{"title":"The Effect of Thermomechanical Strain Cycling on the Fatigue Life of Gas Turbine Material In-738LC: A Life Prediction Model","authors":"S. Zamrik, M. Renauld","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0549","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Experimental and analytical method is developed to address the effect of thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) on a nickel base superalloy which is a γ’/ (Ni3Al) strengthened material used primarily for land based gas turbine blading. A life prediction model is developed on the basis of a tensile hysteresis energy approach which incorporates the effect of creep, environment, and temperature. The developed life prediction model has shown a good predictive capability to correlate most of IN-738 out-of-phase TMF data from numerous researchers into a 3x scatterband. The TMF tests were carried out on two sets of cyclic temperatures of 482–816°C (900–1500°F) and 482–871°C (900–1600°F). In addition, isothermal tests were carried out at 816°C (1500°F) under strain ranges from 0.3% to 0.8% for life comparison between isothermal and TMF. The results show that the TMF out-of-phase type cycle is the most damaging cycle for the IN-738LC material when compared to both in-phase and isothermal cycles. All experiments were strain-controlled with a triangular waveform and an A-ratio (A = εamp/εmean) = ∞.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121506871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustained-Load Cracking in Mill Annealed Ti-6Al-4V at Room Temperature","authors":"Y. Lenets, James P. Thomas, T. Nicholas","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0547","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sustained-load crack growth in the near threshold regime was studied at room temperature in a mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging using mini-C(T) specimens in the C-L orientation. The observed sustained-load cracking behavior exhibited an apparent crack length dependence beyond that accounted for by the fracture mechanics parameter K. In addition, the initial value of K, applied after crack extension by fatigue, influenced the subsequent crack growth rates. The influence of the far-field specimen stresses on the hydrogen diffusion process at the crack tip and transient crack growth rate effects appear to be responsible for the observed behavior.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130024736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simplified Methodologies for the Characterization of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Metallic Structural Materials","authors":"A. Soboyejo, W. Soboyejo","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0546","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In several important engineering applications, the need to develop simplified mechanistically-based methodologies has become a significant factor in the development of appropriate techniques in the choice of suitable components, structures and infrastructures. Several metallic structural materials which have been used in such systems have suffered severe structural damages, due to the initiation of fatigue cracks, and in several instances, these have resulted in catastrophic structural and mechanical failures. In addition to the above, the importance of environmental and climatological considerations, including the effects of other essential variables, which can contribute significantly to fatigue crack initiation, propagation and structural failures, need to be addressed and incorporated into the formulation of any new methodologies, which may be proposed to solve the practical engineering problems in this field.\u0000 The successful results of recent research work in this field are hereby presented, in order to provide practically acceptable and simple engineering methodologies, which can provide the much needed solutions to problems in several structural and mechanical engineering design applications. The important technical contributions from the recent results of engineering research in this field are hereby presented in this technical paper.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126455367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement and Quantification of Surface Roughness","authors":"Timothy B. Dewhurst, S. Mason","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0544","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of surface roughness during underlying bulk deformation is of critical importance to some metalforming industries such as beverage can and automobile manufacturers. This work is investigating the correlation between surface roughness and texture evolution within the material. The first phase of this work has concentrated on the measurement of surface roughness in compression specimens; various approaches to identifying meaningful metrics to quantify this roughness; and the documentation of the deformation path and texture evolution during the process. In identifying an appropriate metric for surface roughness, the work has focused on the use of fractals, standard statistical measures, and power spectrums. Each of these is evaluated for use in this type of study as it will be necessary in the near future to have a reliable method of comparing the experimental results to computer modeling for surface roughness. In the second phase of this work, polycrystal plasticity models will be used to track both texture evolution and the development of surface roughness during the deformation process. The computational results will be closely compared to the experimental results presented here.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132719109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Explicit Finite Element Study of Shear Localization During Orthogonal Cutting Process","authors":"Denver Scott, J. Hong","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0540","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The shear localization phenomena during serrated chip formation in high speed orthogonal metal cutting process have been studied by using the explicit finite element analysis. A three dimensional computational model has been developed for analyzing dynamic thermomechanical deformations of a thermally softening viscoplastic workpiece material subjected to various tool cutting speeds and tool rake angles. The shear band characteristics such as temperature contour, effective plastic strain, effective plastic strain rate, propagating speed and orientation are investigated for each cases. Cutting forces can be estimated by this 3D model. The predictions of the finite element analysis are shown that above a critical high cutting speeds the secondary shear of the chip on rake surface appear to be a negligible effect which indicated the chip segments can be separate completely due to extensive shear in the primary shear zone; this phenomena agreed well with the experimental observations. The numerical model presented here can easily applied to study the oblique cutting process.