Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Specific features of the size structure of marginal populations of the nominative subspecies of the secret toad-headed agama (Phrynocephalus mystaceus mystaceus) (Agamidae, Reptilia)","authors":"G. V. Polynova, O. E. Polynova","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-52-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-52-63","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the probability of Foster's  rule, or the island effect manifestation in a population of the nominative subspecies of the secret toad-headed agama (Phrynocephalus mystaceus mystaceus Pallas, 1776) living on an isolated  sandy massif of Sarykum, Dagestan. Materials on morphometric data, body length and tail length were collected  at two points in the habitat of the nominative subspecies. Data on the Sarykum sand massif were collected in May 2021. At the second point of the range, in the vicinity of  v. Dosang, the Astrakhan region, data were obtained during the spring field seasons of 2010–2014. Our processing of the materials shows that mature individuals of the population on Sarykum are significantly smaller than lizards of the same age group from the Astrakhan region. Our analysis of the published data confirms the smallest possible size of this population of the nominative subspecies. Thus, the population of the secret toad-headed agama on the Sarykum sandy massif may be  a typical example of an island shift, in which large animals tend to become dwarfs, and small ones to become giants,  respectively. In this case, we are dealing with dwarfism of the largest species of  Phrynocephalus genus in the isolated territory of the Sarykum sandy massif. It should be  noted that immature individuals of the populations have no dimensional differences from other populations of th e habitat, which may indicate the physiological dimensional optimum of this age group.","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of the golden jackal (Mammalia, Caninae, Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Saratov region, expansion of its range in the region against the background of its expansion in Europe and Russia","authors":"M. L. Oparin, S. V. Sukhov, O. Oparina","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-36-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-36-51","url":null,"abstract":"The history of golden jackal dispersal in Russia and adjacent countries, as well as in  southern, central, eastern and northern Europe, is  considered. Data confirming the demographic  explosion of this species on the European continent territory are given. Materials on the dispersal  of golden jackals in the European Russia are considered in more detail. The main emphasis is  made on the study of the process of golden jackal penetration into the territory of Saratov region,  from its first sightings in the Saratov Volga region in the late 1980s – early 1990s in the Dyakovsky (Saltovsky) forest to dispersal in adjacent territories. The penetration  of the species into the  Saratov Right Bank and its further dispersal throughout  the region on both banks of the Volga river is  described. It is shown that the areas of the modern jackal range are approximately the same both in  the Right Volga Bank and Left Volga Bank of the  Saratov region. However, the number of jackal  is currently higher in the areas of  the region located on the right bank of the Volga river. Probably,  this is explained by more favorable conditions for the golden jackal habitat in this part of the region, associated with its higher afforestation. Gold en jackals breed in the southern districts of the  Saratov region, located on both banks of the Volga river. However, golden jackals are also found  in the northernmost parts of the region, and most likely there, as well as in the south of the region,  its stable reproductively active groups appear. In the  Saratov Volga region, in spite of its very low  forest cover, the golden jackal  is recorded both in the south-eastern and north-eastern areas, but its  numbers are high enough only in the vicinity of the forest on the Prieruslan sands and in areas  along the Volga river, where there are areas of floodplain and bairn forests. In the Right Volga  Bank of the Saratov region the golden jackal is most abundant in upland oak forests of the  Privolzhskaya Upland, occurs in floodplain forests of the Medveditsa river and in the Medveditsa–Khopyor interfluve.","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper ion sorption ability of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. micromycetes","authors":"V. D. Volkova, E. Fedoseeva, V. Terekhova","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-20-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-20-35","url":null,"abstract":"Our analysis of metabolic and ecological features of fungi indicates a high bioremediation potential of fungal mycelium. The relevance of the problems solved in this work is conditioned by insufficiently studied mechanisms and conditions of micromycetal activity on heavy metal detoxication. The effect of copper on the development of two micromycete species, namely, melanised Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., 1912 and hyaline  Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., 