Advances in Materials Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Micro-sized TiO2 catalyst in powder form and as coating on porcelain grès tile for the photodegradation of phenol as model pollutant for water phase","authors":"L. Claudia, M. Stucchi, C. Pirola, G. Cerrato, S. Morandi, B. Sacchi, S. Vitali, A. Michele, V. Capucci","doi":"10.15761/AMS.1000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/AMS.1000121","url":null,"abstract":"In presence of TiO2 and irradiation, phenol can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals or directly via photogenerated carriers, as occurs in photocalytic processes. In this work a commercial micro-sized TiO2 sample in powder form and industrially coated on porcelain grès tiles were tested in water remediation with phenol as model molecule. Firstly, we investigated the behaviour of the commercial micro-sized TiO2 comparing the results with reference nano-sized catalyst in the phenol photodegradation process, widely studied in the last decades. Following the phenol concentration as well as the main intermediates formation over time by HPLC analysis, and the mineralization by TOC analysis, we presented results about the photocatalytic behaviour in terms of adsorption, by-products formation, and reaction rate at different phenol starting concentrations. In particular, with the photocatalytic tiles, phenol photodegradation percentage is almost the same at 15 ad 25 ppm (78% and 73% respectively), and much lower at 50 ppm (46%) after 6 hours of test. Correspondence to: Claudia L. Bianchi, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy, E-mail: claudia. bianchi@unimi.it Benedetta Sacchi, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy, E-mail: benedetta.sacchi@unimi.it Giuseppina Cerrato, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy, E-mail: giuseppina.cerrato@unito.it","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125823235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Armenian transformation equations in 3D","authors":"R. Nazaryan, H. Nazaryan","doi":"10.15761/AMS.1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/AMS.1000106","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we derive new transformation equations of relativity in 3D using the following guidelines: 1. We use only vector notations to obtain the new transformation equations in a general form. 2. In the process of deriving new transformation equations in vector form, we also keep the term v r → → × 3. Newly obtained transformation equations need to satisfy the linear transformation fundamental laws. 4. Addition of velocities we calculate in two different ways: by linear superposition and by differentiation, and they need to coincide each other. If not, then we force them to match for obtaining the final relation between coefficients. After using the above mentioned general guidelines, we obtain direct and inverse transformation equations named the Armenian transformation equations, which are the replacement for the Lorentz transformation equations. Correspondence to: Robert Nazaryan, Physics Department, Yerevan State University, Alek Manukyan Street, Yerevan 0025, Armenia, E-mail: robert@armeniantheory.com Received: March 12, 2016; Accepted: April 26, 2016; Published: April 29, 2016 Introduction to the Armenian transformation equations in 3D The Lorentz transformation equations, as we know them, in two dimensional time-space (t,x) or in four-dimensional time-space (t,r), when the inertial systems move at a constant relative velocity v along one of the chosen axis, are linear orthogonal transformations. In these cases Lorentz transformations are a group and satisfy the fundamental linear transformation rules: L(v)L(u’)= L(u). Where the resultant transformation is a Lorentz transformation as well with the 2 ' u=(v+u)/(1+ ) vu c . In general, when the relative resultant velocity velocity of the inertial systems S and S have an arbitrary direction, then the Lorentz transformation is not a group and are therefore less discussed as a case. Only a few brave authors mention and discuss this general case (axes of the inertial systems they take parallel to each other as usual). The main linear transformation law fails for the general Lorentz transformation. Since, however, a resultant transformation must be a Lorentz transformation as well, physicist need therefore to add an extra artificial transformation called the Thomas precession, to compensate for the error. This is the Achilles heel in the Lorentz transformation equations in 3D and more precisely in all special and general theory of relativity. Therefore it is an imperative, that the Lorentz transformation equations be replaced by new ones, which must be consistent with linear transformation fundamental laws and have a common sense in respect to reality. Here we shall derive these New transformation equations, using pure mathematical logic without any limitations and the following three postulates: 1. All physical laws have the same mathematical(tensor) form in all inertial systems. 2. There exists a boundary velocity, denoted as c, between micro and macro worlds, which is the same in all i","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric and electric conductivity studies of some pyrimidine compounds and their complexes","authors":"Masoud, M. Ramadan, A. El-samahy, I. Mahmoud, M. H. Al-Saify","doi":"10.15761/ams.1000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ams.1000134","url":null,"abstract":"The values of the dielectric constant (ε), the loss tangent (tan ) and the electrical conductivity (σ) for solutions of ligands barbituric acid(BA),5-nitrobarbituric acid(NBA) in 50%(v/v) MeOH-water also the ligands phenobarbital(PB) and thiouracil(TU) in 50%(v/v) dioxane –water, all at 25°C, in most cases, are decreased by decreasing the concentration. The ln ε-T relationship for solutions of ligands and their complexes pointed to an increase of dielectric constant values with temperature. The presence of hydrogen bonding referred