Smart Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between RALE Score, Age, Gender, D-Dimer, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension with Mortality Rate of COVID-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Ivan Ferdion, W. Widiastuti, Yusup Subagio, Hari Wujoso","doi":"10.13057/smj.v5i2.61512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v5i2.61512","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Introduction:</strong><strong> </strong>The evaluation of changes in RALE scores on chest radiography and increased D-Dimer values of COVID-19 patients can be prognosticators of severity in the progressive phase and risk of ARDS. This study aims to determine the relationship between Rale scores and mortality of COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at RSUD Dr. Moewardi.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This research is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional approach was conducted on COVID-19 patients who had undergone a chest radiography and a D-Dimer examination at RSUD Dr. Moewardi in the period May 2021 to July 2021.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Results: </strong>This research included of 126 patients with 109 (87%) have died and 17 (13%) lived. Increased RALE and D-Dimer scores were associated with mortality of COVID-19 patients in the ICU while gender (p=0.416), age (p=0.336), diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.852), and hypertension (p=0.464) did not have a significant relationship with the outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU with p>0.05. The RALE score has an OR = 7.566 (95% CI = 2.117-27.043) which means that the increase in the RALE score is 7.566 times greater for the death outcome than the RALE score which remains or decreases. The D-Dimer got an OR value of 3,679 (95% CI=1.169-11,576) which means that D-Dimer >2000 has a 3.655 times greater risk of death than D-Dimer <2000 in COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a relationship between changes in RALE and D-Dimer scores with the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in the ICU of RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Future research is expected to analyze other factors that have the potential to bias the results of the study such as changes in D-Dimer values, sociodemographic factors, clinical conditions and medical history in research subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129282778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation of Goat Kidneys Using Low Concentration Formalin for Human Anatomy Learning","authors":"Sindhu Wisesa, Khusnul Muflikhah, M. Mustofa, F. Arjadi","doi":"10.13057/smj.v5i2.62820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v5i2.62820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to formaldehyde from a preserved cadaver can cause several health problems in students, lecturers, and laboratory technicians working in medical anatomy laboratories. These conditions include respiratory tract irritation and cancer due to acute and chronic exposure, respectively. Lowering the frequency of contact with formaldehyde from preserved organs helps to ensure the safety of students, lecturers, and laboratory technicians. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of low concentration formalin as a preservative solution for goat kidneys. The organ was selected due to its anatomical structure similarity to humans.Method: Goat kidneys with 50-60 ml of volume were collected, washed, immersed in preservative solution, and stored for two months. The samples were then divided into four groups, which were preserved with different formalin concentrations, namely 30%, 20%, 10%, and 5%. The preservation parameters, namely organ structure and integrity, color, springiness, odor, and mold growth were qualitatively described, while the kidney volume was quantitatively measured.Results: After the samples were preserved for two months, they were observed, and all groups showed similar characteristics. The kidneys preserved with 5% or 10% formalin showed equal volume before and after two months of preservation.Conclusion: Low concentration formalin has the same effectiveness in preserving goat kidneys as the high concentration. It also has the potential to be applied in human anatomy learning.","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121167384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Enteral Lactoferrin Supplementation for Reducing the Risk of Preterm Infants Sepsis","authors":"Yehuda Tri Nugroho Supranoto, Dini Cynthia Dewi Tanuwijaya","doi":"10.13057/smj.v5i2.57007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v5i2.57007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy is strongly associated with preterm infant late-onset sepsis (LOS), which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Recently, Lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein significantly discovered in human colostrum, shows potential effect on reducing the risk of preterm infant LOS and mortality by its immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactoferrin on reducing the risk of preterm LOS, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and mortality in preterm infants. \u0000Methods: This study followed the guidelines provided by PRISMA. A literature search was conducted with PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The combined effect of LOS, NEC and mortality incidence were presented as risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model (REM) or fixed-effects model (FEM) forest plot. Furthermore, the heterogeneity level was checked by I2 and the p-value of the chi2 test. \u0000Results: The incidence of LOS was significantly higher in the control than lactoferrin supplementation group [RR=0.65, 95% CI (0.56,0.77), p<0.00001, I2=56%]. However, there were no significant differences in NEC [RR=0.80, 95% CI (0.63,1.02), p=0.10, I2=39%] and mortality [RR=0.94, 95% CI (0.77,1.13), p=0.49, I2=39%], despite the trends are higher in the control group. \u0000Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that enteral lactoferrin supplementation in preterm infants was associated with a significant reduction in LOS, but not NEC stage II or III and all-cause mortality. \u0000Registered Protocol: The protocol of this review was already registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number CRD42021279189.","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133396546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Age Groups with Clinicopathologic and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Tejo Jayadi, Brenda Miriane Rustam, Puji Kristi, Ngesti Chintia Dewi, Wiwiek Probowati, Hariatmoko Hariatmoko, J. W. Siagian","doi":"10.13057/smj.v5i2.59179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v5i2.59179","url":null,"abstract":" Introduction: The increase in incidence proportion of breast cancer disease among young patients < 40 years old is exceeding that of older patients. The purpose of the research is to know the differences between clinicopathologic and molecular subtypes between patients < 40 years old and ≥ 40 years old.Methods: The conducting research on Medical Records (MR) was an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The independent variable was age. Dependent variables were histopathological type, stage of disease, grade of tumor, and molecular subtype of cancer. Univariate analyses to describe the samples. The differences between those variables according to age groups were analyzed by a bivariate statistic and the odds ratio with a confident interval (CI) of 95% of each variable would be displayed by binary logistic regression statistic. Results: The most prevalent age of breast cancer patients was in the range of 50-59 years (47%), the mean age of 53.66 ± 0.977 years, in the range of 29 years old to 86 years old, and patients aged < 40 years was 12%. Ductal carcinoma type (89.7%), stage III tumor (40.2%), poor differentiation grade III (60.7%), and luminal A subtype (42.7%) were the most prevalent clinicopathologic and molecular subtypes. There weren’t differences between histopathologic type, stage of disease, and molecular subtype with age. The histopathologic grade was different from the age variable (p=0.015). Old age had worse histopathologic differentiation than young age (OR 2.166; 95% CI 0.973-4.823).Conclusions: There weren’t significant differences between stage and molecular subtypes of breast cancer between age groups. There was poorer histopathologic differentiation in patients ≥ 40 years.  ","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128203810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potency of Various MicroRNA as Sputum Biomarker in Lung Cancer","authors":"A. R. M. Alnaz, A. Abdillah, Rasyid Ridha","doi":"10.13057/smj.v5i1.54585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v5i1.54585","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lung cancer is one the deadliest cancer known. Current method using low-dose CT scan to screen lung cancer applied are proved to reduce mortality, but lack in accuracy leading to overdiagnosis. Current researches are mostly seeking for a non-invasive and cost-effective method, hence biomarkers such as microRNA has a potency to screen and diagnose lung cancer. This literature review aimed to discuss the potency of microRNA in sputum as a biomarker in screening lung cancer.