Academia Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Hypertension and Its Contributing Factor among Adult People of Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal","authors":"R. Tharu","doi":"10.3126/academia.v3i1.61264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v3i1.61264","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a substantial public health concern on account of its extremely high prevalence all around the globe. It is referred to as a \"silent killer\" due to the fact that early-stage symptoms are rarely apparent until a medical emergency arises, such as chronic kidney disease, heart attack, or stroke. Therefore, this research aims to assess the contributing factor to hypertension among adult people of Belaspur -12, Nepalgunj, Banke. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed for the study, and primary data were collected through the implementation of a structured questionnaire and a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The analysis was carried out on the gathered data using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS (version 21.0). The findings of the research revealed that among total 120 respondents, nearly half of the respondents 56 (46.7%) had hypertension in 1- stage, while more than half of the respondents 64 (53.3%) had hypertension in its 2-stage. Based on the research findings, it can be inferred that the major factors contributing to hypertension among adult population were being alcohol consumption, consumption of animal source fat, overweight or obese, family history of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner: A Marxist Analysis","authors":"Raj Kumar Tharu","doi":"10.3126/academia.v3i1.61257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v3i1.61257","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to analyze Khalid Hosseini's novel The Kite Runner from a Marxist point of view. As a metaphor, Hosseini has used the word \"runner\" in the title of his novel to speak about one of the classes of people in our society. There are kite runners who run around screaming as they attempt to catch cut and falling kites during the kite flying contest. By looking at some major characters and their roles, an analysis has been presented from the perspective of Marxism. Additionally, the article tries to illustrate how there is an unexplained form of discrimination that prevails even in a friendship between the proletariat and the bourgeois. Despite that friendship appears to be working well namely to say between Amir and Hassan. This article is a qualitative research work for which the novel The Kite Runner has been used as the primary source of data. The secondary sources of data used in this research paper are articles published on it both physically and virtually. The discussion and analysis presented in this paper indicate that class struggles exist in various forms at various times, depending on the thoughts and actions of those individuals who are naturally inclined to maintain some sort of distinction that they appear to place a high value on, regardless of the nature of their relationship.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Orientation of Galaxies in the SDSS DR7 Supercluster","authors":"J. Malla","doi":"10.3126/academia.v3i1.61267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v3i1.61267","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial orientations of spin vectors 1423 galaxies in the SDSS DR7 Supercluster S[239+016+0037] was studied. The database of these galaxies is taken from the SDSS DR7 data release. Our main goal is to find out the angular momentum vectors of galaxies in the Supercluster S[239+016+0037]. Random simulation method is used to remove selection effects from the database. Finally, three statistics to compare the differences between theoretical and observed distributions: chi-square, auto-correlation, and the Fourier test. All these statistical tests suggest the random orientation of galaxies in the SDSS DR 7 Supercluster S[239+016+0037]. Furthermore, the evolution of the galaxies in the Supercluster supports the hierarchy model as suggested by Peebles (1969).","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Behaviours and Awareness of HIV and AIDS among Migratory People","authors":"Lal Mani Acharya","doi":"10.3126/academia.v3i1.61252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v3i1.61252","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Nepal, where the epidemiological status of HIV&AIDS is presumed to be in its early stages, a growing body of evidence indicates that HIV is emerging as a significant public health concern in the country. In response, both governmental and non-governmental entities have formulated strategic plans and policies to combat the pervasive impact of HIV & AIDS. The imperative for educational institutions is to comprehensively disseminate information to both the youth and the broader community, fostering knowledge, motivational skills for self-protection against HIV & AIDS, and cultivating an attitude of non-discrimination and care for individuals living with HIV & AIDS. This field-based study focuses on exploring sexual behaviors and awareness regarding HIV & AIDS among migratory populations in the Khatyad Rural Municipality of the Mugu district, Nepal. Employing a descriptive and qualitative research design, the study underscores the examination of sex behaviors, knowledge levels, and attitudes prevalent among migratory individuals concerning HIV & AIDS. The findings of this research can serve as valuable insights for policymakers in devising strategic plans and for education specialists in crafting targeted HIV & AIDS education initiatives within educational frameworks. Primary data for the study were gathered directly from the field, with a study population comprising 80 migratory individuals aged 15-60 years. The majority of these individuals were found to be married but lacking formal education. Approximately half of the respondents were aware of HIV & AIDS, with education correlating to awareness of preventive measures. A subset of respondents (14%) reported engagement in pre-marital sexual practices. The study unveiled a general lack of awareness among migratory individuals regarding HIV & AIDS, with insufficient knowledge on the subject. Notably, a few educated respondents exhibited a positive attitude towards individuals living with HIV. Consequently, the study identifies HIV & AIDS as a critical public health issue requiring immediate attention.