D. Scholz, Andreas Oeldemann, Fabien Geyer, Sebastian Gallenmüller, Henning Stubbe, Thomas Wild, A. Herkersdorf, G. Carle
{"title":"Cryptographic Hashing in P4 Data Planes","authors":"D. Scholz, Andreas Oeldemann, Fabien Geyer, Sebastian Gallenmüller, Henning Stubbe, Thomas Wild, A. Herkersdorf, G. Carle","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901886","url":null,"abstract":"P4 introduces a standardized, universal way for data plane programming. Secure and resilient communication typically involves the processing of payload data and specialized cryptographic hash functions. We observe that current P4 targets lack the support for both. Therefore, applications and protocols, which require message authentication codes or hashing structures that are resilient against attacks such as denial-of-service, cannot be implemented. To enable authentication and resilience, we make the case for extending P4 targets with cryptographic hash functions. We propose an extension of the P4 Portable Switch Architecture for cryptographic hashes and discuss our prototype implementations for three different P4 target platforms: CPU, NPU, and FPGA. To assess the practical applicability, we conduct a performance evaluation and analyze the resource consumption. Our prototype implementations show that cryptographic hashing can be integrated efficiently. We cannot identify a single hash function delivering satisfying performance on all investigated platforms. Therefore, we recommend a set of hash functions to optimize target-specific performance.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129808956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BPFHV: Adaptive Network Paravirtualization for Continuous Cloud Provider Evolution","authors":"Vincenzo Maffione, G. Lettieri, L. Rizzo","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901879","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud providers are continuously evolving their virtual networking infrastructure to improve performance and functionality. This evolution, however, typically stops at the virtual NIC interface, since any change in that domain would require impractical upgrades in the running VMs with the collaboration of the customers who own them. This could hinder many important evolutions, like the transition to newer revisions of the VirtIO standard. To overcome this problem we propose BPFHV, a new paravirtualized network meta-device that is able to dynamically change its internal operation under the hypervisor control. BPFHV comes with a set of hypervisor-provided callbacks that the guest must call to complete datapath operations, such as posting a new packet for transmission. By injecting new callbacks, the hypervisor can dynamically change the behaviour of the device and of its guest driver even after the initial deployment of a VM. We describe our prototype implementation on the QEMU hypervisor with Linux guests, reusing the eBPF infrastructure for code injection. We show some preliminary experimental results and discuss some possible further applications.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126883440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiuhua Qi, Wenjun Li, Tong Yang, Dagang Li, Hui Li
{"title":"Cuckoo Counter: A Novel Framework for Accurate Per-Flow Frequency Estimation in Network Measurement","authors":"Jiuhua Qi, Wenjun Li, Tong Yang, Dagang Li, Hui Li","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901891","url":null,"abstract":"Per-flow frequency estimation plays a fundamental role in network measurement. As a probabilistic data structure, sketch has been extensively investigated and used for per-flow frequency estimation, but most sketch-based proposals in previous literatures cannot achieve high accuracy and high speed simultaneously. Moreover, because each insertion to a sketch causes increment in multiple entries, the over-estimation error will accumulate quickly over time. In this paper, we propose Cuckoo Counter, a compact and accurate framework for per-flow frequency estimation, which employs three novel ideas: (1)kicking out conflicting flows instead of using multiple entries counts to improve accuracy; (2)using different sizes of entries to insulate mice flows from elephant flows, which can handle the skewed data streams efficiently and improve memory utilization; (3) a Cuckoo-like replacement strategy for mice flows, so as to maintain accurate records for elephant flows. To verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our framework, we compared it with two well-known sketches as well as the recent proposed Augmented sketch and Pyramid sketch. Extensive experimental results on three different types of test datasets show that Cuckoo Counter outperforms these sketches considerably.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122967988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Osiński, Mateusz Kossakowski, H. Tarasiuk, R. Picard
{"title":"Offloading data plane functions to the multi-tenant Cloud Infrastructure using P4","authors":"Tomasz Osiński, Mateusz Kossakowski, H. Tarasiuk, R. Picard","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901895","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, we present the framework to offload VNF's data plane to the cloud infrastructure by leveraging the capabilities of P4. This approach allows tenants to run data plane functions directly on the programmable switches. Moreover, we propose the P4-based VNF offloading management interface as the extension to the DPPx framework - the target-independent P4 plugin for OpenStack.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126842986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaury Van Bemten, N. Deric, Amir Varasteh, Andreas Blenk, S. Schmid, W. Kellerer
{"title":"Empirical Predictability Study of SDN Switches","authors":"Amaury Van Bemten, N. Deric, Amir Varasteh, Andreas Blenk, S. Schmid, W. Kellerer","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901878","url":null,"abstract":"To meet their increasingly stringent dependability requirements, communication networks need to be predictable, both in terms of correctness and performance. In principle, Software-Defined Networks (SDN) enable such more predictable networks, however, these networks still depend the underlying switches. This paper presents an empirical study of the predictability of SDN switches. Our extensive benchmarking of seven hardware OpenFlow switches from four different manufacturers raises several concerns regarding the dependability of these switches. We uncover several incorrect and unpredictable behaviors and performance issues. In particular, we identify unpredictable behaviors related to the management of flows and buffers, and observe that existing quality-of-service mechanisms, such as priority queuing, introduce unexpected overheads. The latter, in turn, can lead to violations of latency guarantees. Based on our insights, we discuss first solutions toward more predictable architectures.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134271875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasanin Harkous, M. Jarschel, Mu He, R. Pries, W. Kellerer