1824 cultivated on Czapek agar (with 2 or 3% sucrose) was compared;  the ability of mycelium to sorb copper cations when grown in a liquid culture with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg Cu2+ / L was evaluated. F. oxysporum had noticeable advantages in terms of  growth rate, tolerance, conidia production on medium with Cu2+. The effective concentration of copper (EC50), indicating the resistance of the fungus, increased for  F. oxysporum by 1.5 times with increasing sucrose content in the medium. The melanised culture of  A. alternata  was superior to  F. oxysporum in terms of sorption capacity. The percentage of Cu2+ extraction by fungal mycelium from the medium reached 40% in the case of  F. oxysporum and twice as much in the case of  A. alternata . The vast majority of copper was sorbed by the cell walls of hyphae and washed away by water. A small amount (a maximum of 0.16 µg Cu2+ /g dry mycelium of  A. alternate ) penetrated inside the mycelial cells. F. oxysporum, which had no intracellular protective melanins, accumulated Cu2+ (2 to 14 times) less. The results show that the mechanisms of resistance to Cu2+ and sorption are different in the studied species: in Fusarium they are  determined mainly by the barrier functions of hyphae cell walls, while in Alternaria melanin plays a significant role in protection against Cu toxic action.","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of forest geosystems in the Lower Amur region by a case study of the Komsomol’sky Nature Reserve","authors":"P. S. Van","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-3-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-3-19","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the structural-functional organization of the forest geosystems of Komsomol’sky Nature Reserve located in the south of the Lower Amur Region. It considers a landscape organization model built using the information theory methods. The model is represented as a block diagram consisting of digraphs, in  whose center there are landscape features. This model is a modified version of the previously published one for the studied territory. It is built on the basis of richer field data and with the addition of previously unused landscape features. Weak links of medium density predominate in the model, which may indicate the stability of the forest geosystems formed there. Our analysis shows that  the main factors determining the structure of Komsomol’sky Nature Reserve’s forest geosystems are altitudinal-exposure zonality, altitude, lithology of parent rocks, and soil  hydrothermal conditions. It is established that the stand of timber is directly related to the humus soil horizon lithomass: it decreases with an increase in  lithomass. Plants biomass is highly dependent on the steepness of slopes: it decreases with its increase. Separate relationships have been revealed for plant layers. The herbaceous layer height decreases with an increase in the altitude and lithom ass in the soil. The herbage floristic diversity differs greatly in land facie groups and has a maximum  in the ridge-top areas of the slopes and at the foot hill. The shrub layer height depends on soil moisture content, lithology of parent rocks and lithomass: it de-creases with increasing soil moisture content most of all and increases with increasing lithomass in the soil. A relationship has been found only with the lithomass in the soil for all tree layer features. A lithomass increase has a depressing effect on trees.","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological characteristics of the siberian silkmoth (Dendrolimus sibiricus) (Insecta, Lasiocampidae) habitat in the Sayan montane conifer forests ecoregion","authors":"S. Sultson, P. V. Mikhailov, A. Goroshko, D. A. Demidko, N. N. Kulakova, O. Slinkina, A. Tatarintsev","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-64-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2024-1-64-78","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to studying the siberian silkmoth ( Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov, 1908) outbreaks, which is highly relevant today. The study was aimed at improving the system of forest pathology monitoring by revealing factors contributing to forest stand resistance to the pest attacks. We analyze the habitat conditions that are favorable for the siberian silkmoth in the early stages of its development and during the outbreak in dark coniferous taiga in the mountains of Southern Siberia (particularly, the Krasnoyarsk region). The research was based on remote sensing data combined with field data obtained in disturbed forests where we also con-ducted a pest population assessment. The habitat characteristics were based on the forest type and silvicultural and forest inventory details. We an alyzed environmental conditions and their influence on the pest reproduction. As a result, we divided  the forest stands by their resistance to insect attacks. Primary habitats are stands with moss-covered forest floor, secondary habitats are stands with herbs-covered forest floor, and tertiary habitats are depressions with wet soils (forests along streams or swamp forests). We revealed the  D. sibiricus population density dynamics related to the forest stands structure. The present research lets