Biological and Applied Environmental Research最新文献

Long Term Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollutants in Sediment of Southern Iraq 伊拉克南部沉积物重金属污染物的长期监测

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.162

I. Qzar

引用次数: 0

Review on Characteristics and Immune Response against the Proteobacterian Acinetobacter baumannii Bouvet & Grimont, 1986 鲍曼不动杆菌的特性及免疫应答研究进展，Bouvet & Grimont, 1986

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.144

F. Abdul

{"title":"Review on Characteristics and Immune Response against the Proteobacterian Acinetobacter baumannii Bouvet & Grimont, 1986","authors":"F. Abdul","doi":"10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.144","url":null,"abstract":"The main cause of death remains infectious diseases, especially in many countries, due for example to the emergence of large numbers of microbial strains that are resistant to many drugs and the increase of new infectious diseases. The previous problem is mostly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. For example, Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to drug plays a serious role in the abortive treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. So, to improve effective treatment in contradiction of A. baumannii, it is vital to know the origin of bacterial host interfaces, particularly those related to the host's body's defenses. Altered innate immune cells, for example DCs, NK cells, monocytes and macrophages have been recognized as primary influences in protection, in contrast to A. baumannii, between them, neutrophils refer to a master immune cells that are essential for controlling infection. Several immunological strategies have been identified to fight A. baumannii for example acknowledgment of bacteria through immunocyte done design appreciation receptors, and certainly TLRs, which activate cytokine-containing germicidal mechanisms, oxidative blast and synthesis of chemicals to increase the immune response against germs of pathogens.","PeriodicalId":403888,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Applied Environmental Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121417968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Amino Acid Taurine on Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings during Salinity Stress 盐胁迫下氨基酸牛磺酸对草鱼鱼种的影响

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.218

Alia Salman

{"title":"Effect of Amino Acid Taurine on Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings during Salinity Stress","authors":"Alia Salman","doi":"10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.218","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary taurine (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%) on grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella fingerlings during salinity stress. Fishes (1.73-8.57 g) were fed a diet up to satiation twice daily for ten weeks in four treatments: T1, T2, T3 and T4. At the end of the feeding trial, fishes were stressed by exposure to 10 PSU salinity for 14 days during which fish survival rates, total protein, glucose, oxygen and energy consumption were observed. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.5) in the survival rates between treatments, which ranged from 73.3% to 93.3%. Total protein and glucose were significantly (P≤0.05) improved by a dietary taurine diet after 14 days of salinity stress in T2 and T3. Taurine supplementation significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced oxygen consumption with the highest value observed for T1 (255.8 mg O2/kg/hr) and T2 (213.6 mg O2/kg/hr), while the lowest value was in T3 (131.5 mg O2/kg/hr) and T4 (112.4 mg O2/kg/hr) after 14 days of salinity stress. Energy consumption rates were significant (P≤0.05) different between the treatments on the 14th day, T1 (0.85 kcal/kg/hr) significantly exceeded the other treatments, followed by T2 (0.72 kcal/kg/hr), T3 (0.44 kcal/kg/hr) and T4 (0.38 kcal/kg/hr). It appeared that taurine could be used as a feed supplement to confirm better energy consumption and blood biochemical parameters during salinity exposure of grass carp fingerlings with the optimal level of a 2% and 3% diet.","PeriodicalId":403888,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Applied Environmental Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116345207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Growth of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Cultivated in and outside Cages in Earthen Ponds in Basrah, Iraq 伊拉克巴士拉土池网箱内外养殖鲤鱼的生长比较

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.204

A. Al-Dubakel

{"title":"Comparison of Growth of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Cultivated in and outside Cages in Earthen Ponds in Basrah, Iraq","authors":"A. Al-Dubakel","doi":"10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.204","url":null,"abstract":"The current experiment was conducted in one earthen pond (2500 m2) at Agricultural Research Station of the Aquaculture Unit, College of Agriculture at the University of Basrah, Al-Hartha District from 17 February to 10 June 2021. This experiment aims to investigate growth differences between common carp cultivated in small cages (2 x 3 x 2 meter) located inside earthen pond and those were released in the same pond. Effects of fish stocking density inside small cages were also investigated. Four stocking densities were used [100 fishes in cages 1 and 2 (T1); 150 fishes in cages 3 and 4 (T2); 200 fishes in cages 5 and 6 (T3); 250 fishes in cages 7 and 8 (T4); while 1600 fishes were stocked in the earthen pond (T5)]. Fishes were fed daily 3% of fish weight on commercial sinking pellets manufactured by Agricultural Consultant Office of the College of Agriculture. Total length and weight of fishes were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, while subsamples of fishes were weighed periodically and daily feed changed after each weighing. Daily feed was divided into three meals, the first one was given early at the morning, the second one at mid-day and the third one at afternoon. Results of current experiment revealed best growth criteria in T1 where average final weight was 750.5 g, average weight increment was 454.6 g, average daily growth rate was 4.33 g/day and average feed conversion rate was 2.77. Some of these criteria showed significant differences (P≤0.05) between T1 and other treatments, while feeding conversion rate (3.33) was achieved by fishes reared outside cages in the pond. As a conclusion, it can be pointed out that growth criteria of fishes reared inside cages were better than fishes reared outside cages and fish stocking densities were not affecting growth criteria of fishes reared inside cages.","PeriodicalId":403888,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Applied Environmental Research","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131795409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Impact of Hindiya Dam on Copepoda Diversity in Euphrates River, North of Babylon Province, Iraq 欣迪亚大坝对伊拉克巴比伦省北部幼发拉底河桡足类多样性的影响

