{"title":"Contributions to the History of the spectacle trade from the earliest times to Thomas Young's appearance","authors":"M. V. Rohr","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/25/2/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/25/2/301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131996278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A suggested standard trial case and simplification in ophthalmic policy","authors":"W. Swaine","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/25/2/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/25/2/302","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous paper to the Society, the writer gave a review of the cumulative errors arising in present-day ophthalmic practice. It was suggested that plano-form trial lenses should supersede the existing symmetrical form. The object of the present paper is to describe such a standard trial case with specified thicknesses, diameters, tolerances, etc., which will introduce minimum confusion - actually none - in practice, will materially help both refractionist and manufacturer, and will remove the uncertainty between them. Policy of simplification and economy in ophthalmic manufacture is also suggested. That such a change is demanded is shown by the papers of Mr O. P. Raphael* and the writer dagger and the discussions on the same.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127414674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The primary and secondary constant magnification surfaces of thin lenses","authors":"T. Smith","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/25/2/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/25/2/303","url":null,"abstract":"The surfaces of constant magnification on which the primary and secondary focal lines for a thin lens are situated form families of similar surfaces, and lie between easily constructed surfaces (spheres for the secondary surfaces) determined by the power of the lens together with the Petzval sum for the one limit and the sum of the lens curvatures for the other.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128796930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New types of levelling instruments using reversible bubbles","authors":"T. F. Connolly","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/304","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the properties of reversible bubbles which can be used both graduated and ungraduated. Making use of certain of such properties, it can be shown how a true level can be obtained as the mean of two observations from a single station in an extremely simple manner. The theory is then applied to the design of various types of self-adjusting levels. A series of actual levels, following the author's theory and specially made for the paper, are illustrated. A specification for an ideal level, using the same theory, is given. The application of a reversible bubble to the adjustment of a collimator is also dealt with.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"8 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on the elementary algebraic theory of a class of photographic objectives","authors":"E. T. Hanson","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/302","url":null,"abstract":"After a short discussion of the general theory of the first order aberrations in a system of thin lenses, the equations expressing the absence of Seidel's first four aberrations in an objective consisting of two thin systems of lenses, separated by an interval, are formed. When each of the two thin systems consists of only two lenses, the equations can be put in a form which admits of an elegant graphical solution, regard being paid to the necessity of obtaining a solution in which on one of the lens curvatures exceeds a certain limit.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122762467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A general survey of the thin double lens","authors":"T. Smith","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/303","url":null,"abstract":"The shapes of the lenses and the types of glass suitable for the construction of an objective free from all first order aberrations in a primary plane for an infinitely distant object are found on the assumption that the system is composed of two separated thin lenses, each of which consists of glasses cemented together. The analysis indicates that \"old\" achromats should be used for both component lenses, a conclusion not in accordance with modern practice.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117210407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exhibit of an optical revolution-counter","authors":"B. K. Johnson","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/25/1/305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114704282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new form of balloon theodolite","authors":"T. F. Connolly","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/24/5/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/24/5/305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126587087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early telescopes in the science museum, from an historical standpoint","authors":"D. Baxandall","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/24/5/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/24/5/303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125837409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Levels and level bubbles","authors":"S. G. Starling","doi":"10.1088/1475-4878/24/5/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/24/5/301","url":null,"abstract":"Section I of the paper gives the results of measurement of density, surface tension and viscosity of several liquids for use in levels; the liquids are benzol, xylol, chloroform, alcohol and ether. Section II deals with the corresponding measurements on petroleum ethers distilled at various ranges of temperature, the ether distilled at 40°-50° C. being largely used for levels. Section III gives measurements connecting temperature and length of bubble, with tubes of the ordinary cylindrical type, Section IV the relation between the damping of the movement of the bubble and its length, and Section V the relation between damping and diameter of tube. Section VI deals with the calibration of levels, with particular relation to the presence of faults in the tube. The determination of the longitudinal radius of curvature of the tube is made, as well as the effect of departures from the circular form upon the calibration curve of the level. Section VII describes a new method of obtaining calibration curves, by photographing the image of the bubble in a plane mirror, so that the position of the bubble upon the scale is obtained for successive tilts given to the tube. In Section VIII the relations between temperature and width and depth of bubble are obtained, and the results applied to an explanation of the bubble of Messrs E. R. Watts and Son, Ltd., which has the same length at all temperatures.","PeriodicalId":405858,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Optical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}