to cooperative reinforcement of dipole fields. NBA has a higher dielectric constant value than BA due to the presence of the electron withdrawing nitro group with large orientational polarization. PB has a lower dielectric constant value than TU since ε decreases as the steric hindrance effect increases. For the complexes, the dielectric constant (ε) values, are higher than that for the ligands. As the atomic number of the metal increases, the dielectric constant (ε) and the loss tangent (tan δ) are mostly decreased to block the charge distribution. The derived values of electrical conductivity that derived from ὲ and tan δ data are regularly decreased and the activation energy (∆E) of the complexes decreased in an irregular trend. The loss tangent (tan δ) increases by increasing the temperature due to a decrease in viscosity, which exerts an increase of the dipole rotation and the polarization of the material. The molar conductance Λm for the electrolytic solutions of BA, NBA, PB and TU at 25°C are increased by decreasing the concentration. The BA, PB and TU ligands are of weak electrolytic nature, while NBA is of strong electrolytic behavior. However, the Λm values for solutions of ligands and their complexes are increased by increasing both temperature and dielectric constant due to the increase of the ionic mobility. Correspondence to: MS Masoud, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, E-mail: drmsmasoud@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130097078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological and biomedical nanoparticles - synthesis and applications","authors":"M. Saboktakin","doi":"10.15761/AMS.1000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/AMS.1000127","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in nanotechnology have impacted the field of therapeutics delivery significantly. This is evidenced by the increase in the number of nanoparticlebased therapeutic products in development over the last two decades. A 2006 global survey conducted by the European Science and Technology Observatory (ESTO) revealed that more than 150 companies are developing nanoscale therapeutics, and 24 nanoparticles therapeutics are currently in clinical use. These drugs are being developed to treat a wide range of diseases, such as fungal or bacterial infections, HIV infections, diabetes and cancers. There are several advantages of using nanoparticles for therapeutics delivery. The use of materials on the nanoscale level provides unprecedented freedom to modify some of the most fundamental properties of therapeutic carriers, such as solubility, diffusivity, bio distribution, release characteristics and immunogenicity. Precise nanoparticle engineering has yielded longer circulation half-lives, superior bioavailability and lower toxicity. For example, the liposomal encapsulation of doxorubicin significantly reduces its most serious and dose-limiting side effect, cardiac toxicity. Correspondence to: Mohammadreza Saboktakin, Nanomaterials synthesis laboratories, NanoBMat Company, GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, E-mail: Saboktakin123@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"1094 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116041983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of electrodeposition: effect of electrolyte current density and conductivity on electroplating thickness","authors":"A. Mahapatro, Santosh Kumar Suggu","doi":"10.15761/ams.1000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ams.1000143","url":null,"abstract":"Electroplating or electrodeposition is a process carried out in an electrochemical cell where a current is used to form a coating on a metal surface. Developing and optimizing conditions for electroplating is time consuming and modeling and simulation could be used to optimize the electrodeposition process. Electrolyte current density and conductivity are important parameters for an electrodeposition system as they dictate the overall efficiency of flow of ions in the electrolyte system and thus optimization of these parameters is necessary. In this manuscript we report the development of a mathematical model to predict the electrodeposition of copper on cobalt chrome alloy in an electrochemical cell with copper and cobalt chrome alloy as the electrodes and copper sulfate as the electrolyte. The developed model was validated using experiments. The coating thickness of the samples was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a thickness gage. At 30 min the model predicted the copper thickness to be 11.7 μm while experimentally the coating thickness was found to be 9.445+/-1.79 (mean +/SD) using SEM and 12.375+/-1.36 (mean +/SD) using thickness gauge. When predicting effect of current density the model accurately predicts general trends however the model seems to vary from experimental values in regions where there is significant effect of the electrochemical double layer that the model does not account for. The model accurately predicts the trend of effect of electrolyte conductivity on coating formation. The model can thus be used as a starting point to predict effect of process parameters on electrodeposition thickness *Correspondence to: Anil Mahapatro, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS 67260, USA, Tel: 316-978-5912; E-mail: anil.mahapatro@wichita.edu","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129149796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of bijoypur clay-crystalline cellulose composite for application as an adsorbent","authors":"Md. Minhajul Islam, M. N. Khan, Shanta Biswas, T. R. Choudhury, Papia Haque, T. Rashid, M. Rahman","doi":"10.15761/AMS.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/AMS.