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing COVID-19 Lockdown's Impact: Domestic Violence Against Women in a Selected community of Lalitpur","authors":"Reshma Kc, Smriti Kc, Saroja Poudel","doi":"10.3126/academia.v3i1.61260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v3i1.61260","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines at how prevalent domestic violence was against women in a particular Lalitpur community during the Covid-19 lockdown. Violence against women encompasses acts of aggression directed primarily or exclusively towards women and girls. The confluence of economic strain, movement restrictions, heightened partner frustration, and the disruption of social and protective networks during the lockdown amplifies women's susceptibility to exploitation and abuse. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional design, the study employed a convenient sampling technique to select 74 married women within the reproductive age group. A systematic interview schedule was used for data collection, and inferential statistics like the Chi-square test were used in conjunction with descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage for the analysis that followed. The study found that during the Covid-19 shutdown, domestic violence against women was prevalent in 31.1% of cases. Victims reported experiencing emotional (37.7%), economic (23.0%), physical (31.1%), and sexual (8.2%) violence. The primary contributing factors to the occurrence of violence were identified as being confined at home with the abuser (31.1%), financial concerns (28.4%), and problematic inter-relationships within family members (28.4%). Of the variables taken into account, the only ones that showed a significant correlation with the occurrence of domestic violence during the Covid-19 lockdown era were the husband's employment, education, and history of violence. The results highlight how urgent it is to address domestic abuse of women in Nepal, especially during times of crisis like the Covid-19 lockdown. It is imperative for the country to prioritize the enhancement of support systems to prevent the occurrence of such violence and safeguard the well-being of victims.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dystopian Reflection: A Critical Examination of Scientific Optimism in McCarthy's The Road","authors":"R. P. Adhikary","doi":"10.3126/academia.v3i1.61254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v3i1.61254","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves into the exploration of the detrimental impacts of science and technology on human existence through a critical analysis of Cormac McCarthy's novel, The Road. The narrative of the novel primarily revolves around the theme of propaganda and serves as a poignant portrayal of the political machinations of a totalitarian regime. The primary objective of this research is to dissect and critique the manifestation of scientific optimism in McCarthy's The Road, particularly in the context of its portrayal of the adverse effects of advanced science and technology wielded by a totalitarian government. By examining the experiences of the unnamed Man and Boy as they undertake a perilous journey in the aftermath of an unspecified global catastrophe, the study aims to unravel the profound impacts on individuals, including hunger, fear, paranoia, and a pervasive sense of identity crisis. This study examines how the use of cutting-edge science and technology by an oppressive regime has led to feelings of loss, misinterpretation, maladjustment, identity crisis, and conflict, using David Andrews' dystopian concept as a framework. The analysis involves a close examination of the novel's narrative elements, character development, and thematic content, with a specific focus on the depiction of the totalitarian government's utilization of science and technology. The findings of this research reveal a compelling critique of scientific optimism within the context of McCarthy's The Road. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the negative ramifications of scientific optimism as portrayed in McCarthy's The Road. Ultimately, The Road serves as a thought-provoking exploration of the fragile balance between progress and peril in a world shaped by the misuse of science and technology.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Underlying Factors and Outcomes of the Madheshi People's Movement in Nepal (2007-2008)","authors":"Arjun Prasad Pokharel","doi":"10.3126/academia.v3i1.61256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v3i1.61256","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the Madheshi People’s Movements in the Tarai region of Nepal during 2007 and 2008. The key issues investigated include the catalysts behind these movements, their influence on Nepalese politics, and the sustained implications for Madheshis and other marginalized communities. The primary aim of this research is to discern the causes of the Madheshi People’s Movements, understand their impact on Nepalese politics, and evaluate the lasting effects of the achievements stemming from these uprisings. Utilizing semi-structured interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), questionnaire surveys, and an extensive review of secondary data, the research unfolds the transformative nature of the Madheshi People’s Movement of 2007. The methods employed provide a comprehensive understanding of the socio-political landscape surrounding these movements. The research identifies three core elements contributing to the initiation of the 2007 and 2008 Movements: perceived discrimination against Madheshis, radicalization of regional and ethnic issues influenced by the Maoist rebellion, and the precedent set by the People’s Movement of 2006. The Madheshi People’s Movements significantly impacted Nepalese politics, leading to the declaration of Nepal as a federal state and notable electoral success for Madheshi political parties. However, internal divisions emerged within the Madheshi identity, with marginalized communities distancing themselves from the Madheshi label, posing a potential threat to the movements' achievements. While the Madheshi People’s Movements brought about crucial changes in Nepal's political landscape, the emergence of internal dissent among Madheshis calls for a strategic repositioning of Madheshi political parties. To preserve their achievements, these parties must transcend identity boundaries and represent the interests of all marginalized communities in Nepal. Failure to do so risks eroding the gains made through the identity politics initiated by the Madheshi parties.