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131371021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two Interpretations of Rigidity in Rigid Body Collisions","authors":"A. Chatterjee, A. Ruina","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0522","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We distinguish between, and discuss the applicability of, two levels of rigidity in rigid-body collision modeling.\u0000 For rigidity in the strong, force-response, sense collisional contact deformations must be highly localized. The bodies then move according to 2nd order rigid-body mechanics during the collision. Incremental collision laws and most collision models using continuum mechanics for the contact region depend on force-response rigidity.\u0000 For rigidity in the weaker, impulse-response, sense the deformations need not be localized but displacements during the collision need to be small everywhere. Only the time-integrated rigid-body equations, involving before-collision and after-collision velocities, then need apply. Although a force-response rigid body is also impulse-response rigid the converse is not true. Algebraic collision laws depend only on impulse-response rigidity. Elastic vibration models of collisions are also generally consistent with impulse-response rigidity.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134353358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Penetration Performance of the Train of Solid and Hollow Disks","authors":"M. Lee","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0524","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The penetration performance of homogeneous disk (μ = 0) and thick walled disk (μ < 0.5) projectiles are investigated numerically for length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) of 1/8 and 1/4, where μ is the ratio of inner to outer diameter of a disk. Penetrations of tungsten alloy projectiles up to 4 successive solid disks (SD) and hollow disks (HD) with spacing of 1.5, 2 and 3 diameters into rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) at 2.6 km/s were simulated with a finite difference nonlinear wave propagation program. The most obvious results from the calculations are that even at 2.6 km/s the total penetration of a 4-segmented projectile can not be obtained simply be multiplying the depth of a single disk by four, especially for L/D = 1/8. Although HD may be more efficient, in terms of mass, than SD of equal outer diameter, it is observed that precursor or jet interacts with a train of spaced HD. This interaction significantly reduces the penetration performance, which was also measured in the long tubular projectiles. The degradation in total penetration becomes worse as μ increases. For HD of L/D = 1/4 case, the degradation in penetration becomes less since the effect of the interaction of jet with successive disks is relatively small.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"704 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122985822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on Robust Fail-Safe Structural Design Method","authors":"T. Hiroyasu, M. Shoji, H. Yamakawa","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0537","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The designs of structures, such as bodies of cars, hulls of ships, and frames of buildings, can be roughly divided into two flows: those are the upper flow and the lower flow of the design process. In this study, the new structural design method called “Robust Fail-safe Structural Design Method” is proposed for structures that are designed in the upper flow of the design process. By this method, the Young’s modulus and the topology of the structures are determined simultaneously. The designed structures also have the characteristics of robustness and fail-safe. The numerical example is shown to demonstrate to design a structure by this method. In the numerical example, some candidates of the robust fail-safe structures are derived and the problems are discussed.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121369061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting the Precipitation Hardening Response of Particle Strengthened Alloys Hardened by Ordered Precipitates","authors":"J. Fragomeni, B. Hillberry","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0551","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A model/method was developed for predicting the precipitation hardening response of particle strengthened alloys hardened by ordered precipitates based on the microstructure, composition, and heat treatment, and utilizing a minimum number of experimental tests. The overall approach was based on the dislocation particle interaction mechanics, particle growth and coarsening, thermodynamics, and particle strengthening mechanisms applicable to precipitation hardened alloys. The model/method evaluates, from a minimum number of experimental tensile tests, several of the microstructural constants necessary in determining the precipitation strengthening response of a particle strengthened alloy. The materials that were used as vehicles to demonstrate the model were precipitation hardenable aluminum-lithium-zirconium and nickel-aluminum alloys. Utilizing these demonstration alloys, the method used a minimum number of four tensile tests to predict the variation in strength with aging time, aging temperature, and composition, for the underaged, the peak-aged, and the overaged conditions. Predictions of the precipitation strengthening response were made using the Wagner particle distribution model and the predicted results using this distribution model compared well with the experimental yield strength results.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132317517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Foster, A. Soboyejo, N. Katsube, Sharmistha Dubey, W. Soboyejo
{"title":"An Investigation of the Effects of Multiple Parameters on the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V","authors":"M. Foster, A. Soboyejo, N. Katsube, Sharmistha Dubey, W. Soboyejo","doi":"10.1115/imece1997-0548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0548","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The effects of specimen thickness and positive stress ratio on the fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V are discussed in this paper. Fatigue crack growth rates are shown to increase with increasing stress ratio. Stress ratio is shown to have a strong effect on fatigue crack growth behavior. However, for the range of specimen thicknesses examined in this study, the fatigue crack growth rates are shown to not be strongly affected by specimen thickness. A single intrinsic fatigue crack growth rate curve is obtained when the fatigue crack growth rates are plotted against the effective (closure-corrected) stress intensity factor range. Multiparameter extensions to the Paris law are also presented for the combined assessment of the effects of specimen thickness, stress ratio, and crack closure on the fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V.","PeriodicalId":407468,"journal":{"name":"Recent Advances in Solids/Structures and Application of Metallic Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133543570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}