Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Effect of Sodium Chloride, Cement and Silica Sand Contamination in Water-Based Drilling Mud","authors":"A. Salihu, K. Maina, O. Ogolo, I. Okafor, J. Chior","doi":"10.2118/217244-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217244-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drilling operation efficiency is improved by the effective and regular monitoring of drilling mud properties when drilling a well. The type of drilling fluid or drilling mud used, the kind of pollutant, and the degree of contamination all affect how bad the contamination is. When contamination is so significant that treating it would be virtually impossible, drilling mud will be needed to be dumped. In order to ensure that the mud performs as intended, it is vital to keep an eye and monitor on its qualities for contamination. This research shows an experimental investigation into how some physical characteristics of water-based drilling mud are affected by contamination with sodium chloride, cement, and silica sand. Four mud samples were formulated, and three of them included 2 to 8 g of NaCl, cement, and silica sand contamination. The rheological properties as well as temperature, density and pH of the formulated mud were determined. Analysis of the results shows that the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength as well as the pH, density and temperature of the used mud increased with increasing concentration of Cement. However, when the content of NaCl increased, all of the rheological characteristics of the produced mud considerably reduced. The NaCl caused a quick rise in mud temperature, a little drop in mud pH, and a slight increase in mud density.\u0000 Furthermore, the apparent viscosity, yield point, gel strength, density and temperature of the formulated mud rapidly increased when the amount of silica sand was raised. The mud pH also increased slightly with increase in the quantity of Silica Sand. While the plastic viscosity decreases rapidly as the concentration of Silica Sand increased.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116081330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of an SI Engine Operating on a Dual Gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fuel","authors":"A. Archibong-Eso, E. U. Archibong-Eso, J. Enyia, D. Igbong","doi":"10.2118/217229-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217229-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The economic growth of nations often coincides with an increase in energy consumption. As countries develop, their energy demand naturally rises. In Nigeria, this demand is primarily met with conventional fossil fuels, which have resulted in environmental degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. In response to the Paris Agreement of 2015, which seeks to limit global warming, many nations made pledges and commitments towards cleaner energy options to help mitigate climate change. This article presents experimental investigations conducted on a mini-internal combustion engine test bed commonly used for power generation in Nigeria. The test bed is a single-cylinder, two-stroke, single overhead camshaft (SOHC), 6.5 HP spark ignition (SI) gasoline engine, typically used as an off-grid backup power source for low- and middle-income households. The engine was slightly modified to run on dual liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and gasoline fuel using a dual-fuel carburetor. Our findings reveal that gasoline produced marginally better operational mean effective pressure (OMEP) of about 13.26 kPa and engine torque (and power), 49 RPM relative to LPG, with OMEP of 12.24 kPa and 45 RPM, respectively. LPG, on the other hand, outperformed gasoline in terms of engine efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and energy pricing. Despite the engine test bed being designed and optimized for gasoline fuel, LPG showed significant promise as a viable fuel in a gasoline SI engine.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128631847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Decarbonizing the Oil and Gas Industries","authors":"H. Oruwari, L. Itsekor","doi":"10.2118/217179-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217179-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of the study is to investigate the strategies for the decarbonization of the oil and gas industry. Strategies are general programmes of action with an implied commitment of emphasis and resources to achieve a basic mission. The greatest problem facing humanity is to transit from fuel-based energy system to a sustainable and decarbonized system. There is no industry with the greatest sustainability challenges than the oil and gas industry because they are known to be among the most polluting industries in the world. The research methodology involved the use of literature review and case study of some companies, data was collected and thematically analyzed. The study findings revealed that oil and gas company can decarbonize the industry by various strategies such as changing power sources, implementing improved technologies and adopting energy efficiency in their operations, flaring through improved additional gas processing and infrastructure, reducing routine flaring through improved reliability of equipment, rebalancing portfolio, the use of renewables, electrifying operations, increasing the use of carbon capture and storage. transformation of carbon dioxide into useful product for example, the use of Carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery. In summary it is recommended that the oil and gas industry should diversify by incorporating other forms of energy and technologies with less polluting carbon dioxide and other green gas emission to decarbonize the system. Capacity building and training of personnel is very necessary to cope with these transition strategies in order to meet the Paris climate change target.