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Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science最新文献

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Flame weeding: Effects of burner angle on weed control and temperature patterns 火焰除草:燃烧器角度对除草控制和温度模式的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362505
J. Ascard
{"title":"Flame weeding: Effects of burner angle on weed control and temperature patterns","authors":"J. Ascard","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362505","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of flame burner angle on control of small weeds were studied in the field. An open burner was directed at five angles towards the ground: 45 and 67° aimed forwards and backwards, and 90° straight down. A burner angle of 67° directed backwards gave the highest weed reduction, but there were no significant differences between the effects of the different burner angles. Weed species with protected growing points were tolerant to flames, whereas species with sensitive leaves and exposed growing points were susceptible. Temperatures in the flame were measured 1 cm above the ground in a rail track in the laboratory with the same burner angles and speed that were used in the field. The temperature‐time curves were analysed for maximum temperatures as well as the period of time and temperature sum above certain temperatures. There were significant differences in temperature between different burner angles but no significant relationships between the different thermal parameters obtained in the laborat...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"248-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87616241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Effect of genotype and environment on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) 基因型和环境对越橘营养和生殖特性的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362506
I. Hjalmarsson, R. Ortiz
{"title":"Effect of genotype and environment on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.)","authors":"I. Hjalmarsson, R. Ortiz","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362506","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out using cuttings and seedlings from 11 selected clones of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) planted at Balsgard, Sweden, in 1982. Daughter plants from two different clones and their corresponding seedling progenies were transferred to a Biothron at Alnarp, Sweden, in 1988. These two clones and their respective seedling populations were cultivated under conditions of controlled temperature and humidity, but in distinct environments with direct light and shade. Data on vegetative and reproductive growth were recorded. A small additional experiment to verify the effects of light on development was performed in frames at Alnarp. The results suggest that the genotype of wild lingonberry accessions controls their spreading ability (i.e. number of rhizomes), influences its growth, thereby affecting plant height, and determines the number of vegetative shoots, total number of shoots and berry set. Furthermore, light influences plant height, vegetative shoots and number of fer...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83674080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Use of a hand‐held chlorophyll meter in winter wheat: Evaluation of different measuring positions on the leaves 手持式叶绿素计在冬小麦中的应用:叶片上不同测量位置的评价
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362502
B. Hoel
{"title":"Use of a hand‐held chlorophyll meter in winter wheat: Evaluation of different measuring positions on the leaves","authors":"B. Hoel","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362502","url":null,"abstract":"A portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD‐502) was used to assess the nitrogen status of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two fertilizer trials at Apelsvoll Research Centre, located in south‐east Norway. The midpoint of the last fully developed leaf was found to be the best position on the winter wheat plant on which to take chlorophyll meter readings. This conclusion was reached after examination of the relationships between soil‐plant analyses development (SPAD) readings taken at different positions on the plant and leaf nitrogen concentration, grain yield and grain protein content. Emphasis was also laid on finding a measuring position that was convenient from a practical point of view. The relationships between chlorophyll meter readings and the parameters investigated were better at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 49 than earlier in the season at GS 31.","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"222-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88941360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
Effects of depth and time of ploughing on yields of spring cereals and potatoes and on soil properties of a morainic loam soil 耕深和耕时对春粮和马铃薯产量及摩硝性壤土土壤性质的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362499
H. Riley, E. Ekeberg