us  determine forest sites vulnerable to pest attacks and conduct spatial monitoring of  their dynamics and resistance.","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and demographic structure of the great bustard (Otis tarda) (Otididae, Aves) population at lek areas in the Saratov and Volgograd Trans-Volga region","authors":"O. Oparina, M. L. Oparin, A. B. Mamaev, A. Oparina","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-454-465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-454-465","url":null,"abstract":"The results of our studies of the great bustard population in the Saratov and Volgograd Trans-Volga region are presented. For the first time in this territory, censuses of the numbers of bustards were carried out in their lek areas in the spring for 3 years. This made it possible to obtain more reliable data on the numbers of individuals of this species, as well as on the demographic structure in the model area and compare them with those obtained during autumn population counts. In our opinion, as a result of agriculture intensification, the nesting habitats of the bustard have been sharply reduced, which was caused by changes in the structure of crop areas and the massive use of pesticides. In the absence of necessary protection measures, this has led to a reduction in the numbers of birds in the Saratov Trans-Volga region by almost 10 times over 20 years. This trend is observed throughout almost the entire world range of the great bustard, where there are no long-term effective measures aimed at preserving the natural habitats of the species. In the Trans-Volga region, the number of lek areas has decreased by approx. half and the numbers of individuals of the species in the remaining leks have decreased. The demographic structure of the bustard population when studied in lek areas shows a significant predominance of males over females, which contradicts the stability of the population. Due to the reduction in the number of habitats suitable for bustards to nest, the success of their reproduction has significantly decreased. Spring treatment of crop areas with pesticides by ground and aerial methods coincides with the nesting period of birds, which is a powerful factor of disturbance and leads to the loss of clutches. Females whose clutches have been preserved, have the problem of acute food shortage after their chicks hatched, which also leads to elimination of some part of the broods. ","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibility to determine the necessary length of WRC survey routes based on the area of hunting grounds","authors":"I. A. Kondratenkov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-437-453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-437-453","url":null,"abstract":"Article 36 of the Federal Law on Hunting and Conservation of Hunting Resources of 24.07.2009 No. 209-FZ (in the edition of the Federal Law of 22.12.2020 No. 455-FZ) stipulates that the accounting of hunting animals, in respect of which, in accordance with the above Federal Law, the limit of extraction and the quota of their extraction are established, is carried out on the basis of scientifically substantiated methods. Currently recommended by the authorized federal executive body and posted on the information and telecommunication network “Internet” on the official website of the authorized federal executive body is the Methodology of accounting for the number of hunting resources by the method of winter route counting, approved by the order of FGBU “Federal Research Center for Hunting” from November 14, 2022 no. 74. One of the main differences of the mentioned methodology is the algorithm of determining the minimum necessary total length of counting routes from the total area of hunting grounds located within the boundaries of the relevant hunting farms. However, in the open press there are no data on the conducted scientific studies justifying such an approach to determining the necessary length of survey routes. This was the basis for the present study. On the example of moose counting for some hunting farms of Saratov region the possibility of objective determination of the minimum necessary total length of counting routes depending on the total area of hunting grounds located within the boundaries of these farms was checked. The results of the study showed that such an approach in planning the volume of survey work is fundamentally flawed and cannot be considered scientifically justified, and since it takes the central place in the considered Methodology of counting the number of hunting resources by the method of winter route counting, the latter is scientifically unjustified. Consequently, its placement in the information and telecommunication network “Internet” on the official website of the authorized federal executive body contradicts the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of hunting and conservation of hunting resources. ","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":"41 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of various processing methods on the numbers of Clostridium (Clostridia, Bacteria) in animal by-products","authors":"N. Syrchina, L. Pilip, E. Kolevatykh, T. Ashikhmina","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-466-480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-466-480","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridia are one of the largest genera of eubacteria living in water, soil, the intestines of humans and animals. The genus Clostridium includes both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Representatives of this genus occupy a leading position among all types of bacteria in producing a variety of toxins. Due to their ability to form spores, these microorganisms can survive in the most unfavorable conditions. Antibiotic-resistant Clostridia, which are released to the environment as part of farm animal manure, are of particular environmental danger. We have studied the influence of various treatment methods (aeration, acidification, and surfactant application) of the liquid fraction of pig manure effluents (ME) on the species composition and the numbers of Clostridia. Cl. septicum and Cl. perfringens were found to occupy a dominant position in the ME of manure storage baths. Both species are actively involved in the ammonification of organic compounds, releasing a wide range of volatile substances with an unpleasant odor into the environment. Most of the Clostridia were detected in biofilms formed on the surface of ME under anaerobic conditions. Such conditions are formed during storage of the liquid fraction in closed lagoons, which increases the environmental risks of the release of undesirable microorganisms into the environment. Round-the-clock aeration and acidification of ME to pH 5.5 reduce the numbers of Clostridia. Such conditions contribute to the formation of microorganism consortia with fungi to occupy a dominant position. Cl. difficile (32.52%), Cl. putrificum (31.62%) and Cl. septicum (30.72%) predominated in biofilms of acidified ME, whilst only Cl. difficile (69.98–95.26%) did in options with surfactants added. The largest relative numbers of pathogenic Cl. difficile (95.26%) were observed in the option with the addition of a cationic surfactant (benzalkonium chloride). ","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":"63 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic differentiation within two large phylogroups of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) (Cricetidae, Rodentia), the boundary between them, and the population abundance","authors":"N. Feoktistova, I. G. Meschersky, E. A. Katsman, S. I. Meschersky, A. V. Gureeva, V. P. Kupriyanov, P. Bogomolov, M. V. Kropotkina, I. D. Davydov, A. G. Leonov, A. V. Surov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-481-497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-481-497","url":null,"abstract":"clarification. In the course of our specially organized expedition, tissue samples of the common hamster were collected in 12 regions of Russia and Kazakhstan, including areas at the potential border of the ranges of phylogroups “A” and “E” (“Europe”). Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the cytb gene of the captured animals has shown that the boundary between these phylogroups runs between Turinsk and Yekaterinburg, further between Chelyabinsk and Kurgan, between Omsk and Tatarsk, and turns to the south, leaving the village of Turgai and the town of Temirtau in the west and the village of Bayanaul in the east. The structure of territorial genetic clades belonging to phylogroups “A” and “E” and the history of their formation were also analyzed. Most of the detected territorial clades were formed during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The population dynamics of phylogroups “A” and “E” was analyzed and its decline was shown in 8 of the 12 surveyed regions. ","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":"56 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of indicators of phytoplankton development and water quality of the Peipus-Pskov Lake in modern conditions","authors":"Т. Drozdenko, M. Medyankina, T. K. Antal","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-404-419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-404-419","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is an acute problem of pollution of the hydrosphere, which results in a drop in the stability of ecosystems, destruction of the signaling links of biocenoses, and food pyramid violation. This paper presents the results of our monitoring the current state of phytoplankton communities and water quality of the Peipus-Pskov Lake, a large transboundary reservoir located in the northwest of the Pskov region. During the growing season of 2022, 221 phytoplankton taxa with ranks below the genus from 8 divisions were identified. The average abundance of phytoplankton over the entire period of our study was 11.6 million cells/L, the average biomass was 1.6 g/m3. An ecological and geographical analysis was carried out, according to which widespread freshwater planktonic forms of microalgae predominated in the lake, preferring stagnant-flowing weakly alkaline waters. According to the Sjörensen–Chekanovsky index, the degree of commonality of the species composition of the planktonic algal floras in the Pskov and Peipsi Lakes was 73.2%. Saprobiological analysis showed that the waters of the study area in 2022 were slightly polluted (class II of water quality).","PeriodicalId":409252,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}