Landscape Architecture and Art最新文献

{"title":"Changes of approach to urban context in international guidelines and experiences in Lithuanian urban environment","authors":"Eglė Navickienė, Edita Riaubienė","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.01","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the research is the concept of context, guidelines for the approach to it, and the ways by which it was regarded in the development of urban environment. The paper defines how these approaches and practices changed during the last century. During the last century, an especially dynamic and turbulent one, Lithuanian state experienced divergent and controversial periods: independence (1918-1940), World War II (1939–1945), Soviet period (1944–1990) and independence restored (1990-present). The paper\u0000discusses the Western attitudes and the evolution of approach towards context while dealing with urban environment, and peculiarities of Lithuanian practice in conformity with these attitudes during last century. The theoretic investigation is grounded by the documents formulated and declared by international organisations like CIAM, UNESCO, ICOMOS and others, as accumulations of pioneering thought. Particularly, their statements that consider the surrounding context as basis, principle, or inspiration for the creating,\u0000transforming or reconstructing the urban environment are analysed. The term context is used as a generalising term, an umbrella one, which covers several terms used in the documents or literature to define closer or wider urban environment while dealing with it. The paper focuses mostly on historical urban situations, and wide range of activities in changing the environment from architect or landscape architect’s professional point of view. The theoretic analysis is followed by the critical review of certain experiences in Lithuanian practice at that time, in characteristic redevelopment of spaces in the main cities (state capitals). The identified evolution reveals the expansion of the concept of urban context and growing regard for it both in theory and in practice. The evolution of contextual approach in Lithuanian practice follows the guidelines stated in documents\u0000of international organisations in spite of its political situation, but the research discloses its certain peculiarities.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46842853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partnership as meaningful tool of the material environment design formation in the context of education process","authors":"J. Jakaitis, Linas Krūgelis","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the process of practical Industrial product design education peculiarities at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, by examining it from Problem-Based Service-Learning (PBSL) perspectives. The author’s viewpoint is developed from conceptual idea to prototype and used as a basis for debate about the following question: How well does design education prepare students for real practical activity? In fact, the historically dominant model in design education, which focuses mainly on vocational skills without real practical adaptation, is investigated. On the one hand, the author observes that this model is still not suitable to provide designers with the critical skills and knowledge required for practical-based projects. On the other hand, the author identifies that traditional teaching can result in a procedural, technical and cognitive limitation. Equilibrating design-based skills with real practical-based skills is an interesting challenge for Industrial Product Design teachers. Discussion around PBSL method issues will be introduced in the case study format and wider influence of real practical-based projects in industrial product design education. Additionally, we could study from similar case studies of vocational disciplines (such as Architecture or Design) that are moving towards a real\u0000practical-based approach to their education.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of tourism potential doing concepts of development and heritage preservation issues of Zonouz city","authors":"Hassan Khalili Zonouz, R. Aliyeva, Mitra Azad","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.15","url":null,"abstract":"Zonouz city and its neighboring counties, including three counties and eleven areas, are located in the southern area of the Araz River in Azerbaijan and northwest of Iran. This city has many capabilities in terms of geography, civilization, and tourism, which can be considered as an advantage in urban development. The development in the city is a process occurs by relying on introversion and utilizing extroversion, among which urban regeneration can be highlighted. Thus, recognizing the components of empowerment is one of the main purposes. Applying the rules and observing the necessary principles reduce costs and increase productivity in development. The present study aims to study and compare the advantages of the city, which have more centrality and relative abilities than the peripheral cities, with those cities having the same geographical and cultural characteristics, and the least distance from the city, in an integrated and complementary collection in the tourism industry. Considering that different multi-city managers should similarly play a role, the appropriate reason for their participation can be balanced development and utilization from common interests. This benefit can be achieved\u0000based on the management and exploitation of natural and historical attractions, the results of which are synergy and improved performance and exploitation power from the interests.\u0000To this aim, the tourist abilities and natural and tourist attractions of the complex are identified and studied, and the results of the analysis are analyzed. The conclusion can be made based on using natural geography and cultural heritage advantages to protect historical buildings and textures better, along with a balanced development of a series of neighboring cities.