{"title":"Effects of depth and time of ploughing on yields of spring cereals and potatoes and on soil properties of a morainic loam soil","authors":"H. Riley, E. Ekeberg","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362499","url":null,"abstract":"A tillage trial was performed on morainic loam soil in south‐east Norway over the years 1985–97. Two times of mouldboard ploughing (autumn and spring) were compared, together with four depths of ploughing (0, 10, 20 and 30 cm) on soil previously ploughed to 20 cm. Three crops (spring barley, spring wheat and potatoes) were grown each year in rotation. Soil physical analyses were performed 6 years after the start of the trial and soil chemical analyses after 10 years. A marked plough pan was found at a depth of 23–27 cm with the reference ploughing depth. Deeper ploughing gave a greater storage capacity for plant available moisture, but somewhat lower total nutrient reserves than shallower ploughing. Shallow tillage led to increased soil density, but not to such an extent that soil aeration was likely to be limiting. The concentration of organic matter increased in the surface layer with shallow tillage, but the total amount present differed little between treatments when related to a fixed mass of topsoil...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Aeration improves the hygiene of cattle slurry and the quality of grass forage and silage 通气可以改善牛浆的卫生状况，提高牧草和青贮饲料的质量
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362501
H. Heinonen‐Tanski, Petri Leinonen, E. Niskanen, Minna M. Mielonen, Harri Räsänen, Tiina Valta, K. Rinne, E. Joki-Tokola
{"title":"Aeration improves the hygiene of cattle slurry and the quality of grass forage and silage","authors":"H. Heinonen‐Tanski, Petri Leinonen, E. Niskanen, Minna M. Mielonen, Harri Räsänen, Tiina Valta, K. Rinne, E. Joki-Tokola","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362501","url":null,"abstract":"The aeration of slurry at mesophilic temperature improves its hygiene, provided no fresh slurry is added to the tank during the 3–4 weeks of aeration. Microorganisms, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and related species and coliphages, were reduced by 90–99.9%. However, the number of Clostridium was not affected. The typical odour of slurry diminished. The use of aerated slurry as fertilizer on growing grass may cause less risk of contamination either by enteric microorganisms or by butyric acid‐producing clostridia than the use of non‐aerated slurry. The hygiene level of grass was also sufficient when grown in a cold, rainy late summer and used for silage. None of the 62 samples of silage prepared from a second‐harvest grown in rainy conditions and fertilized with aerated slurry were found to have deteriorated. However, three samples out of 63 made during the same period but fertilized with non‐aerated slurry were observed to have deteriorated completely. Neither spreading method, ...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"212-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91282214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Effects of light and temperature on seed germination of Poa pratensis from high latitudes 光照和温度对高纬度草芥种子萌发的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362504
T. Aamlid, Dagfinn Arntsen
{"title":"Effects of light and temperature on seed germination of Poa pratensis from high latitudes","authors":"T. Aamlid, Dagfinn Arntsen","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362504","url":null,"abstract":"One‐to‐three‐year‐old seed of Poa pratensis \"Lavang”;, “Leikra”; and “Ryss”; was germinated under various temperature and light regimes on a thermogradient plate and on paper or in soil in phytotron compartments. While the optimal constant temperature for germination of Lavang and Leikra in 12 h light/12 h dark cycles was around 16°C, Ryss germinated nearly 100% over the 10–28°C temperature range. Compared with constant temperatures, daily fluctuations, even at the small amplitude 18/15°C, stimulated germination of Lavang and Leikra. Dark germination was inferior to germination in light/ dark cycles at constant temperatures of 15°C and higher, but light showed no advantage at alternating temperature. Continuous light inhibited germination regardless of light source (fluorescent, incandescent or natural). The stimulating effect of daily light/dark cycles increased, but the inhibiting effect of continuous light decreased with increasing seed age. It is concluded that seed of Poa pratensis ought to be covere...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80555043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Biogeochemistry and weathering in a forest catchment and an arable field in central Sweden 瑞典中部森林集水区和耕地的生物地球化学和风化
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362500
B. Ulén, S. Snäll
{"title":"Biogeochemistry and weathering in a forest catchment and an arable field in central Sweden","authors":"B. Ulén, S. Snäll","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362500","url":null,"abstract":"Fluxes of base cations, nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated in a long‐term study at a forest site and a nearby arable site in central Sweden. At both sites soil mineralogy was reflected in the stream water concentrations, especially during base‐flow. Weathering rates for the major base cations and natrium (SBC + Na) in the forest soil calculated from empirical relationships and quartz distribution in the soil profile were 0.4 and 0.3 kmolc ha−1 year−1, respectively. Simulations using the PROFILE model of forest soil predicted a weathering rate of 0.6 kmolc ha−1 year−1 Net vegetation uptake of base cations was calculated to be larger, at 0.8 kmolc ha−1 year−1 In the soil of the arable site biogeochemical fluxes resulting from weathering and biomass removal were one order of magnitude faster. Budget calculations for the arable land indicated that a weathering rate of 7 kmolcha −1 year −1 was needed to keep the system in balance. Weathering of Mg was estimated to be equal to the amount applied as ferti...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79487437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Effects of Kocide 101® on the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)‐Rhizobium symbiosis Kocide 101®对菜豆根瘤菌共生的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362496
