Twentieth Century Communism最新文献_第4页

Thomas J. Kiernan and Irish diplomatic responses to cold-war anticommunism in Australia, 1946-1951 托马斯·j·基尔南与爱尔兰对冷战时期澳大利亚反共主义的外交反应，1946-1951

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864321834645805

Gerard Madden

{"title":"Thomas J. Kiernan and Irish diplomatic responses to cold-war anticommunism in Australia, 1946-1951","authors":"Gerard Madden","doi":"10.3898/175864321834645805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3898/175864321834645805","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being a peripheral actor in the Cold War, Ireland in the immediate post-war period was attentive to cold war developments internationally, and the influence of the Catholic Church over state and society predominantly shaped the state's response to the conflict. Irish diplomats\u0000 internationally sent home repo rts on communist activity in the countries in which they served. This article will discuss Thomas J. Kiernan, Ireland's Minister Plenipotentiary in Australia between 1946 and 1955, and his responses, views and perceptions of Australian anti-communism from his\u0000 1946 appointment to the 1951 plebiscite on banning the Communist Party of Australia, which ultimately failed. Through analysis of his reports in the National Archives of Ireland – including accounts of his interactions with politicians and clergy, the Australian press, parliamentary\u0000 debates and other sources – it argues that his views were moulded by the dominant Irish conception of the Cold War, which was fundamentally shaped by Catholicism, and his overreliance on Catholic and print sources led him to sometimes exaggerate the communist threat. Nonetheless, his\u0000 reports home to Dublin served to reinforce the Irish state's perception that communism was a worldwide malaise which the Catholic Church and Catholics internationally were at the forefront of combatting.","PeriodicalId":406143,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Century Communism","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Winter War, Anti-Communism and the volunteers from abroad, 1939-1940 冬季战争，反共和海外志愿军，1939-1940

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864321834645832

Kristo Karvinen

引用次数: 0

'Legends have a tenacious life': Ernst Thälmann, the First World War and memory in the GDR “传说有顽强的生命”:恩斯特Thälmann，第一次世界大战和记忆在德意志民主共和国

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864319827751312

Norman Laporte

{"title":"'Legends have a tenacious life': Ernst Thälmann, the First World War and memory in the GDR","authors":"Norman Laporte","doi":"10.3898/175864319827751312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3898/175864319827751312","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Ernst Thälmann's prominence in the German Democratic Republic's official antifascist narrative, there was no 'scholarly' biography of him until 1979. The reasons for this shed light on the political culture of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) and its history-writing arm,\u0000 the Institute of Marxism-Leninism – especially in the regime's early years under Walter Ulbricht. The refusal to falsify Thälmann's relatively conventional war record by the SED's appointed biographer, party veteran Rudolf Lindau, was a refusal to expunge his own party history from\u0000 official memory. As a founding member of the International Communists of Germany (IKD), which was close to Leninism during and immediately after the war, Lindau did not want to contribute to myth-making which failed to account for the actual wartime antimilitarism of his own proto-communist\u0000 grouping. The feud was part of wider debates in the SED about the nature of the November Revolution and the origins of the German Communist Party (1918), which ultimately identified the Spartacist tradition as the party's official heritage. Of course, Lindau could not change the party line;\u0000 but he was given very considerable latitude to disseminate his own views within party circles. He only came into conflict with the party leadership after being accused of building a 'platform' (i.e. taking collective action) in the early 1960s and even then met no serious sanction. In short,\u0000 the SED was not the monolith of cold-war cliché. Instead, it tried to maximise the latitude given to old Communists from a diversity of party traditions.","PeriodicalId":406143,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Century Communism","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Meeting the Communist Threat in Greece: American diplomats, ideology and stereotypes 1944-1950 面对希腊的共产主义威胁:1944-1950年的美国外交官、意识形态和刻板印象

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864319827751358

Zinovia Lialiouti

{"title":"Meeting the Communist Threat in Greece: American diplomats, ideology and stereotypes 1944-1950","authors":"Zinovia Lialiouti","doi":"10.3898/175864319827751358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3898/175864319827751358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on four US officials serving in Greece at a critical period in both Greek and American political history. The Greek Civil War (1946-9) was decisive in the development of the Cold War confrontation. The Truman Doctrine (1947) represents an ideological milestone in\u0000 this respect. In particular, the paper explores the views of Lincoln MacVeagh (ambassador 1944-7), Paul A. Porter (chief of the American Economic Mission to Greece, 1947), Dwight Griswold (chief of the American Mission for Aid to Greece 1947-8) and Henry Grady (ambassador 1948-50), namely\u0000 their perceptions of the Greek post-war crisis in relation to the strategic goal of anticommunism. The emphasis of the analysis is on their understanding of the Greek social and political conditions - and especially of the nature of the communist threat – and of the goals involved in\u0000 the American aid to the country. These four case studies highlight the interaction between the prevailing ideology in foreign policy objectives and the personal belief systems. Cultural preconditions and stereotypes constitute the framework in the context of which US officials sought to contain\u0000 the communist challenge in Greece both though military as well as through economic and ideological means.","PeriodicalId":406143,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Century Communism","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115843773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cedar and Eden Paul's Creative Revolution: The 'new psychology' and the dictatorship of the proletariat, 1917-1926. 雪松和伊甸保罗的创造性革命:“新心理学”和无产阶级专政，1917-1926。