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban transformations in state squares of the Baltic Sea region","authors":"Inesa Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.08","url":null,"abstract":"The square is a traditional element of urban fabric and, as a rule, a focal point of its urban spatial structure. It is not only an element that reflects the maturity of an urban structure but also transcends the sociocultural experience of society (heritage). It has been almost 30 years since the restoration of Baltic states independence, but the squares in the central parts of towns and cities have not acquired a complete result. The development of squares remains a burning issue in the structural aspect (the form, the ratio of a square and\u0000surrounding build-up), in the compositional aspect (formation of continuous building frontage, respective principles of the build-up, etc.), in the functional aspect (the rank of a square among other urban public spaces, etc.). This question is frequently raised at various levels (professional, political, social), just like the issue of status (both physical and social). This is especially true for the capital Vilnius of Lithuania, which still does not have the\u0000image of the stately representative square. The assumption is made that the comparative method can provide more information and will look at the topicality from another point. Therefore, this article presents a comparative study of the 4 countries of Baltic Sea region – Estonia, Latvia Lithuania and Poland. The capital cities of countries from a pre-defined region with similar culture, have been selected. They have a common feature – post socialist status in the Europe. The above discusses the main aspects of the formation of squares, reveals certain parallels between the main items of the capitals of Baltic Sea region countries and discusses the possible further development of the paths.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47591017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing technology as a method for discovering new creative opportunities for architecture and design","authors":"Linas Krūgelis","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.10","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing technology has been in existence for several decades and has long been used exclusively for industrial manufacturing or product prototyping, and today this rapidly progressing technology penetrates more and more effectively into creativity fields. It encourages re-evaluation of the possibilities and methods that every person today can create, model, change their living environment. Opens up new possibilities for customized\u0000architectural and product design. The world-wide technological experiments provide new and still untapped tools for future developers. The article analyzes the current situation of recent decade in the Western world regarding the use of three dimensional (3D) press in relation to the living environment. The study highlights emerging trends and new \u0000opportunities for creativity for architects and designers. From printing complex geometrical structures to practical application in product design. The research analyzes the research of different authors, and some significant technological innovations. All this makes it possible to concentrate and effectively evaluate the direction of the development of this industry and the expected result for the future development of architecture in contemporary digital age. Since 3D printing in architecture and landscape design is not yet widely used, the article discusses the most recent experiments conducted by various researchers in recent years, reflecting the trends of the fourth industrial revolution and which can influence further architectural development. The research methodology is based on historical research, analogical descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the research suggest that, as the 3d printing technology grows and develops, architecture and the\u0000design of the environment will acquire a wider variety of artistic expression.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44329364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intuitive design potential for optimization of material environment","authors":"J. Jakaitis, J. Zukas","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.09","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of a relationship between the material environment design and the society is an important research topic in achieving environmental, economic and social sustainability. The main subject of the article is the interaction between the material environment and society. Research of the material environment coherence problems is based on an innate human right to live in a cohesive environment. Aesthetic and creative criteria are important in order to understand nature – man – environment system bonds embodied in forms of the material environment. Therefore, society, material environment, and the urban spaces should be understood as an integral whole and their relations must be clarified on all possible levels to ensure human space integrity. The reflection of harmony has many forms which are related to the artistic upbringing, social life, household aesthetic, environmental sustainability, and etc. The article is exploring contexts for the material environment optimization and the integration of an intuitive interaction principles by the method of literature review and survey. The goal of this article is to reveal the potential of the new methodical approach which may provide more opportunities for the material environment enhancement. According to the contemporary cognitive and design studies, an effective tool can be intuitive interaction forming techniques. The intuitive interaction may be optimized by integrating principles of the world's mechanical causality, human sensory and cognitive abilities. These agents can be effectively linked to convey information and to create intuitively perceived, suggestive interaction scenarios, hence, providing more universal applications to add aesthetically and functional value to the spatial expression of the material environment design.