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"7 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prema's Cultural Hybridity and Diasporic Identity in Seasons of Flight by Manjushree Thapa","authors":"R. P. Adhikary","doi":"10.3126/academia.v2i2.56959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v2i2.56959","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to shed light on the struggles and conflicts experienced by Nepali immigrants in the United States of America, as they encounter and attempt to appropriate western culture and lifestyle while being haunted by their native culture and tradition. The novel Seasons of Flight is a portrayal of the cultural encounters and appropriations experienced by immigrants in the United States of America. It highlights the issues of isolation, alienation, identity crisis, and accommodation that immigrants face when they try to assimilate and internalize the culture and lifestyle of the host country. The topic of identity in diasporic literature is discussed in this study, particularly in light of multiculturalism and hybrid identities. This research applies the perspective of diaspora to analyze the cultural encounters and appropriations depicted in Seasons of Flight. The research reviews the literature on diaspora theory, multiculturalism, and hybrid identity, and examines how the protagonist, Prema, undergoes trials and tribulations in her attempt to fit into the multicultural American society. The research also analyzes the conflicts between tradition and modernity portrayed in the novel, and discusses the issues of collective identity, shared belonging, religious beliefs, and commitment for unity that guide immigrants. The research finds that the cultural encounters and appropriations experienced by Nepali immigrants in the United States of America are a general plight of diasporic people. The research concludes that despite the modern amenities and aspirations offered by the multicultural American society, diasporic subjects like Prema undergo with cultural encounters and appropriations, which may lead to identity crisis and hybridity. This research highlights the importance of recognizing and respecting cultural diversity, and the need for immigrants to balance their native culture and tradition with the culture and lifestyle of the host country to overcome the challenges of cultural encounters and appropriations.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124839456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Behavior, and Attitude towards HIV/AIDS among Street Vendors in Nepalgunj, Banke","authors":"Sabitra Basnet Pokhrel","doi":"10.3126/academia.v2i2.56960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v2i2.56960","url":null,"abstract":"This research article aims to investigate the existing knowledge, behavior, and attitude towards HIV/AIDS among street vendors in Nepalgunj, Banke. Street vendors are an informal sector of the economy, and their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS is a growing concern. The study seeks to fill the gap in research on this specific group and shed light on their understanding of HIV/AIDS, prevention methods, and socio-economic background. The research methodology includes a combination of primary and secondary data collection methods. Data was collected through ethnographic methods, including case studies, individual surveys, participant observation, and focus group discussions. A total of 50 street vendors were randomly selected for the survey, along with case study participants and focus group discussion informants. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and trends. The findings indicate that street vendors in Nepalgunj, Banke, are predominantly from India and have a wide age range, with the majority falling between 31-35 years old. The study reveals that most street vendors have heard about HIV/AIDS through various media sources, primarily radio programs. However, their knowledge about HIV/AIDS is limited, with some misconceptions and biases prevailing. Condom use among street vendors is low, contributing to their vulnerability to HIV transmission. The research also highlights the challenges faced by street vendors, such as lack of social security, poor living conditions, and occupational hazards. Despite being well-informed about HIV/AIDS, translating knowledge into behavioral practices remains a significant challenge for street vendors. The study concludes that interventions are needed to improve the knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of street vendors towards HIV/AIDS. These interventions should focus on raising awareness, promoting condom use, and addressing socio-economic vulnerabilities. Additionally, efforts should be made to integrate street vendors into social security programs and provide better working and living conditions. Overall, this research contributes to the sociological understanding of HIV/AIDS among street vendors in developing countries like Nepal and emphasizes the importance of tailored interventions for this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128293367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Covid-19 on Tourism in Lumbini Province of Nepal","authors":"Subas Gautam","doi":"10.3126/academia.v2i2.56975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v2i2.56975","url":null,"abstract":"This research article aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector in four districts of Lumbini Province, Nepal, namely Banke, Bardiya, Dang, and East Rukum. The COVID-19 outbreak, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019, rapidly spread worldwide, affecting people of all ages, with greater severity observed among the elderly and those with chronic health conditions. Declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, the COVID-19 crisis has brought uncertainty and has significantly impacted various sectors of human life, including the economic, political, social, and cultural aspects. Given the relevance of measuring the pandemic's impact, this study primarily focuses on the economic consequences in the tourism sector. Specific objectives include examining the effects on tourist arrivals, the income of entrepreneurs, and the level of employment in the selected districts. However, the study acknowledges certain limitations, such as its exclusive focus on only four districts of Lumbini Province, limiting generalization to the entire nation. Additionally, it solely examines the economic impact of COVID-19, excluding other potential impacts related to social, behavioral, and cultural aspects. To collect data for the research, quantitative methodologies and statistical software were utilized, gathering primary data from various tourism-related establishments such as hotels, restaurants, cottages, grocery stores, and trekking companies. The study emphasizes the importance of early-stage exploratory research to better understand the economic impact of the pandemic on the tourism industry in the selected regions.","PeriodicalId":406267,"journal":{"name":"Academia Research Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127414972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}