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Russian influence works – also in Denmark 俄罗斯的影响起作用了——在丹麦也是如此
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137168
Jeanette Serritzlev
{"title":"Russian influence works – also in Denmark","authors":"Jeanette Serritzlev","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137168","url":null,"abstract":"The article looks at Russian influence in Denmark and seeks to put Russia’s use of influence and information activities outside Russia as a means to achieve foreign policy strategic goals into a larger context. This happens e.g. by creating discord in the West. Russia achieves this, among other things, by means of modern propaganda principles of distributing the messages constantly, massively and repeatedly. The article’s argument is that Russian influence can reach Danish media users in several ways and across platforms. This has become especially clear after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, where former COVID skeptics have largely taken over pro-Kremlin narratives. It is, as the chronicle will unfold, not accidental.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77780574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Russian influence operations in the wars in Ukraine in 2014 and 2022: active measures and maskirovka 俄罗斯在2014年和2022年乌克兰战争中的影响行动:积极措施和面具
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137163
J. Staun, Patrick Eikeland
{"title":"Russian influence operations in the wars in Ukraine in 2014 and 2022: active measures and maskirovka","authors":"J. Staun, Patrick Eikeland","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137163","url":null,"abstract":"How does the Russian security and military elite think about influence operations? How have influence operations been used in practice in the two wars in Ukraine, in 2014 and 2022? We explore this by seeking to capture the Russian understanding of influence operations using the concepts “active measures” and “maskirovka”. As might be expected, Russia has used active measures and maskirovka in the wars against Ukraine. The greatest success was in 2014 when Ukraine and the West were virtually caught off guard and Crimea was captured almost without a fight. However, Russian influence operations have also been successful in 2022 invasion, primarily in misleading Ukraine about where the main attack was being launched. A misdirection that could have had fatal consequences for Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78986030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Denmark’s preparedness against influence operations: Minimalist approach to a complex challenge 丹麦对影响行动的准备:以极简主义方法应对复杂挑战
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137167
M. Jensen, Jens Svensson
{"title":"Denmark’s preparedness against influence operations: Minimalist approach to a complex challenge","authors":"M. Jensen, Jens Svensson","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137167","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2018, Danish governments have considered the threat from hostile influence campaigns sufficiently significant to require a constant readiness to counter such events. Over the years, Danish governments years have taken a minimalistic approach to the complex threats: A task force consisting of civil servants from various ministries supported by the national intelligence services operating under the sectorial responsibility principle. The involved personnel, which solve the task alongside their primary portfolios, are designated as the core in ad-hoc organizations that handle the challenges depending on where they emerge. The analysis compares the Danish minimalist approach with the Swedish approach. Sweden also responds to the challenge using the sector responsibility principle, but contrary to Denmark, Sweden has established a substantial and highly profiled standing organisation with no other tasks.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76823444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kosovo Rusland Serbien
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137157
Dorthe Bach Nyemann
{"title":"Kosovo Rusland Serbien","authors":"Dorthe Bach Nyemann","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137157","url":null,"abstract":"Kosovo er hverken objektet eller målet for russiske påvirkningsoperationer. Formålet med at delegitimere Kosovo er i stedet at styrke alliancen mellem Rusland og Serbien og de serbiske minoriteter på tværs af Balkanregionen. Russiske påvirkningsoperationer støtter den serbiske politiske elite ved at bruge russiske diplomatiske løftestænger og forbindelser. Andre russiske påvirkningsoperationer retter sig mod befolkningen, specifikt indflydelsesrige serbiske grupper i den højreorienterede opposition, blandt militæret og ikke mindst gennem den ortodokse kirke i hele Balkanregionen. Resultatet har været en høj grad af støtte til Rusland i den serbiske befolkning. Det gør det særdeles vanskeligt for den serbiske regering at lave aftaler med EU eller NATO og fanger Serbien i en alliance med Rusland.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73520857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Må Danmark true, lyve og vildlede? Påvirkningsoperationer set fra et retligt perspektiv
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137159
Marc Schack
{"title":"Må Danmark true, lyve og vildlede? Påvirkningsoperationer set fra et retligt perspektiv","authors":"Marc Schack","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137159","url":null,"abstract":"En retsstat som Danmark er karakteriseret ved sit demokratiske ophav, lighed for loven og beskyttelsen af fundamentale frihedsrettigheder. Det står i kontrast til andre statstyper, hvor sådanne elementer er enten fraværende eller nedprioriterede. Spørgsmålet er, hvilken betydning dén kontrast har for retsstatens evne til at operere inden for informationsområdet og henholdsvis udføre eller imødegå påvirkningsoperationer. Med udgangspunkt i en analyse af centrale dele af det retsgrundlag, som den danske stat er forpligtet på, analyseres Danmarks evne til at håndtere sådanne operationer. Da emnet dog principielt er ganske omfattende, fokuserer artiklen på tre juridiske problemstillinger: Offentlige myndigheders sandhedspligt, folkerettens suverænitetsprincip og den folkeretlige regulering af magtanvendelse og krigsførelse.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74594567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Russisk påvirkning virker – også i Danmark
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137162