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42817134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dominican and Franciscan Monastery Complexes on Urban Planning Development in the Livonia Confederation and the State of the Teutonic Order","authors":"S. Ozola","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.08","url":null,"abstract":"The Augustinians (Latin: augustiniani) lifestyle was determined by the Regula Sancti Augustini, developed in compliance with St. Augustin’s concept, created in the 8 century, but supplemented in the 9 century with a condition that monks have to live together in monasteries (Latin: abbatia). Augustinians preached that the power of the church is dominant over the secular and invited to eradicate the ones who thought in a different way. In the first half of the 12 century, Augustinians founded monasteries’ schools for sons of noble families. In cities, there were no places for worship. Inhabitants had to travel far in order to reach a monastery. In 1183, in the nearby Bexhövede Village foundations were laid for St. John the Baptist’s Church. The church was consecrated by Bremen Archbishop Siegfried I (around 1132–1184). Albrecht von Buxthoeven (1165–1229), who participated in the church foundation, started here his clergy journey, but, after becoming Bishop of Riga (Latin: Adalbertus Canonicus Rigensis), he laid the foundation-stone for Riga Cathedral on July 25, 1211. In 1214, Augustinian Canon Domenico di Guzmán (1170–1221) and some monks in Toulouse founded the religious organization the Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) or the Dominican Order. In Rome on the Aventine Hill the Dominicans (Latin: praedicatores) main church – Basilica of Santa Sabina (422–432) was consecrated. Dominicans, which were not allowed to own secular properties, did not look for seclusion. In cities, monasteries were established and care of the poor was taken. It was considered that monasteries did not need any riches. Monks had to provide their subsistence with work, but if it was not sufficient, they had to ask for alms. Dominican monasteries built for the Baltic land subjugation were the place of residence for monks in order to bring urban population to Christianity and to promote their education. In 1211, in Akona the Italian poet Giovanni Francesco di Pietro di Bernardone (1182–1226) started his missionary work. He, following the call to become a Catholic monk, founded the Franciscans Order and wrote the Regula Bulata (1209), which Pope confirmed in 1223. On March 18, 1212 Franciscus Assisiensis and Clara Assisiensis (1193–1253) founded the poor sisters’ Order of Saint Clare (Latin: Ordo Sanctae Clarae). People obtained a spiritual power supply, but the monks-beggars’ monasteries in medieval cities became important. Churches became accessible to inhabitants of city. Franciscan monasteries in the Baltic lands were places of residence for monks in order to bring the urban population to Christianity.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44679128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological guidelines for optimizing the interaction between landscape architecture and urban planning","authors":"Vaiva Deveikienė","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43170318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Contraventions in Tehran and Its Control by the Municipality","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Hajialirezalou","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.10","url":null,"abstract":"Most problems of Tehran metropolitan areas are associated with building contraventions. This paper, using descriptive-analytical method, is study of building contraventions in Tehran, Iran and its potential reasons. Discussed factors in non-compliance with building regulations and their quality in Tehran city. Also I argue how Tehran municipality has managed the contraventions of building violations. Given a review of conducted policies and activities related to building control, I concluded that wrong implementation of urban planning in Iran which is contrary to building standards and detailed plans, mostly is related to the contravention of building regulations in terms of floor area rate or stories which has caused Tehran to face with greater vulnerability to natural events. Also I found out that the economic factor is the most important reason for building violations in Tehran.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41746885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hiking in the landscape - the history of Europeans’ linkage to the landscape by hiking","authors":"Teresa Lúcio de Sales, J. Castro, M. G. Saraiva, T. Pinto-Correia","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.12.09","url":null,"abstract":"since remote times, man has hiked in the landscape, establishing bonds of communication and interconnection between two or more points. Hiking along trails is the means of escape for man, causing changes in the landscape, and making known sites and places. In this paper, the history of the dynamics established between the act of walking and the landscape, along with the changes in society (predominantly since the 18 century), are presented. The existence of paths in nature is older than the very existence of mankind itself. The act of walking has always been associated with the history of man, who has hiked in the landscape looking for food, making pilgrimages, marketing products, promoting sustainable mobility, tourism and healthy recreation, and contributing to the improvement of the population’s quality of life. There is a special connection to the landscape by walking. The paths are areas marked by time and by society. They are understood as a way of reading the landscape. The act of walking is associated with an art in which the pleasure is rather in sensations of the soul [37]. When we walk, we are exclusively dependent on ourselves and completely free to observe and appreciate the landscape as best suits us and with a complete tranquility [30; 37]. Knowledge of the landscape involves movement, and the best form of perceiving and establishing a close relationship with that landscape is walking. Nowadays, there is a significant increase in adherence to outdoor activities, especially walking. People are looking for new ways of being in contact with nature. A restorative effect of nature on man is, indeed, one of the fundamental aspects of this increased demand, and people walk for different reasons. Hiking in the natural landscape assumes a great importance for the maintenance of a healthy body and mind. It is important that we develop future research to improve our knowledge not only about the influence of walking in the natural landscape, related especially to the benefits it has on man’s creativity, but also to improve the knowledge about how to combine modern life with the benefits of walking in nature.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}