Latin American Journal of Trade Policy最新文献

{"title":"Indirect Expropriation Clause Clarified in Recent Colombian BITs","authors":"Milcar Jeff Dorce","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.68482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.68482","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, Caribbean states have been faced with a significant number of investment arbitration proceedings in which investors have claimed that public interest regulatory measures constitute indirect expropriations of foreign investment. As a result, arbitral tribunals have ordered host states to pay heavy compensation to foreign investors. To preserve its right to regulate in the public interest, Colombia has clarified the indirect expropriation clause in most of its recent international investment agreements, clarifying the extent to which a public interest regulation that affects foreign investment constitutes an indirect expropriation. This article seeks to determine to what extent the new clauses of the Colombian agreements contribute to preserving the state’s right to regulate in the public interest.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Export Diversification and Free Trade Agreements","authors":"Eduardo Vera","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.72523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.72523","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper examines the effect of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on export diversification, focusing on Peruvian exports to five countries in the Asia Pacific region: China, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore. By employing regression models with control variables, the study investigates the outcomes of FTAs on export patterns. The findings reveal that the FTA yielded two primary effects: general and lagged. The general effect of the FTA was observed in the case of Peruvian exports to China and Korea, whereby a greater variety of exported goods became available. On the other hand, the FTA signed with Japan, Thailand, and Singapore resulted in a gradual reduction in the concentration of exported items over time. These findings underscore the importance of comprehending the multifaceted impacts of FTAs on export diversification and emphasize the need for a nuanced understanding of how trade agreements influence export dynamics across diverse markets.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements","authors":"Paula Noelia Paredes Quintana, Alan Fairlie Reinoso, Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso, Tani Paredes Zegarra","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.73027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.73027","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the impact of environmental clauses in regional trade agreements on the international trade of CAN and MERCOSUR countries between 2001 and 2019. We use a gravity model estimated with the PPML estimator to analyze the relationship between environmental provisions in trade agreements and total exports. We find that the simple inclusion of environmental provisions does not have a significant effect on trade. However, the presence of a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) in the midst of compliance is associated with a negative and significant effect on total exports. This result is accentuated if the trade occurs in a South-North structure. This finding complements previous research and provides a more complete understanding of the impact of environmental clauses on international trade in the countries of the region.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese MSMEs internationalization in Latin American markets under the Belt and Road Initiative","authors":"Joaquín Estrader, E. Zottele","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.68975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.68975","url":null,"abstract":"Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is an essential topic for business research and development policies. By reviewing previous literature and macroeconomic data, and following a deductive method, this study explains MSMEs' contribution to national development, that is, a positive effect in terms of employment, regional economies, technological innovation, andincome distribution. In addition, we focus on Chinese MSMEs' internationalization and competitive advantages in Latin American markets as a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Additionally, we explain the essential role of the Belt and Road Initiative in Chinese companies’ internationalization, particularly in building a platform for MSMEs operations in Latin America and the Caribbean. After conclusions we suggest further research directions.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131659095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los factores subyacentes y la probabilidad de medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias del sector agropecuario del Perú notificadas a la Organización Mundial del Comercio","authors":"Marcelo Alonso Valverde Arevalo","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.69586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.69586","url":null,"abstract":"Previamente se han identificado una serie de determinantes de la actividad regulatoria de asuntos sanitarios y fitosanitarios, tales como las capacidades científicas, legales, la producción nacional, entre otros. Si bien las principales determinantes se orientan a aspectos regulatorios, no es posible descartar que sean utilizadas como barreras al comercio. \u0000En el caso del Perú, siendo uno de los Miembros de la OMC que más notificaciones ha emitido, no se ha analizado previamente los factores subyacentes relacionados a este tipo de medidas. En ese sentido, mediante modelos Probit y Logit se ha podido identificar los factores que inciden en la probabilidad de que el Perú notifique medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias. Los resultados indican que, contrariamente a lo esperado, en el caso peruano el aumento de las capacidades científicas y legales generarían una menor cantidad de medidas sanitarias. Esto sugeriría que este país aplica más medidas de las necesarias, pudiendo ser utilizadas como barreras al comercio. \u0000","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126170213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Más allá de la crisis: el multilateralismo en la Organización Mundial de Comercio en la segunda década del siglo XXI","authors":"Julieta Zelicovich","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.67960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.67960","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las dinámicas de funcionamiento de la Organización Mundial del Comercio en la segunda década del siglo XXI, como mecanismo de cooperación institucionalizada de carácter multilateral. Si bien la literatura académica ha enfatizado la ‘crisis’ y los déficits de esta Organización, en este trabajo argumentamos a favor de una perspectiva que reconozca una evaluación completa de los procesos que tienen lugar en esta área de las Relaciones Internacionales. Así proponemos conceptualizar el funcionamiento de la OMC desde la óptica del multilateralismo, identificando un triple proceso en el que hay elementos de debilitamiento, pero también disputas de poder y pragmatismo. El trabajo presenta evidencia para sustentar cómo estas tres características del multilateralismo del régimen de comercio internacional, en un movimiento de deconstrucción y reconstrucción, afectan las funciones principales de la OMC: la legislativa, la administrativa y la de resolución de disputas. Los hallazgos reafirman la relevancia de un enfoque no binario del multilateralismo que vaya más allá de la noción de crisis/no crisis; y avance en el reconocimiento de una conceptualización más compleja del multilateralismo como expresión del orden internacional. Además, los resultados alientan la agenda de investigaciones específicas sobre las dinámicas de participación e influencia de los actores con menor poder relativo, que se hacen visibles en esta narrativa ampliada del funcionamiento de la OMC.