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128472161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility Study of Thermal EOR Techniques in Unconventional Heavy Oil Reservoirs in the Niger Delta: An Experimental and Numerical Simulation Approach","authors":"J. E. Odo, C. C. Ahamefule, O. Nwanwe, P. Ekeopara, C. C. Monsonagor, C. C. Nwanwe","doi":"10.2118/217243-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217243-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The exploration and production of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs have gained significant attention in recent years due to their increasing importance as a source of energy. Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the unique characteristics of unconventional reservoirs is essential to optimize the recovery of these resources. The Niger Delta region, while currently undergoing the secondary recovery phase for some conventional projects, has significant potential for unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. This study employed a combination of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to evaluate the feasibility and recovery efficiency of steam flooding and hot water injection for heavy oil recovery in unconventional oil reservoirs in the Niger Delta region. Core samples with a porosity range of 7% – 10% were used in the laboratory examination of steam flooding performance. 2D homogeneous reservoir models with two wells were developed using a reservoir simulator to match the steam flooding experiment and to simulate hot water injections for each core sample. Three independent parameters (injection rate, injection temperature, and injection pressure) were used in each model. The Box-Behnken Design was used to generate simulation runs per the observed recovery method using the maximum and minimum values of the independent parameter. Formation's porosity and permeability range variation was accounted for in the model using Uncertainty analysis. The Experimental design software was used to examine the input and output data and generate a Response Surface model (RSM) that correlates recovery efficiency and the independent parameters. Results indicate that steam flooding is a more practical/feasible solution for heavy oil recovery in these types of reservoirs with an average of 11% recovery. The study provides valuable insights for future field development and production planning in low-porosity unconventional reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121675195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Fabrication of a Core Flooding Apparatus for Polymer Flooding Using Potato Starch and Xanthan Gum","authors":"Monique Amarachukwu Ofulue","doi":"10.2118/217246-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217246-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the declines in oil discoveries during the last decades, it is believed that Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)technologies will play a key role to meet the energy demand in years to come. Different processes have been designed to improve displacement efficiency by reducing residual oil saturation. However, polymer flooding was designed to improve sweep efficiency by improving the mobility ratio. In Nigeria, EOR materials and technologies are virtually imported, making them limited and expensive to use. This study is aimed at designing and constructing an efficient locally made core flooding apparatus, to carry out EOR experiments (flooding) and also to investigate the suitability of using locally sourced polysaccharide, potato starch in place of xanthan gum in polymer flooding, considering cost and concentration. The core flooding laboratory equipment was personally designed and fabricated to carry out the experiments at room temperature and pressure. Six core samples (P1 – P3; X1 – X3) with sand particle size of 425um were used and saturated with brine of concentration 10,000ppm and 1wt% salinity while heavy crude of API 18.21 was flooded through each sample. After water flooding, potato starch and xanthan gum prepared at 2,000ppm,4000ppm and 6000ppm concentration were flooded for tertiary recovery. The result showed that xanthan gum gave better recovery than potato starch but at concentration of 6000ppm, potato starch gave a recovery of 28.57% which is close to that of xanthan gum (30.56% recovery). Also, in respect to cost, xanthan gum cost ₦9,000 for 0.227 kg and an estimate of ₦40,000 for 1kg while potato starch cost ₦2,000 for 0.227kg and ₦9,000 for 1 kg, making xanthan gum more expensive than potato starch. This shows that potato starch, which is a cheaper polymer agent, gives better recovery at higher concentrations, hence can be applied in the oil and gas industry when more research is carried out on it for better improvement.