Geographical Review of Japan-Series B最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Social Relationships for Transferring of Farmland Rights in a Large-Scale Upland Farming Area, Hokkaido (English Translation)","authors":"Yoshida Kunimitsu","doi":"10.4157/geogrevjapanb.94.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.94.31","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explain the mechanism of the transfer of farming rights in Japan’s large-scale upland farming belt by focusing on the social relationships among farmers. The mechanisms of farmers’ social relationships were analyzed by applying the concept of “multiplex-uniplex” that is used in the social network approach. The study area was Omaki and Kowa settlements in central Hokkaido Prefecture. This area was newly cleared and opened for settlement in 1950. The major agricultural enterprises in this area are upland, dairy, and vegetable farming. The main findings are as follows. 1) Various social relationships among farmers were observed behind the transfer of farming rights, including territorial relations, kinship and school connections. Some official agencies were also involved in these relationships. 2) The types of social relationships varied in the way the transfer of farming rights overlapped. Almost all transfers were influenced by multiplex relationships, such as a combination of territorial relations, kinship, and school connections. On the other hand, uniplex relationships existed in the transfer of farming rights when farmers did not have these social relationships. 3) Social relationships in the transfer of farming rights expanded spatially from the scale of the neighborhood or settlement to the scale of the home district, other districts, and outside of town. Many farmers accumulated most of their farmland within their settlements, but depending on farm management conditions, some late accumulated farmland was located outside their settlements.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78747833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influential Factors of Entering a Nursing Home and Family Intergenerational Relationships in Shanghai","authors":"Shanbo Song, Okamoto Kohei","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.93.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.93.31","url":null,"abstract":"The Shanghai household registered population is highly aged. The elderly occupy a large proportion and continues to increase because of the aging of the generations of one-child families. This study examines the influential factors in the elder care decision-making process of those households with registered elderly people, focusing on changing notions of elder care and changing parent–child relationships. In-depth interviews were conducted with both nursing home residents and community dwelling elderly individuals in downtown Shanghai. Our analysis of the interviews identified three main issues regarding elder care. First, the traditional Filial Piety is changing in response to modern society. Second, family members’ inability to provide elder care, the burdens of maintaining an independent household, and nursing home features and conditions are the main factors influencing the decision to enter a nursing home. Third, Filial Piety continues to be expressed through close residential distances between parents and children and a high visit frequency of children’s visits to elderly parents.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90987398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Areas of Interest in Central Tokyo among Visitors by Country of Residence Using Geotagged Photographs","authors":"Bochra Bettaieb, W. Yoshiki","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.93.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.93.66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"18 1","pages":"66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78032785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Colonial Forestry and Treeless Islands of Penghu: Afforestation Project and Controversy over Environmental History","authors":"Komeie Taisaku","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.93.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.93.50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"18 1","pages":"50-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74929932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KANASAKA Kiyonori: Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, Revisiting Isabella Bird: New Abridged Edition with Notes and Commentaries","authors":"M. Aniya","doi":"10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"85 1","pages":"27-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90280129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition of Farmland Use in a Japanese Mountainside Settlement: An Analysis of the Residents’ Career Histories","authors":"Gen Shoji, Kunimitsu Yoshida, S. Yokoyama, E. C. Thompson","doi":"10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.15","url":null,"abstract":"A key problem faced by Japanese agriculture is the decline in the number of fulltime farmers due to the aging population, which combined with the absence of farm successors is leading to abandoned and under-used farmland. Under these conditions, we analyze the shifts in labor force allocation within households, between households, and between different communities, in order to secure the continuity of farming activities. Recent agricultural policies aim to increase the active participation in farming of women and of returning farmers, people who left their hometown to engage in non-agricultural work but return to or take up farming after retirement. The study examines strategies to maintain the continuous use of farmland despite the declining numbers of farmers by analyzing the Tachi settlement, whose residents commute for work to the nearby urban areas of Kanazawa and Komatsu cities in Ishikawa prefecture. The study analyzed the occupations of household members in this settlement and evaluated how the residents’ employment choices have influenced the continuous use of farmland in the area. Many studies in agricultural geography in Japan on systems of farmland use and community farming have focused on households centered on a male head-of-household. Our study is original in its focus on the occupations of all individuals in each household to assess the allocation of farming labor in rural households and other mechanisms to maintain their farmland, such as consigning work to other farmers, or renting out their farmland. Over the past decades, with the decline in the number of successors willing to inherit the farms, the number of farms taken over by the next generation