Jeanette Serritzlev
{"title":"Russisk påvirkning virker – også i Danmark","authors":"Jeanette Serritzlev","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137162","url":null,"abstract":"Artiklen ser på russisk påvirkning i Danmark og forsøger at sætte Ruslands anvendelse af påvirkning uden for Rusland i en større kontekst, idet det er et middel til at opnå udenrigspolitiske strategiske mål. Det sker fx ved at skabe splid i Vesten. Det opnår Rusland blandt andet ved moderne propagandaprincipper om at distribuere budskaberne konstant, massivt og gentagende. Artiklens argument er, at russisk påvirkning kan nå danske mediebrugere på flere måder og på tværs af platforme. Dette er blevet ekstra tydeligt efter den russiske invasion af Ukraine, hvor tidligere coronaskeptikere i høj grad har overtaget prokremlske narrativer. Det er, som kronikken udfolder, ikke tilfældigt.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84011474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can Denmark threaten, lie, and mislead? Influence operations from a legal perspective 丹麦能威胁、撒谎和误导吗?从法律角度影响运营
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137166
Marc Schack
{"title":"Can Denmark threaten, lie, and mislead? Influence operations from a legal perspective","authors":"Marc Schack","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137166","url":null,"abstract":"A state like Denmark, which is committed to the rule of law, is characterized by its democratic foundations, adherence to legal principles such as equality before the law, and a commitment to the protection of fundamental freedoms. This stands in contrast to other types of states where such elements are either absent or subdued. The question is what this contrast means for Denmark’s ability to carry out or counter-influence operations. In this article, Denmark’s ability to handle such operations is considered based on an analysis of key rules that bind the Danish state. Since the topic is, in principle, extensive, the article focuses on three legal issues: the duty of truthfulness for Danish authorities, the international legal principle of sovereignty, and the regulation of the use of force and armed conflict.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76099758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Russiske påvirkningsoperationer i Ukrainekrigen i 2014 og 2022 – aktive foranstaltninger og maskirovka
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137156
J. Staun, Patrick Eikeland
{"title":"Russiske påvirkningsoperationer i Ukrainekrigen i 2014 og 2022 – aktive foranstaltninger og maskirovka","authors":"J. Staun, Patrick Eikeland","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137156","url":null,"abstract":"Hvordan tænker den russiske sikkerhedspolitiske og militære elite påvirkningsoperationer? Og hvordan har man brugt påvirkningsoperationer i praksis i de to krige i Ukraine, i 2014 og 2022? Dette undersøger vi ved at søge at indfange den russiske forståelse af påvirkningsoperationer ved hjælp af begreberne ”aktive foranstaltninger” og ”maskirovka”. Og som man måske kunne forvente, er aktive foranstaltninger og maskirovka blevet anvendt aktivt af Rusland i krigene mod Ukraine. Størst succes havde man i 2014, hvor Ukraine og Vesten stort set blev taget på sengen og Krim erobret nærmest uden kamp. Under invasionen i 2022 har de russiske påvirkningsoperationer dog også haft succes. Først og fremmest i forhold til at vildlede Ukraine om, hvor hovedangrebet blev sat ind. En vildledning, der kunne have haft fatale konsekvenser for Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86278892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Danmarks beredskab mod påvirknings-operationer: minimalistisk tilgang til kompleks udfordring
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137160
Mikkel Storm Jensen, Jens Svensson
{"title":"Danmarks beredskab mod påvirknings-operationer: minimalistisk tilgang til kompleks udfordring","authors":"Mikkel Storm Jensen, Jens Svensson","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137160","url":null,"abstract":"Påvirkningsoperationer fra fjendtlige stater er en stigende trussel, som kræver et stående beredskab til at forebygge og imødekomme. Skiftende danske regeringer har siden 2018 valgt en minimalistisk tilgang i rammen af sektoransvarsprincippet til håndteringen af denne trussel: en task force bestående af embedsmænd fra en række ministerier støttet af Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste, som skal imødekomme denne udfordring ved siden af deres primære opgaver. Denne artikel argumenterer for, at truslen fra påvirkningsoperationer er et såkaldt wicked problem – en kompleks problemstilling, der ikke kan løses af en enkelt aktør alene, og som fordrer en mere netværksbaseret tilgang med bred inddragelse fra offentlige og private organisationer og civile borgere. Artiklen undersøger den nuværende indsats og vejer den op imod de teoretiske anbefalinger i håndteringen af komplekse problemer. Til sidst drages paralleller til Sveriges tilgang, hvor der er oprettet en organisation udelukkende dedikeret til håndtering af truslen.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90846239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kosovo Russia Serbia 科索沃俄罗斯塞尔维亚
Filosofia Politica Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i2.137165
D. Nyemann
{"title":"Kosovo Russia Serbia","authors":"D. Nyemann","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i2.137165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i2.137165","url":null,"abstract":"Kosovo is neither the object nor the target of Russian influence operations. The purpose of delegitimizing Kosovo is to enhance and solidify the alliance between Russia and Serbia and the Serbian minorities across the Balkan region. Russian influence operations support the Serbian political elite by using Russian diplomatic levers and connections. Other Russian influence operations target the public, specifically influential Serbian groups in the right-wing opposition, in the military, and not least through the Orthodox Church throughout the Balkan region. The result is a high level of support for Russia among the Serbian population. This makes it extremely difficult for the Serbian government to make agreements with the EU or NATO and entraps Serbia in an alliance with Russia.","PeriodicalId":40761,"journal":{"name":"Filosofia Politica","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88807923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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