F. Baijukya, E. Semu
{"title":"Effects of Kocide 101® on the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)‐Rhizobium symbiosis","authors":"F. Baijukya, E. Semu","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362496","url":null,"abstract":"A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the copper fungicide Kocide 101 and its residues in soil on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The soil used was a sandy clay loam classified as Typic Rhodustalf. The bean variety SUA 90 was used as test crop. The bean rhizobia strains CIAT 899, PV, and a local isolate were used. Kocide 101 applied at the recommended rate (equivalent to 1.7 mg kg‐1 soil) had no significant negative effects on the growth, nodulation or nitrogen fixation of bean plants. Higher levels of Kocide 101 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The bean plants inoculated with the “local isolate”; rhizobia had the highest dry matter weights, nodule numbers and nodule dry weights, and also had more N fixation. They were followed by those inoculated with the PV, strain and, lastly, those inoculated with CIAT 899. The growth and nodulation of bean plants were still curtailed by the Kocide ...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85934777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.) CULTIVATED IN FINLAND 环境因子对燕麦产量和品质的影响芬兰栽培
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362490
M. Saastamoinen
{"title":"EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.) CULTIVATED IN FINLAND","authors":"M. Saastamoinen","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362490","url":null,"abstract":"Grain yield and yield quality characteristics were studied in the two oat varieties, Puhti and Veli, during 4 different years, 1987–90. The growing period of 1987 was extremely cold, while 1988 was warm and dry. Oat trials were established at eight locations throughout the oat cultivation area of Finland. Information on climatic and edaphic factors, as well as fertilization levels, was used to explain the variation in grain yield and quality characteristics by multiple step‐wise regression analysis. High temperatures during the growing period (x) significantly decreased grain yields (y) in the early variety Veli (y = 9241 — 335x). P fertilization was the main yield increasing factor in the later Puhti variety. The early variety, Veli, is better adapted to cultivation in a cool climate than the later variety, Puhti. Protein content was significantly decreased by heavy precipitation and oil content significantly increased by a low temperature during the growing period in both test varieties. High precipitat...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73595351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
SEED YIELD OF MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS HUDS.) IN NORWAY AND DENMARK : THE EFFECTS OF LOCATIONS, CULTIVARS AND AUTUMN MANAGEMENT 草甸羊茅(festuca pratensis huds)种子产量在挪威和丹麦:地点、品种和秋季管理的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362492
L. T. Havstad
{"title":"SEED YIELD OF MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS HUDS.) IN NORWAY AND DENMARK : THE EFFECTS OF LOCATIONS, CULTIVARS AND AUTUMN MANAGEMENT","authors":"L. T. Havstad","doi":"10.1080/09064719809362492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064719809362492","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine genetic differences in seed yield potential, the optimal locations for seed production and optimal management after the first seed harvest, experiments with different timing of cutting and nitrogen application in autumn were conducted in three Scandinavian cultivars of meadow fescue (Saiten—origin 67° N, Fure—origin 61° N, and Senu Pajbjerg—origin 56° N) at the Norwegian locations Kvithamar (63.3° N), Staur (60.5° N), Landvik (58.2° N) and the Danish location Roskilde (55.4° N). The relative seed yields of ‘Saiten’, ‘Fure’ and ‘Senu Pajbjerg’ were 100, 171 and 175 on average for the first ley year, 100, 126 and 141 on average for the second ley year and 100, 115 and 116 on average for third ley year, respectively. A higher seed yield potential of the predominant Danish cultivar probably explains the commonly reported difference in seed yield between Norway and Denmark. Within Norway, seed yields normally decreased from south to north, with the lowest seed yields produced at Kvithamar...","PeriodicalId":40817,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"144-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76564583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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