has decreased in Tachi, and those responsible for the farmland have had to request help from outside their settlement. However, the study reports some recent positive trends (a family moving back to the settlement and taking up farming, including leasing previously abandoned land). Consequently, farmland use is being localized again within the settlement. Our case study, Tachi, can be considered a representative case study, as it encapsulates many of the recent trends in development of marginal rural communities Japan (rapid socio-demographic decline and its impact on the continuity of farmland use and management practices, especially in terms of labor allocation, but also regarding the mechanisms of renting out/lending farmland). The limited local scale allows for the detailed survey of the entire community as well as an in-depth analysis of data. Findings of this study might prove useful in the elabo-ration of rural/farming policies with the potential of wider implementation in similar areas in Japan but also (at the broader scale) in Asia.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78922922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report on the 14th Japan–Korea–China Joint Conference on Geography","authors":"Takayuki Oishi","doi":"10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"82 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83728657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Vietnam’s Tourism Development and Payments for Forest Environmental Services Policies on Local Livelihoods in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park Areas","authors":"Thi Khanh Van Mai, Doo-Chul Kim","doi":"10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.1","url":null,"abstract":"Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park (PNKB NP) is a world heritage site in Vietnam, where ecosystem conservation is accompanied by government policies intended to improve local livelihoods. Currently, two policies have been implemented: the tourism development and payments for forest environmental services (PFES) programs. This study employs both semi-structured and in-depth interviews to analyze the relationships between tourism development, ethnic differences, and the PFES in the PNKB NP area. The results are as follows. The PNKB NP has devoted much time to the tourism development policy, with some success. However, disparities in implementation have meant that central areas, such as Xuan Tien Village, have benefited significantly from tourism revenue, whereas remote areas, such as Rao Con village have not yet had the opportunity to participate in income-generating tourism activities. As a result, the gap between the livelihoods of the two villages has widened, exacerbated by inappropriate distributions of the financial budget (the Phong Nha fee). Moreover, the lack of participation in the policy by local residents has meant the PFES has had little effect on their livelihoods. Thus, although the aforementioned policies were expected to improve local livelihoods, this has not occurred, because the PFES mechanism does not sufficiently consider those living in the area.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territoriality by Folk Boundaries and Social-Geographical Conditions in Shinto-Buddhist, Catholic, and Hidden Christian Rural Communities on Hirado Island, Western Japan","authors":"I. Satoshi","doi":"10.4157/geogrevjapanb.92.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.92.51","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how the sense of territoriality and various background conditions of Japanese rural communities affect the emergence of folk boundaries, which are viewed here as the contours of residents’ cognitive territory represented by religion-based symbolic markers. Specifically, I look at how the particular social-geographical conditions of different communities create diverse conceptions of such boundaries, including the presence or absence of the boundaries, within the same region. Here, I focus on three Japanese villages encompassing seven local religious communities of Shinto-Buddhists, Catholics, and former Hidden Christians on Hirado Island in Kyushu. These villages are viewed respectively as examples of contrastive coexistence, degeneration, and expansion in territoriality. Among the seven religious communities, only those believing in Shinto-Buddhism, as well as Hidden Christianity, have maintained their folk boundaries. These communities satisfy the conditions of an agglomerated settlement form, a size generally larger than ten households, a location isolated from other communities within the village, and strong social integration. In contrast, Catholics have not constructed such boundaries based on their historical process of settlement. However, they have influenced the forms of Shinto-Buddhists’ territoriality, although not those of Hidden Christians. Additionally, their settlement form and relative location among the other religious communities have affected the shape of the Shinto-Buddhists’ cognitive territories. Changes in these intertwined background conditions can transform the states of territoriality, which should be viewed as correlated rather than independent and as dynamic rather than static.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89620069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Variability of Municipality-wise Heat and Cold Mortality in Japan with Respect to Temperature and Economic States","authors":"Fujibe Fumiaki, Matsumoto Jun, Suzuki Hideto","doi":"10.4157/geogrevjapanb.92.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.92.72","url":null,"abstract":"A series of statistical analyses are made to find the dependence of heat and cold mortalities on the temperature and economic states of municipalities in Japan, using vital statistics data for 18 years, from 1999 to 2016. A partial correlation analysis for 1,207 municipalities over the country has indicated that heat and cold mortalities are positively and negatively correlated with summer and winter temperatures, respectively, while they are both negatively correlated with annual income and positively correlated with municipality population. These features are essentially common to genders, age groups, and regions, and indicate that heat and cold mortalities depend on both climatic and socioeconomic factors. An additional analysis of 151 wards in Tokyo and 12 other government-desig-nated cities has also shown a correlation between heat/cold mortality and income; in particular, exceptionally high mortality is found in some wards which have areas with poor living conditions.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84656122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}