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127100113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Actividad Global en el marco de las Medidas de Salvaguardia en 2022: recuento a la luz de las notificaciones hechas al Comité de Salvaguardias de la OMC","authors":"Fernando Piérola-Castro","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.70513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.70513","url":null,"abstract":"Recuento de la actividad global en lo que se refiere a la conducción de investigaciones sobre medidas de salvaguardia y la imposición o prórroga de éstas durante el año 2022, a la luz de las notificaciones hechas por los miembros de la OMC en dicho año.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120924055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visiones constitucionales de la Organización Mundial del Comercio: entre el desarrollo, el libre mercado y la marginalidad. El caso de Colombia","authors":"Juan Felipe Parra Rosas, Alexandra Cumbe Figueroa, Diego Andres Jaramillo Vargas","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2023.69524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2023.69524","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo presenta al lector un análisis de la norma de segundo plano que utiliza la Corte Constitucional colombiana cuando menciona y recurre a las fuentes de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) en sus fallos. Siendo esto examinado a la luz de dos marcos conceptuales: “la Síntesis del Siglo xx” y las “reglas de fondo que condicionan” la resolución de un caso.  Para ello, a través de la metodología de revisión jurisprudencial, analizamos 60 sentencias de constitucionalidad proferidas por la Corte Constitucional Colombiana entre 1995 y 2022, en las que existía una mención directa a la OMC. Dentro de esta búsqueda encontramos que de los 60 fallos únicamente 19 fallos mencionan a la OMC en su raciocinio de manera central o al menos utilizan alguna de sus fuentes o consideraciones normativas para sustentar las decisiones tomadas. En nuestros hallazgos encontramos que la mención a la OMC es utilizada por la Corte para justificar y respaldar constitucionalmente el libre mercado que, bajo una premisa de ausencia de ejercicios de poder, se comprende como un proyecto económico que promueve y fortalece el desarrollo social y económico de los Estados.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121411788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis Intrarregional de los Sectores Autopartes y Metalmecánico del Departamento de Santander en el Contexto de la Alianza del Pacífico Durante los Años 2017-2021","authors":"Julio César Ramírez Montañez, Nicole Juliana Largo, Oriana Marcela Páez Cubides, M. A. Quiroga","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2022.67522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2022.67522","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las condiciones del comercio intrarregional de los sectores autopartes y metalmecánico del departamento de Santander, en el período 2017-2021. Para cumplir el objetivo trazado se aplicaron los indicadores de comercio intrarregional, a los capítulos arancelarios correspondientes a los sectores de autopartes y metalmecánico de Santander. La metodología implementada se basó en la aplicación de los indicadores otorgados por la Comisión de Estudios Económicos para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) con el fin de medir el dinamismo comercial de una región o un país.  Dentro de las principales conclusiones a las que llega esta investigación, se destacan que el capítulo arancelario con mayor dinámica exportadora es el 84 (Reactores nucleares, calderas, máquinas, aparatos y artefactos mecánicos) con valores que oscilan entre US$ 148.717 y US$ 239.507; el único capítulo arancelario con tendencia exportadora alta desde Santander hacia los países de la Alianza del Pacífico es el 73, correspondiente a manufacturas de fundición de hierro y acero, donde los años 2017 y 2019. En las importaciones, se destaca el capítulo arancelario 73 que tuvo el mayor dinamismo entre 2017 y 2021, con importaciones que oscilan entre 68.954 dólares y 124.118 en el período de análisis. El Indicador de Comercio Intrarregional de importaciones muestra que el departamento de Santander mantiene un bajo nivel de importaciones de productos de autopartes y metalmecánica provenientes de la Alianza del Pacífico. Los capítulos arancelarios donde se tiene una tendencia alta importadora son el 76 (Aluminio y sus manufacturas). En cuanto a la balanza comercial, se destaca el comportamiento de las exportaciones de los capítulos arancelarios 82 (Herramientas de cuchillería y útiles) y 84 (Reactores nucleares, calderas, máquinas, aparatos y artefactos mecánicos) presentando saldos superavitarios entre los años 2017 y 2021.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122737021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring value circulation in regional chains","authors":"Álvaro Lalanne","doi":"10.5354/0719-9368.2022.67235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2022.67235","url":null,"abstract":"Since Hummels, Ishii and Ye (2001) seminal work there have been lots of proposals for measuring participation in global value chains with input-output tables. Conjointly to the development of measures, several projects created Inter-Country Input-output tables. To the extent that integrating data of different origins requires strong assumptions and confidence in sources, some projects keep more detailed inter country input-output tables at a regional level. In this paper I adapt two of the most complete methods conceived for global Input-output tables to the case of regional tables, and I use them to analyze the intraregional value chain trade of South America. Besides characterizing the trade in this region, this paper identifies and asses the differences between adaptations of Borin and Mancini (2019) source-based decomposition of gross exports and the Wang, Wei and Zhu (2018) method.","PeriodicalId":409959,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Trade Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}