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128880348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Drilling Fluid Losses, Mitigation and Recovery while Transiting from Depleted to Overpressured Zones","authors":"Chibuzo Ogbonna Nwamaioha, B. Tichelaar, Onyeka Samuel Anyaegbu","doi":"10.2118/217098-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217098-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Identification of the extent of potential drilling challenges that could be encountered while transitioning from depleted or normally pressured zones to overpressured zones has never been straightforward. Front-End Engineering activities such as geological evaluation/modelling, drilling fluid (mud) designs, casing shoe setting depth selection criteria (formation isolation intervals), etc. comprise the minimum design inputs required to ensure safe and cost-efficient drilling through steep pressure ramps. However, these have not resulted in guaranteed success while drilling, as was seen in several wells studied in the same field.\u0000 This paper discusses the case of an overpressured well in the Niger Delta where severe mud losses of over 120bbls/hr were encountered while drilling through an overpressured inter-reservoir shale below a depleted sand. Several attempts to cure the losses and strengthen the wellbore yielded varying degrees of success especially when measured against time in static and dynamic conditions. Further analysis of the petrophysical data indicated that the upper part of the inter-reservoir shale, just beneath the depleted zone, sits in a near-hydrostatic pressure regime with lower fracture gradient while the lower part of that shale layer is significantly overpressured with, consequently, higher fracture gradient. Petrophysical data, pore pressure prediction models and wellbore integrity considerations are integrated in a novel way to yield far-reaching insights into the impact of inter-reservoir shales on well design. This, together with loss circulation treatment options, is determined to result in improved characterization of hole stability risks and overall drillability of the well.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128913667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition Effect of Order Brassicales Plant Extract (BPE) on Methane Gas Hydrate Formation in a Gas Dominated System","authors":"V. U. Wachikwu-Elechi, S. S. Ikiensikimama, J. Ajienka","doi":"10.2118/217155-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217155-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Problems related to gas hydrate formation abound in oil field operations due to deep offshore activities, leading to severe adverse effects and safety problems all of which add to operating cost (OPEX). Prevention of these problems is key. The use THIs and KHIs have been explored but has their disadvantages. Due to the alarming rate of environmental degradation via toxic substances, there is an urgent need for friendly alternatives for both humans and the environment. This study compares the use of Brassicales Extract (BPE) and Poly n-vinyl caprolactam (N-VCap) as gas hydrate inhibitors. The BPE was evaluated using a locally fabricated stainless pipe mini flow loop. Hydrate formation and inhibition experiments were carried out for a period of 120 minutes with pressure and temperature readings recorded every 2 minutes. A rapid decrease in pressure and sudden increase in temperature are pointers to hydrate formation in the constant volume batch process loop. Microsoft excel was used to generate plots relevant to hydrate formation and inhibition. The various pressure plots showed that the BPE performed better than the conventional in most weight percentages considered. Pressure decline and temperature increase was more regulated in the systems with BPE unlike in the uninhibited experiment. The Volume of gas used up in the BPE inhibited system were 23.3, 14.7, 16.7, 15.3 and 12.7% for 0.01-0.05wt% respectively while for N-VCap, the volume of gas used up for the same weight percentage were 24, 17.3,22, 10.7 and 29.3% at the end of the experiments. BPE has inhibition efficiency values of 69.3, 80.7, 78.07, 79.82 and 83.3% for 0.01-0.05wt% respectively while that of the synthetic inhibitor was 68.42, 77.2, 71.1, 86 and 61.4%. It is recommended that the BPE be developed for gas hydrate inhibition because it did very well and is environmentally friendly unlike the N-VCap which is a toxicant.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127633662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Simulation Approach to Develop Erosional Velocity Correlation for Wells in Oil Rim Reservoirs in the Niger Delta","authors":"S. E. Ukpong, A. Livinus","doi":"10.2118/217172-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217172-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Erosion is a major issue that could be encountered in the oil and gas production and transportation facilities. Oil and gas companies have always tried to develop proper methods to limit erosion to an acceptable level. For many years now, many oil and gas field operators have adopted the America Petroleum Institute recommended practice 14E (API RP 14E) equation to estimate the erosional velocity. Unfortunately, the C-factors in the API RP 14E equation has been generalized, even to conditions and applications where it was invalid, resulting to varying degree of success.