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.121

M. Nashaat

{"title":"Impact of Hindiya Dam on Copepoda Diversity in Euphrates River, North of Babylon Province, Iraq","authors":"M. Nashaat","doi":"10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.121","url":null,"abstract":"The study was the first trial to evaluate the effect of the Hindiya Dam on the Euphrates copepods diversity during January to December 2019. The copepod density average was decreased clearly at downstream the dam compared with dam site. Nauplii showed the highest percentages relative abundance while Macrocyclops albidus albidus was the lowest. Thirty-eight taxa were recorded, including 9, 4, 2, 1 and 22 taxa of Calanoida, Harpacticoida, parasitic cyclops, nauplii, and Cyclopoda, respectively. The average values of species richness index declined from 0.83 at site 1 to 0.62 at dam downstream. Copepods were considered as a distributed richness. Site 4 with 5 had the lowest similarity (49.99%), whereas the highest Jaccard index percentage (92.5%) was between sites 1 and 4. The average values of Shannon-Weiner index ranged from 0.788- 0.96 bit/ind at up and downstream dam, respectively. The dam is considered as moderate to unbalance according to uniformity index. Constant taxa decreased from 6 on upstream to 4 downstream dam. It was concluded that the change in hydrological conditions from current water in site 1 to limnetic basins in site 2, then back to current water at sites 3, 4 and 5 downstream dam had a significant impact on the spatial composition of the copepod community.","PeriodicalId":403888,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Applied Environmental Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120992660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluating the Water Quality of Al-Chibayish Marsh, Southern Iraq by Using the Canadian Index CCME-WQI 用加拿大指数CCME-WQI评价伊拉克南部Al-Chibayish沼泽水质

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.192

Azhar Al-Asadi

引用次数: 0

Heavy Metal Pollution in Iraqi Rivers and Impact on Human and Fish Health: A Review 伊拉克河流重金属污染及其对人类和鱼类健康的影响综述

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.95

E. Al-Sarraj

{"title":"Heavy Metal Pollution in Iraqi Rivers and Impact on Human and Fish Health: A Review","authors":"E. Al-Sarraj","doi":"10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.95","url":null,"abstract":"The Euphrates and Tigris rivers are the main vital water sources in Iraq, and therefore many studies have been conducted on them to find out the reasons for their pollution, and the most important sources of pollution are heavy metals. Heavy metals are usually present in nature. Some of them are necessary for life, but they can become toxic through their accumulation in living organisms, as they cannot be eliminated in ecosystems through natural processes, unlike most organic pollutants, where these elements are one of the dangerous pollutants that enter the freshwater environment and cause an imbalance in the ecological system. This is directly or indirectly reflected on the human beings. These elements enter the plant and animal bodies through the soil, water and air which have been categorized by their ability to bio-accumulate in the tissues of animals and elevate their concentration in the tissue and body fluids. Such bioaccumulation causes toxicity to living organisms and may affect human public health. Fishes are the most susceptible among the aquatic animals to the toxicity of heavy metals. They are a basic food source and animal protein, cheap and economical, with a high nutritional value and the human body needs them on a permanent and continuous basis. Fishes are also commonly used in assessing the health of aquatic organisms. This review is focused on the pathological effects of heavy metals in both fishes and humans.","PeriodicalId":403888,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Applied Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130752150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Study on Precipitation Change and its Impact on Wheat Cultivation in Sulaimaniyah Region, Iraq 伊拉克苏莱曼尼亚地区降水变化及其对小麦种植的影响研究

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.178

Akram Abdul Rahman

{"title":"A Study on Precipitation Change and its Impact on Wheat Cultivation in Sulaimaniyah Region, Iraq","authors":"Akram Abdul Rahman","doi":"10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.178","url":null,"abstract":"Using a production function method and district-level data from 1941 to 2020, this study examines the influence of climate change on wheat cropped area in Sulaimaniyah. The data for these time periods provide evidence of an increase in mean rainfall. Since the quantity of rain that fell on Sulaimaniyah during the 79-year research period is averaged out, it comes to 679 mm, which is a good rate for fulfilling agricultural irrigation demands in this location, especially when an essential crop like wheat requires about 450 mm for adequate output. Only nine years, out of the 79 years analyzed, had less than 450 mm of rain, while the rest had more than 450 mm. During the research period, variations in rainfall quantities had an impact on the farmed areas. Season 2019-2020 cultivated about 39250 hectares in Sulaimaniyah Region, with precipitation of 746 mm, while the season before that was one of the wettest, with 1317 mm rain. For the rainy years, which allow greater areas for cultivation, the visual distribution of cultivated areas across the study years reveals a semi-organized pattern. Seasons 2006-2007, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 were three of the driest seasons, with agricultural areas reduced to bare minimums despite acceptable rainfall levels, although those years were not drought years, since a drought year is defined as a year with less than 300 mm of rain.","PeriodicalId":403888,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Applied Environmental Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132110428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Histopathological Changes in the Liver and Spleen of Albino Mouse, Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 Experimentally Infected with the Hydatid Cyst of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) and Its Treatments with Oxfendazole 实验感染细粒棘球绦虫(Batsch, 1786)的白化小鼠肝脾组织病理学变化及奥芬达唑治疗

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.2.113

A. Sadek

引用次数: 0

A New Host and a New Locality for Aspidogaster limacoides Diesing, 1834 (Trematoda: Aspidogastridae) Infecting the Caspian Freshwater Turtle Mauremys caspica (Gmelin, 1774) in Basrah Province, Iraq 伊拉克巴士拉省里海淡水龟Mauremys caspica (Gmelin, 1774)感染的1834年新宿主和新地点(吸虫目:刺毛蛛科

Biological and Applied Environmental Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51304/baer.2022.6.1.44

Salem Al-Daraji

引用次数: 0