in the Netherlands, equipped with a heatpump and smart metering infrastructure, is analysed. By means of a grey-box modeling approach, a thermal model and control framework have been set up for every house, in order to identify the load shift potential and the accompanying cost of providing flexibility for the houses. We find that thermal flexibility is asymmetric: downwards flexibility is, apart from much more dependent on outdoor temperature than upwards flexibility, strictly lower than upwards flexibility. The cost for downwards flexibility is strictly negative in terms of the prosumer. Concerning upwards flexibility, the cost is most of the time positive. Moreover, it can be concluded that there is a potentially viable business case for the flexibility aggregator.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121512340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Spruytte, F. Vannieuwenborg, Kurt Marlein, Gustav Janssens, R. Meersman, S. Verbrugge, D. Colle
{"title":"Joint-Rollout of FTTH and Smart City Fiber Networks as a Way to Reduce Rollout Cost","authors":"Jonathan Spruytte, F. Vannieuwenborg, Kurt Marlein, Gustav Janssens, R. Meersman, S. Verbrugge, D. Colle","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894814","url":null,"abstract":"Making cities smarter is the future. By bringing more technology into existing city infrastructure, smart city applications can arise. Whether these applications track devices e.g. public lightning, environmental measurements e.g. temperature or air quality, or analyze video streams e.g. for people density, it is expected that these will require a (near-) real time data connection. Upcoming 5G networks will be able to handle large amounts of connections at high speeds and low latencies and will therefor outperform current technologies such as 4G and low-power wide-area networks. In order to do so, these 5G networks fall back to numerous fiber connected small cells for up & downlink to the Internet. In this publication, we are looking into the additional fiber equipment and deployment cost to connect the required smart city network infrastructure, taking into account a Fiber-to-the-(FTTH) network is already available or will be installed as part of the smart city network rollout. More concretely, we are proposing a methodology comparing an anticipated and incremental planning approach for a number of different extensions upon the FTTH-network: connecting all electrical cabinets, connecting public lightning, and the connection of 5G using small cells. From this, we want to learn how much the total rollout cost can be reduced using a future-oriented smart city approach taking into account all future extensions, compared to an incremental short-time planning only planning additional fiber when required. In the meantime, we want to show the additional cost of creating a smart city network is limited when it is being combined with a FTTH rollout. Results of the proposed methodology and use case will be modeled planning and design software Comsof Fiber and will be published in a future work.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124127015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public Private Partnership in Smart city waste management - a Business Case","authors":"M. Falch, M. Maestrini","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894820","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case study on smart service delivery in municipalities. The case concerns smart waste management in the city of Copenhagen. The solution is developed by the private company NordSense in collaboration with the municipality.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129702865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thibault Degrande, F. Vannieuwenborg, S. Verbrugge, D. Colle
{"title":"Adoption of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems in Flemish passenger cars: a review of European Policy Options","authors":"Thibault Degrande, F. Vannieuwenborg, S. Verbrugge, D. Colle","doi":"10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CTTE-FITCE.2019.8894817","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) enable vehicles to be aware of objects that are not in line of sight, by interacting directly with each other and the surrounding road infrastructure. C-ITS promise to reduce traffic congestion, lessen the environmental impact of transportation, and most importantly, significantly reduce the number of (lethal) traffic accidents. As C-ITS is subject to strong network effects, adoption of C-ITS is a key driver of its (societal) benefits. Therefore, this paper estimates penetration rates of C-ITS equipped cars in the car park of Flanders, Belgium. Based on the preferred policy option with mandatory adoption, as proposed in the recent new Delegated Regulation of the European Commission, full penetration of C-ITS in the Flemish car park is expected later than twenty years after the mandate enters into force. Determination of C-ITS adoption numbers is valuable for a number of stakeholders, such as national and local governments, road authorities, technology providers and network operators. Additionally, penetration numbers allow Member States to ascertain to what extent C-ITS can contribute to the goal of zero traffic mortalities by 2050, as envisioned by the European Commission.","PeriodicalId":410074,"journal":{"name":"2019 CTTE-FITCE: Smart Cities & Information and Communication Technology (CTTE-FITCE)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115995789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}