Genocide Studies International最新文献_第2页

Nagorno-Karabakh’s Right to Self-Determination 纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫的自决权

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2023-0011

Geoffrey Robertson

{"title":"Nagorno-Karabakh’s Right to Self-Determination","authors":"Geoffrey Robertson","doi":"10.3138/gsi-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/gsi-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Historically, Nagorno-Karabakh has always been occupied predominantly by Armenians. It was wrongly allocated to Azerbaijan by Lenin in 1921, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union its people voted for independence and recruited a local army of their own people to fight the civil war, 1991-4. During the siege of Stepanakert (a grave Azeri war crime), the road between that city and Goris (in Armenia) took on the status of a humanitarian corridor, secured by the justifiable capture of the town of Lachin. The author has interviewed some of the war commanders and victims and draws on their evidence, filed with the European Court of Human Rights but never before published, to explain how “the right of belligerent reprisal” arose to justify protecting the civilian population by taking and keeping the corridor. A legal precedent can be found in the “safe havens” established for Iraqi Kurds in Iraq. Nagorno-Karabakh has a strong argument for self-determination, following on from the precedents from East Timor and Kosovo. And it satisfies the tests for statehood laid down in the MonteVideo Convention. Given its vulnerability to Azeri attack by the prolonged illegal blockade of the Lachin corridor, it may be that nothing will succeed except secession.","PeriodicalId":40844,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies International","volume":"15 1","pages":"45 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46112926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Impunity, Lack of Humanitarian Intervention, and International Apathy: The Blockade of the Lachin Corridor in Historical Perspective 有罪不罚、缺乏人道主义干预和国际冷漠:历史视角下的拉钦走廊封锁

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2023-0008

Bedross Der Matossian

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Genocide by Other Means: Heritage Destruction, National Narratives, and the Azeri Assault on the Indigenous Armenians of Karabakh 其他方式的种族灭绝:遗产破坏、民族叙事和阿塞拜疆人对卡拉巴赫土著亚美尼亚人的攻击

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2023-0009

Armen T. Marsoobian

{"title":"Genocide by Other Means: Heritage Destruction, National Narratives, and the Azeri Assault on the Indigenous Armenians of Karabakh","authors":"Armen T. Marsoobian","doi":"10.3138/gsi-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/gsi-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The propaganda efforts of the authoritarian Aliyev regime in Baku and the general Western ignorance of the history of the South Caucasus have contributed to the lack of meaningful response to the genocidal aggression that Azerbaijan has inflicted on the indigenous Armenians of Artsakh, known to many as Nagorno-Karabakh. The humanitarian crisis created by the Azeri blockade of the Lachin Corridor is only the most recent step in a process of cleansing the region of its Armenian population, a process that began in the early years of the twentieth century. The Ottoman Turkish genocide of Armenians in 1915–1923 is not a distinct event of the past but a process whose ideology is central to the Azeri-Turkish genocidal violence perpetrated against Armenians in the present. An integral component of the processes of genocide is cultural heritage destruction as noted by Raphael Lemkin. The erasure of most signs of the indigenous Armenian presence on its historic homeland was particularly pronounced in the decades following the Armenian Genocide and continues today. Cultural erasure went hand in hand with Turkish state genocide denial and the rewriting and mythologizing of its national narrative. Azerbaijan has been following a similar playbook since the collapse of the Soviet Union. These genocidal processes of denial, heritage destruction, and the rewriting of history are what I describe as “genocide by other means.”","PeriodicalId":40844,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies International","volume":"15 1","pages":"21 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46210563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Front Matter 前页

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.3138/gsi.15.1.fm

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Editor's Introduction 编辑简介

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2023-0307

Adam Muller

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Front Matter 前页

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3138/gsi.14.2.fm

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How to Win a Genocide Case: Analyzing the Triple Strategy of the Advocates of the Rohingya in Myanmar 如何赢得种族灭绝案件:分析缅甸罗兴亚人倡导者的三重策略