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"Biocomposite prepared from cellulose and Bijoypur clay (Kaolinite) exhibited enhanced properties compared to their original counterparts. Cellulose extracted from jute fiber and Bijoypur clay modified with a surfactant were combined to fabricate a biocomposite by exfoliation-adsorption method. A comparative study was carried out to determine thermal stability and adsorption capacity of the composite and raw materials. Characterizations of the biocomposites were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. FT-IR analysis showed successful modification of clay and incorporation of polymer and organoclay in the biocomposites. The composite has exhibited better thermal properties with increasing clay percentage in TGA analysis. Moreover, the composite showed improved adsorption capacity of hexavalent chromium in stock solution compared to natural adsorbent such as cellulose and clay. Correspondence to: Mohammed Mizanur Rahman, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tel: +880-2-9661920-70/7392; Fax: +880-2-9667222; E-mail: mizanur.rahman@du.ac.bd","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization of Cu, N co-doped TiO2 microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities","authors":"Honghong Liu, M. Zou, B. V. Hakala, Rasaki Sefiu Abolaji, Minghui Yang","doi":"10.15761/AMS.1000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/AMS.1000114","url":null,"abstract":"The mesoporous Copper, nitrogen co-doped TiO2 microspheres was prepared via solvothermal approach, followed by nitriding treatment under an ammonia gas flow. The crystalline structures of the as-prepared catalyst and the chemical compositions of Cu,N co-doped TiO2 were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared sample was investigated by monitoring the degradation of Rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation. Experimental results indicated that mesoporous Cu,N co-doped TiO2 microspheres showed higher photocatalytic activity than Cu-TiO2 microspheres and anatase TiO2 under visible light irradiation. The higher photocatalytic activity of the mesoporous Cu,N co-doped TiO2 microspheres sample could be attributed to the synergistic effects of large BET surface area, extended light absorption, efficient charge separation which was stabilized by the presence of oxygen vacancies. It was discovered that, valence states maintain stability after nitriding treatment. The sample synthesized from 0.1% molar quantity of Cu dopant, and nitrided at 400°C for 30 min gave the highest photocatalytic activity. Correspondence to: Minghui Yang, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo, 315201 China, Tel/Fax: +86-411-85168242, E-mail: myang@nimte.ac.cn","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115597866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explanation of the Mass-Energy Equivalence Formula","authors":"Boris S. Dizhechko","doi":"10.15761/AMS.1000108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/AMS.1000108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121084818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and Morphological Study of Arecanut Leaf Sheath (ALS), Coconut Leaf Sheath (CLS) and Coconut Stem Fiber (CSF)","authors":"P. Poddar, M. Asad, M. S. Islam, S. Sultana, H. Nur, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.15761/AMS.1000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/AMS.1000112","url":null,"abstract":"A quantitative as well as morphological analysis of three fibers (arecanut leaf sheath, coconut leaf sheath and coconut stem fiber) is showed here. FT-IR analysis of these fibers is also done for finding the difference of functional groups in the frequency domains of 4000-650 cm-1. Chemical analysis of fibers shows a comparative amount of chemical components such as aqueous extract, pectic matters, lignin, α–cellulose, hemicellulose, fatty and waxy matters in percent. Arecanut leaf sheath fiber represents the highest percent of α-cellulose. SEM analysis investigate the characteristics of the surface of the fibers. Correspondence to: Pinku Poddar, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail: p.pinku@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"212 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116113056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic activity in methane oxidation of La1-xCaxCoO3-δ (х = 0-1) perovskites prepared by mechanochemical route","authors":"Isupova La, Yakovleva Is, Sutormina Ef, Gerasimov Ey, Rogov Va","doi":"10.15761/ams.1000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ams.1000141","url":null,"abstract":"A number of perovskite-like oxides La1-xCaxCoO3-δ (x = 0-1) prepared by the mechanochemical method were studied in respect of their catalytic activities to methane oxidation. Mechanochemical route as compared with ceramic route results in increase a substitution degree in La1-xCaxСoO3-δ oxides from x=0.3 up to x=0.5 even at lower temperature and duration of calcination. The introduction of calcium resulted in a non-monotonic decrease in the catalytic activity upon an increase in x with the intermediate maximum at x=0.3-0.5. The catalytic activities decreased in the series: LaCoO3> La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 > La0.8Ca0.2CoO3 > Ca2Co2O5. The observed changes in the catalytic activity of the calcium-containing samples correlate with variations in the proportion of weakly bonded oxygen species (or Cо+4 cations) only in the composition range x=0.1-0.4. The higher activity of lanthanum cobaltite may be accounted for by the presence of cobalt oxide particles on the perovskite surface, while the decrease in the activity at x>0.4 by the emergence of calcium oxide on the perovskite surface and by the appearance of the less active brownmillerite phase. *Correspondence to: Isupova LA, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of the catalysts and supports for high temperature catalytic processes, Novosibirsk, Russia, Tel: +7383-3269-603; E-mail: isupova@catalysis.ru","PeriodicalId":408511,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Materials Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132858482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}