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>The study is conducted by literature searching for related journals in search engines such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with keywords. 35 articles were included with relevance and within 10 years publication.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Result:</strong><strong> </strong>MicroRNA is a short non-coding RNA which regulates gene expression. It acts in an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulation. DNA mutations or defects occurred in cancer particularly in lung cancer causes increase or decrease of microRNA expression. Alterations of microRNA expression in sputum detected by rt-PCR may represent progressions of lung cancer from a cell cycle dysregulation and provides better sensitivity and specificity among other biomarkers. Combinations of miRNA species offer increase of  sensitivity and specificity. Particular types of microRNA are able to classify the types of lung cancer in progress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MicroRNA has the promising potency and strong accuracy with a non-invasive and cost-effective procedure in detecting early signs of lung cancer occurrence and can be further applied as biomarker used in lung cancer.</p><p>Keywords: Biomarker; Lung Cancer; microRNA; Screening; Sputum</p>","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121848274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hubungan Fungsi Kognitif Berdasarkan Skor MMSE dengan Hasil CT Scan Kepala Pasien Lansia","authors":"Damiana Nirmala Mukti Handayani, Rachmi Fauziah Rahayu, Nanang Wiyono","doi":"10.13057/smj.v4i3.57246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v4i3.57246","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Pendahuluan: </strong>Penurunan fungsi kognitif merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas dan ketergantungan akan perawatan lansia. Pemeriksaan dengan pencitraan memungkinkan kita untuk mengetahui perubahan struktural otak yang dapat menjadi prediktor munculnya demensia. Penelitian mengenai topik ini masih jarang dilakukan di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mempelajari hubungan antara hasil penilaian fungsi kognitif dengan <em>mini mental state examination</em> (MMSE) dan hasil CT scan kepala pasien lansia, yang distandarisasi dengan kriteria penilaian skala <em>global cortical atrophy </em>(GCA).</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Metode:</strong><strong> </strong>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode observasi. Populasi yang diteliti merupakan pasien yang berusia ≥60 tahun, menjalani pemeriksaan CT scan kepala pada tahun 2021, dan mampu menjalani pemeriksaan MMSE selama periode pengambilan data penelitian. Sampel diambil dengan <em>the</em> <em>rule of thumb </em>sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Rank Spearman.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Hasil:</strong><strong> </strong>Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 18 pasien perempuan dan 12 pasien laki-laki. Sebagian besar pasien memiliki fungsi kognitif yang normal dengan rata-rata skor MMSE 26 (±3,42) dan skala GCA 1 - 2. Terdapat korelasi negatif yang signifikan secara statistik (r=-0,546/p<0,002) antara fungsi kognitif berdasarkan skor MMSE dengan hasil pemeriksaan CT scan kepala pasien lansia.</p><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Terdapat hubungan negatif berkekuatan moderat antara fungsi kognitif berdasarkan skor MMSE dengan hasil pemeriksaan CT scan kepala pasien lansia.","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128947075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Tingkat Kepatuhan Masyarakat terhadap Protokol Kesehatan COVID-19 dengan Pendekatan Health Belief Model","authors":"Arianti Maisyaroh, Arifin Arifin, Evi Nurhayatun","doi":"10.13057/smj.v4i3.54670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v4i3.54670","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Pendahuluan: </strong>Munculnya virus SARS CoV-2 yang memiliki daya penularan tinggi telah menyebabkan terjadinya pandemi COVID-19 di seluruh dunia<em>. </em>Akibat belum ditemukannya pengobatan definitif dan belum meratanya vaksin untuk seluruh penduduk, maka menerapkan protokol kesehatan sebagai upaya pencegahan sejauh ini merupakan langkah ideal untuk menekan angka kejadian COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan melalui pendekatan <em>Health Belief Model</em> (HBM).</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Metode: </strong>Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi <em>cross sectional</em>. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui survei kuesioner yang diberikan langsung kepada responden. Subjek penelitian ini adalah penduduk Kecamatan Banjarsari berjumlah 100 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2021. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji <em>chi-square</em> (α=0,05) dengan <em>software</em> SPSS versi 21.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Hasil:</strong><strong> </strong>Pada uji <em>chi-square</em>, didapatkan hasil bahwa persepsi keparahan (p=0,012), persepsi hambatan (p=0,001), persepsi manfaat (p=0,031), dan isyarat untuk bertindak (p=0,003) berhubungan secara statistik terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan. Sementara persepsi kerentanan (p=0,164) dan efikasi diri (p=0,120) tidak berhubungan secara statistik terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Terdapat hubungan antara<strong> </strong>persepsi keparahan, persepsi hambatan, persepsi manfaat, dan isyarat untuk bertindak terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan.</p><p class=\"Keywords\">Kata Kunci: COVID-19, <em>Health Belief Model</em>, Kepatuhan, Protokol Kesehatan.</p>","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122031566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gejala Gastrointestinal sebagai Faktor Prognostik Keparahan dan Kematian pada Pasien COVID-19: Sebuah Meta-Analisis Global","authors":"Taufik Ridwan Hadi Kusuma, Mentari Maratus Sholihah, Muhammad Ifham Hanif","doi":"10.13057/smj.v4i3.54584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v4i3.54584","url":null,"abstract":"Pendahuluan: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan pandemi global yang menimbulkan manifestasi klinis yang luas termasuk gejala gastrointestinal. Beberapa studi telah meneliti tingkat keparahan dan mortalitas COVID-19 dengan manifestasi gastrointestinal, tetapi hanya di tingkat regional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggabungkan beberapa literatur tentang keparahan dan mortalitas akibat COVID-19 dengan manifestasi gastrointestinal di beberapa pusat studi dari berbagai negara.Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi meta-analisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari proses pencarian dan pemilihan data dari studi klinis di seluruh dunia. Pencarian artikel melalui database yang sistematik dan komprehensif dari PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ProQuest, dan Springer Link. Artikel dikumpulkan dengan diagram PRISMA, dilakukan telaah kritis menggunakan PRISMA checklist dan analisis PICO kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan perangkat Review Manager 5.4.1 dengan Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil analisis yang didapatkan berupa besarnya efek, heterogenitas dan model studi.Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis data dari berbagai studi di beberapa negara, hasil menunjukkan bahwa gejala gastrointestinal tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap peningkatan keparahan (aOR 0.77; 95% CI 0.35-1.70; I2=0.73; p=0.52) dan mortalitas  (aOR 0.87; 95% CI 0.34-2.21; I2=0.63; p=0.77) COVID-19.Kesimpulan: Pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala gastrointestinal lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk mengalami penyakit yang parah serta mortalitas dibandingkan pasien tanpa gejala gastrointestinal.Kata Kunci: Gejala Gastrointestinal, COVID-19, Faktor Prognosis, Keparahan, Kematian.","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130182554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Lama Terpapar Cahaya Smartphone Terhadap Ketajaman Penglihatan dan Mata Kering pada Siswa/i Sekolah Dasar Al-Irsyad Kota Surakarta","authors":"Windy Patadungan, Senyum Indrakila, Raharjo Kuntoyo","doi":"10.13057/smj.v4i3.47926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v4i3.47926","url":null,"abstract":" Pendahuluan: Meningkatnya  pengguna smartphone di era sekarang ini menimbulkan kekuatiran akan efek radiasi sinar smartphone terhadap kesehatan mata. Pada anak usia sekolah, hal ini merupakan salah satu masalah yang paling sering terjadi terhadap tingkat ketajaman penglihatan dan mata kering.  Secara Global, hampir 18,9 juta anak di bawah usia 15 tahun mengalami gangguan tajam penglihatan dan mata kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama terpapar cahaya smartphone terhadap ketajaman penglihatan dan mata kering pada siswa/i SD Al-Irsyad Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama terpapar cahaya smartphone terhadap ketajaman penglihatan dan mata kering pada siswa/i SD Al-Irsyad Kota Surakarta dalam jangka waktu yang lama.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-November 2020 di SD Al-Irsyad Kota Surakarta. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa/i kelas VI SD.  yang memiliki smartphone. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Besar sampel penelitian ini adalah 53 siswa/i SD Al-Irsyad Kelas VI yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk kriteria eksklusi. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis bivariat. Kedua variabel diuji untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat dengan metode Fisher Test menggunakan aplikasi IBM SPSS Statitik 25 For Windows.Hasil: Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Fisher test antara lama paparan cahaya smartphone yang diakumulasikan ke dalam tahun terhadap ketajaman penglihatan atau visus  didapatkan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,043 (P<0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik dan  lama paparan cahaya smartphone >3 tahun memiliki risiko 8,526 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami ketajaman penglihatan tidak normal (<6/6). Hasil uji Fisher test antara intensitas paparan cahaya smartphone (jam) dalam sehari terhadap mata kering didapatkan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,008 (p<0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik dan  individu yang memiliki intensitas terpapar cahaya smartphone >4 jam per hari memiliki resiko 7,7 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami mata kering. Hasil uji Fisher test antara lama paparan cahaya smartphone yang diakumulasikan ke dalam tahun terhadap mata kering di dapatkan nilai yang tidak siginfikan sebesar 0,604 (p>0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik antara lama paparan cahaya smartphone yang diakumulasikan ke dalam tahun dengan mata kering yang telah dikategorikan menjadi dua hasil ukur. Demikian juga dengan hasil Fisher test antara intensitas paparan cahaya smartphone dalam sehari (jam) terhadap ketajaman penglihatan (visus) di dapatkan nilai yang tidak siginfikan sebesar 0,769 (p>0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik antara intensitas paparan cahaya s","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121271173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potensi Terapi Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Untuk Gagal Hati Kronis Eksaserbasi Akut Akibat Infeksi Virus Hepatitis B: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Meta-analisis Terhadap Studi Uji Acak Terkontrol","authors":"Yehuda Tri Nugroho Supranoto, Dini Cynthia Dewi Tanuwijaya","doi":"10.13057/smj.v4i3.54185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/smj.v4i3.54185","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Pendahuluan: </strong>Gagal hati kronis eksaserbasi akut merupakan dekompensasi penyakit hati kronis yang sering berkaitan dengan infeksi virus hepatitis B (HBV). Terapi <em>Mesenchymal stem cells </em>(MSCs) telah menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan fungsi hati secara in vivo. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai potensi MSCs pada pasien dengan gagal hati kronis eksaserbasi akut terkait infeksi HBV.</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Metode:</strong><strong> </strong>Meta-analisis ini dibuat berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan dengan beberapa <em>database</em> elektronik, yakni PubMed, ScienceDirect, PMC, Google Scholar, dan Cochrane Library. <em>Risk ratio</em> (RR) dan <em>standardized mean difference</em> (SMD) dengan standar deviasi (SD) digunakan untuk membandingkan risiko mortalitas, skor <em>model for end-stage liver disease</em> (MELD), dan total bilirubin (TBIL) dari pemberian MSCs dan <em>standard medical therapy </em>(SMT).</p><p class=\"AbstractNormal\"><strong>Hasil:</strong><strong> </strong>Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko mortalitas cenderung lebih tinggi pada kelompok SMT (pooled RR= 0.52, 95%CI (0.40,0,69), p<0.00001, <em>I²=</em>0%). Skor MELD juga cenderung lebih tinggi pada kelompok SMT sampai 12 bulan setelah pengobatan (pooled SMD 0.36, 95%CI (0.07, 0.65), p= 0.00002, <em>I²=</em>65%). Perubahan TBIL lebih besar pada kelompok MSCs sampai dengan 4 minggu (pooled SMD= 0.20, 95%CI (-0.11,0.52), p=0.3, <em>I²</em>=16%) dan perubahan TBIL secara keseluruhan sampai 12 bulan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara intervensi MSCs dan SMT (pooled SMD= -0.07, 95%CI (-0.23,0.08), p=0.05, <em>I²= </em>42%).</p><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Kajian ini memberikan bukti kuat yang menunjukkan terapi MSCs memiliki potensi yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan fungsi hati pada pasien dengan gagal hati kronis eksaserbasi akut terkait infeksi HBV.","PeriodicalId":404004,"journal":{"name":"Smart Medical Journal","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129292645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}