{"title":"Towards Understanding the Performance of P4 Programmable Hardware","authors":"Hasanin Harkous, M. Jarschel, Mu He, R. Pries, W. Kellerer","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901881","url":null,"abstract":"P4 programmable data planes are becoming more popular due to the flexibility they provide in describing the packet processing pipeline. P4 successfully abstracts the processing pipeline of data planes using a limited set of constructs. The performance variation as a function of the configured P4 pipeline is an important aspect that should be studied. Analyzing the impact of different P4 constructs on packet latency helps in understanding the overall performance of P4 programmable devices. In this paper, we analyze the impact of a basic set of P4 constructs on packet processing latency to derive the influential parameters. We use the derived results to propose a method for estimating the packet latency of P4-based network functions implemented using the surveyed P4 constructs. Finally, we validate the accuracy of the proposed method by applying it to realistic network functions.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126292685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Graph-To-P4: A P4 boilerplate code generator for parse graphs","authors":"Eder Ollora Zaballa, Zifan Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901873","url":null,"abstract":"The work described in this paper presents Graph-to-P4, a toolset for generating P4 boilerplate code from parse graphs. The purpose of such a toolset is to provide a higher level of abstraction to program pipelines in order to fill the knowledge gap that some students may encounter when diving into P4. While P4 is not difficult to learn, Graph-to-P4 offers the possibility first draw parse graphs, generate P4 starter code and finally let programmers develop the specific data plane behavior (actions, tables, etc.). We have experienced that this toolset offers a smooth introduction to P4 and the intrinsic networking concepts attached to it. We show that the toolset has potential to provide a larger set of high-level abstractions (tables, actions, etc.)and an extension to provide a two-way code transformation.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129036448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Feature-based Video Transmission Framework for Visual IoT in Fog Computing Systems","authors":"Yuqin Wang, Jingce Xu, Wen Ji","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901872","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of the internet of things (IoT)promotes research in smart city and Fog computing. The vast volume of real-time visual data produced from the tremendous end devices in IoT is a big challenge for the network to transmit and for the data center to store. The typical case is the huge volume of visual data produced by the surveillance cameras in a smart city. In this paper, we consider the problem of how to allocate the calculation ability of the Fog node to handle the surveillance data to obtain low delay meanwhile maintain the video quality. To solve this challenge, we attempt to reduce the tremendous video data using deep learning models in the computational Fog node and optimize the transmission function for high efficiency. To reduce data, we extract video feature and keep salient zones with high resolution meanwhile leave the unavoidable distortion in less important areas. To obtain the least transmission delay under the dynamic bandwidth in Fog computing, we model the transmission delay function and solve it by Lagrangian dual decomposition. We make experiments on public dataset Cityscapes and 4G/LTE Bandwidth Log to evaluate our method. The experiment results show that our feature-based image processing method obtains around 68.7% higher average SSIM (structural similarity index)than the traditional HEVC in the salient zones, and our solution reduces the system delay by 71.02 % comparing with the plain transmission method. It proves our solution reduces the video transmission latency meanwhile keeps the SSIM of salient areas in the video.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dániel Horpácsi, S. Laki, Péter Vörös, M. Tejfel, Gergely Pongrácz, László Molnár
{"title":"Asynchronous Extern Functions in Programmable Software Data Planes","authors":"Dániel Horpácsi, S. Laki, Péter Vörös, M. Tejfel, Gergely Pongrácz, László Molnár","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901875","url":null,"abstract":"Target-independent packet processing languages support diverse hardware and software targets by generalizing over the set of primitive operations (extern-functions)available on the target. In P4, the language specification does not specify whether the invocation of an extern function is synchronous or asynchronous - supposedly synchronous by default. However, in some use cases, it makes more sense to invoke such functions in an asynchronous way and let the thread keep processing packets while the extern operation is being performed by a dedicated resource or accelerator device. In this paper, we propose a method for transparent description and efficient implementation of asynchronous extern function calls in P4-programmable software data planes. Our DPDK - based early prototype relies on the concept of coroutines used for saving packet contexts and manual switching between them. The overhead of the proposed solution is analyzed with a packet encryption case study.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130996319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjun Li, Tong Yang, Yeim-Kuan Chang, Tao Li, Hui Li
{"title":"TabTree: A TSS-assisted Bit-selecting Tree Scheme for Packet Classification with Balanced Rule Mapping","authors":"Wenjun Li, Tong Yang, Yeim-Kuan Chang, Tao Li, Hui Li","doi":"10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANCS.2019.8901884","url":null,"abstract":"To support fast rule updates in SDN, the Open vSwitch implements Priority Sorting Tuple Space Search (PSTSS) for its packet classifications. Although it has good performance on rule updates, it has a performance concern on table lookups. In contrast, decision tree methods are being actively investigated for high throughput, but they are not able to support fast updates because of rule replications. CutSplit, the state-of-the-art decision tree scheme, provides a novel rule update mechanism by avoiding tree reconstructions. However, its average update time is still two orders of magnitude larger than PSTSS. Meanwhile, existing decision trees are not only unbalanced but also depth unbounded, making them difficult to be optimized on FPGA. In this paper, we present a new decision tree scheme called TabTree, which achieves high performance on both lookups and updates. By mapping rules into tree nodes dynamically, a very limited number of balanced trees with bounded depths can be generated without the trouble of rule replications. Experimental results show that, TabTree has comparable update performance to PSTSS, but it outperforms PSTSS significantly in terms of number of memory accesses for packet classification. Additionally, TabTree is more practical for implementations on FPGA.","PeriodicalId":405320,"journal":{"name":"2019 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122488578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}