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864319827751349

M. Carey

{"title":"Cedar and Eden Paul's Creative Revolution: The 'new psychology' and the dictatorship of the proletariat, 1917-1926.","authors":"M. Carey","doi":"10.3898/175864319827751349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3898/175864319827751349","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the history of the international communist movement by investigating the role of the 'new psychology' as a theoretical justification for bolshevism in the years immediately following 1917. It focuses on Cedar and Eden Paul, two almost forgotten theorists\u0000 whose works were key texts for the socialist movement of the 1920s. Drawing on a range of ideas to supplement Marxist political economy, including Freudian psychoanalysis, biological instinct theory, and the philosophy of Henri Bergson, the Pauls fashioned a striking critique of capitalist\u0000 democracy and defence of proletarian dictatorship. This heterodox approach was influential within the early communist movement even beyond Britain, and parts of their writings were copied by Li Dazhao, the 'first Marxist in China' and mentor of Mao Zedong. The art icle concludes by advancing\u0000 an explanation for why the Pauls fell out of favour in the CPGB in the mid-1920s: as the prospects for world revolution receded, the party's leaders sought to erase the heterodoxy and intellectual experimentation that characterised the communist movement in favour of 'iron proletarian discipline'.","PeriodicalId":406143,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Century Communism","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126735325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forging socialism through democracy: a critical review survey of literature on Eurocommunism 通过民主锻造社会主义:对欧洲共产主义文献的批判性回顾

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864319827751330

V. Strazzeri

{"title":"Forging socialism through democracy: a critical review survey of literature on Eurocommunism","authors":"V. Strazzeri","doi":"10.3898/175864319827751330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3898/175864319827751330","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a critical overview of the latest phase of scholarly engagement with Eurocommunism, firstly, by pointing out the resilience of a 'Cold War framing' in many of the new studies of the phenomenon, secondly, by stressing the resulting blind spots in the assessment of its geographical scope (e.g., the lack of attention paid to Spain, scarce contributions on Eurocommunism's ramifications beyond West Europe). It then proposes a de-centred perspective on the phenomenon that is able to encompass its global roots and outreach, especially regarding the Third World; contrary to the prevalent focus on individual national cases of Eurocommunism, the article calls for a framing of Eurocommunist coordination as a transnational formation, so that both the leading role of Italian communists and the cross-border exchanges that shaped it can factor into a revised scholarly engagement with the topic. From this vantage point, Eurocommunism emerges as a strategy of transition for the global conjuncture of multiple crises that the 1970s represented, one that nevertheless failed to present a viable alternative to neoliberalism, another product of the decade in question. The article concludes by approaching the little explored gender dimension of Eurocommunism, visible in its entanglement with the second-wave feminism.","PeriodicalId":406143,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Century Communism","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127083529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Review 审查

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864319827751303

S. Hopkins

引用次数: 0

Communist history, police history and the archives of British state surveillance 共产主义历史，警察历史和英国国家监控档案

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.3898/175864319827751321

K. Morgan

{"title":"Communist history, police history and the archives of British state surveillance","authors":"K. Morgan","doi":"10.3898/175864319827751321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3898/175864319827751321","url":null,"abstract":"In Britain as in other countries security service files have come to provide an important resource for the writing of communist history. This paper discusses some of practical, ethical and methodological challenges they pose for historians. In Britain the selective release of small\u0000 batches of redacted files was undertaken from the 1990s as part of the post-Cold War rebranding of the MI5 state security service. No meaningful public consultation took place regarding the principles governing the release of these materials. Nor were details made available of the scope of\u0000 state surveillance or of the individuals and organisations subjected to it. The lack of transparency and accountability was compounded by the asymmetry between observers and observed and the withholding of information regarding the identities, associations and career histories of security\u0000 operatives. Drawing on published and unpublished examples, the paper characterises this as a project for the 'securitisation' of communist and wider left history: one that seeks to validate MI5's past and continuing role by accentuating issues of espionage while filtering and in many cases\u0000 destroying evidence of the routine surveillance of political and social movement activism.","PeriodicalId":406143,"journal":{"name":"Twentieth Century Communism","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114805451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Communist Party of Cyprus, the Comintern and the uprising of 1931: thoughts on the 'apologia' of Charalambos Vatyliotis (Vatis) 塞浦路斯共产党、共产国际和1931年的起义:对查拉兰博斯·瓦提利奥蒂斯(梵蒂冈)的“辩解”的思考

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-03-10 DOI: 10.3898/175864319826745996

Manolis Choumerianos, S. Sakellaropoulos

引用次数: 0

'Be a better communist': the life story of a Portuguese militant “做一个更好的共产主义者”:一个葡萄牙激进分子的生活故事

Twentieth Century Communism Pub Date : 2019-03-10 DOI: 10.3898/175864319826746003

G. Strippoli

引用次数: 0