\u0000 In this work, thousands of well performance simulations were carried out to generate stable operating production rates using data from vertical wells in oil rim reservoirs in the Niger Delta. Approximate model was then developed for erosional velocity calculation using the least square regression method. Furthermore, the developed model was compared with other existing erosional velocity correlations. The new model can be helpful for the design of production facilities for oil rim reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet of Things Technology for Photovoltaic Smart Sprinkler Systems and Its Analysis","authors":"Ejimuda Chinonyelum, O. Kingsley, Uzodiagu Lilian, Olusola Juliet","doi":"10.2118/217221-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217221-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The advancement of technology has brought about ease of life with the help of technology automation which can be applied virtually in all aspects of living. With the emergence of internet of things, prototyping real state systems has become less expensive and easy to embark on thus creating platforms for development in the oil & gas sector. This research aims to analyze, design, and develop an effortless system powered via solar energy for the control of a sprinkler system and liquid flow void of human intervention. The system was programmed using an Arduino board and other hardware at an adjustable set time with Arduino software. The research is geared at reducing human efforts in irrigation systems, to save cost and time in sprinkling liquid on any system. The use of some weather parameters like humidity, temperature, and moisture sensors; Arduino kits and GSM module constitutes the smart irrigation system setup. The system is automated to feed the necessary quantity of liquid to any given surface based on design parameters with the moisture sensor programmed within 0 to 1023 (0-100%) range. The system adapted a method of pump-start at 40% moisture reading. Various analysis of the research findings has been presented in the work with applicability in remote areas and oil fields void of human intervention.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"63 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114111067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Profitability in Brownfield Field Cluster Production Through Focused Back-To-Basics WRFM Optimization & Restoration: Habic Field Cluster Experience","authors":"Osazuwa B. Uyiosa, Esharegharan Ovokerhoyi, Taro Onajite, Baranu Suka, Ibikunle Gbolade, Obot A. Aniekan","doi":"10.2118/217145-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/217145-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most brown fields have inherent issues ranging from, but not limited to increasing water production, reservoir pressure decline, increasing sand production and wells/facility integrity challenges due to Asset aging. For the Habic Assets, frequent incidents of insecurity and vandalization of facilities has added non-engineering challenges to the effective management of Assets. Well production uptime is highly impacted by this new challenge, and this has necessitated continuous optimization and innovation to ensure that the Asset remains profitable.\u0000 This paper presents the simple and cost-effective approach used by the integrated Petroleum Engineering & Asset Production teams to deliver business promise for the Asset. The integrated team reviewed various strategies to harness the benefits of the age long \"fix-the-basics\" tools to arrest the dwindling fortunes of the Assets. Two key approaches were employed: firstly, surveillance data was incorporated in integrated production system models (IPSM) and using the Chan diagnostic tool, well operating envelopes were defined and used for optimization of producers. Based on the outcome of the reviews, the team proposed several production system optimizations with combined estimated gain of ca. 7800 bopd within allowable rate. Secondly, long closed-in well stock meant for temporary securing in line with standard well integrity recommended practice were flow tested using surveillance data gathered as a guide. The team prioritized strings in terms of historical closed-in tubing head pressure (CITHP), held risk assessments sessions and secured mitigations to perform the flow trial. This led to the identification of 7 conduits with combined potential of 4200 bopd.\u0000 Both restoration and optimization efforts from integrated review of producing and closed-in well stock has added a combined potential of 6200 bopd with a further ca.5800 bopd expected once the outstanding optimization opportunities and open-up of 3 other closed-in wells are implemented and tested.","PeriodicalId":407977,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, August 02, 2023","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129533081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}