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2021-0006

Hilly Moodrick-Even Khen

{"title":"How to Win a Genocide Case: Analyzing the Triple Strategy of the Advocates of the Rohingya in Myanmar","authors":"Hilly Moodrick-Even Khen","doi":"10.3138/gsi-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/gsi-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar was subjected to discrimination and gross violations of human rights for many decades. During the last two waves of military crackdowns in Rakhine State (October 2016 to January 2017; August to September 2017), the Tatmadaw army and civilians committed atrocities against the Rohingya that amounted to crimes against humanity and genocide. Advocates for the Rohingya's suffering took action to leverage the findings of the investigations of international mechanisms. They endeavored for an international condemnation of Myanmar at the ICJ, and they filed a complaint in an Argentinian court for the application of universal jurisdiction to prosecute the military and the political leadership responsible for ordering and committing the atrocities. They also encouraged an investigation of the atrocities in the ICC. The litigators’ main focus was set on genocide. However, while genocide carries the stigma of being the most heinous of crimes, it is also the hardest to prove, particularly the special intent to commit it. This article assesses the chances of the triple strategy applied by the Rohingya advocates. It argues that litigating the case in three different fora, assures that the forums back each other up, so that the flaws of one are compensated by the others. Thus, the chances for accountability for the crime of genocide are increased. The fora work interoperably to achieve the goal of proving the occurrence of genocide in Myanmar so as to impose state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility.","PeriodicalId":40844,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45417923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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US Federal Off-Reservation Boarding Schools and Ethnocide's Benevolent Perpetrator 美国联邦非保留地寄宿学校与种族灭绝的仁慈肇事者

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2021-0003

S. Kunze

{"title":"US Federal Off-Reservation Boarding Schools and Ethnocide's Benevolent Perpetrator","authors":"S. Kunze","doi":"10.3138/gsi-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/gsi-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The United States federal off-reservation Indian boarding schools of the twentieth century have been the locale for ethnocide and cultural genocide of the Native American population. While in any critical discussion of mass atrocity crimes, such as genocide and ethnocide, the question of the perpetrators always ranks central, not much attention has been paid to the perpetrators of ethnocide who operated in these off-reservation boarding schools. Furthermore, scholarship has focused on perpetrators in genocide but has not spent much time considering the definitional nuances between perpetrators in ethnocide and genocide. In this paper, I highlight an additional perpetrator type that applies specifically to ethnocide, which is an addition to existing perpetrator typologies. This benevolent perpetrator, who is specific to ethnocidal crimes, can for instance be found in United States federal off-reservation Indian boarding schools between 1878 and 1934. Paying attention to these perpetrators and considering them as a unique type, will allow for furthering and developing our understanding of ethnocide, perpetration and complicity, and assimilation practices in off-reservation boarding schools. Furthermore, this discussion is embedded in the debate about the applicability of the terms genocide and ethnocide in a settler-colonial context.","PeriodicalId":40844,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies International","volume":"14 1","pages":"133 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Families Formed Under Forced Marriage During the Genocide in Cambodia: Exploring the Perspectives of Men, Women, and Children 柬埔寨种族灭绝期间在强迫婚姻下组建的家庭：探索男性、女性和儿童的视角

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2022-0017

M. Denov, Antonio Piolanti, Pok Panhavichetr, Sopheap Suong

{"title":"Families Formed Under Forced Marriage During the Genocide in Cambodia: Exploring the Perspectives of Men, Women, and Children","authors":"M. Denov, Antonio Piolanti, Pok Panhavichetr, Sopheap Suong","doi":"10.3138/gsi-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/gsi-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper explores the realities of men and women forced to marry by the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, as well as the perspectives of children born of forced marriages. Forced marriage has been predominantly investigated in relation to violence and coercion towards girls and women. However, less attention has been paid to forced unions involving both spouses, as well as to children born of these couples. Data were collected from 80 participants, including in-depth interviews with 28 women and 30 men who experienced forced marriage, and focus groups with 22 children born of forced marriages. Those who experienced forced marriage highlighted the coercion and threats of violence that underlay the marriage process. However, interviews also pointed to spouses' key coping mechanisms and resources, such as the long-term acceptance of the marriage and support from larger community, which sustained positive familial relations. Children born of these unions, who regarded their parents' marriage as generally loving and supportive, corroborated these findings. Our study revealed the ways in which forced marriages within the context of genocide were not necessarily characterized by domestic violence and abuse. We suggest that the shared and widespread nature of forced marriage and post-genocide community support may play a role in leading to positive family relationships in the context of unwanted unions.","PeriodicalId":40844,"journal":{"name":"Genocide Studies International","volume":"14 1","pages":"172 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49422811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The Genocide Convention and Presidential Priorities, 1948–1988 1948–1988年《灭绝种族罪公约》和总统优先事项

Genocide Studies International Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3138/gsi-2021-0012

Bailey D. Barnes

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