{"title":"The characteristics of the new powers granted to consumer protection authorities under Regulation 2017/2394","authors":"M. Sobczyńska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6684","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the characteristics of the new powers granted to consumer protection authorities under Regulation 2017/2394. They concern the possibility of interfering with the online interface of a trader who commits cross-border infringements of collective rights of consumers concluding contracts in the digital area. Powers include the ability to remove content or to restrict access to an online interface; to order a hosting service provider to remove, disable or restrict access to an online interface; or the power to order domain registries to delete a fully qualified domain name. The text discusses the reasons for introducing such regulations and the manner of their implementation in the draft national regulation, as well as a brief discussion of legal solutions in selected Member States. Attention was also drawn to the issue raised in the public debate on the compliance of provisions authorizing administrative authorities to interfere with websites with the criteria formulated in several recent judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133876700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The financial settlement with the USSR for the resettlement of the population as a result of the change in the eastern border of the Polish state","authors":"Anna Korzeniewska-Lasota","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6689","url":null,"abstract":"The financial settlement with the USSR for the resettlement of the population as a result of the change in the eastern border of the Polish state.The events of September 17, 1939, when the Red Army entered Polish territory, triggered a series of events that ultimately led to the reconfiguration of the countrys eastern border. The agreement on the Polish-Soviet state border, signed by the Polish Committee of National Liberation on July 27, 1944, adopted the so-called Curzon Line as the basis for delineating the border. Although the validity of the agreement was questionable, it became the starting point for the conclusion of the so-called Republican Agreements in 1944, which were agreements with the Soviet republics on evacuating the population, resulting in the resettlement of many people.The article presents the financial settlement process between Poland and the USSR for the resettlements that occurred due to the aforementioned agreements. It describes the negotiations that took place between the Polish and Soviet sides, as well as their culmination in the form of an agreement on July 21, 1952, which obligated Poland to pay a significant amount covering the costs of those repatriations.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128854613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Access to clinical trial dossiers and documents submitted for the marketing authorisation of a medicinal product under the provisions on access to public information","authors":"Magdalena Malinowska-Wójcicka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6683","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to an analysis of the current regulations on the disclosure of clinical trial documentation of a medicinal product and documents submitted for the marketing authorisation of a medicinal product. Undoubtedly, due to the very high commercial value of the data obtained in the course of a clinical trial, the sponsor of such a clinical trial is interested in the widest possible coverage of its business secrecy. On the other hand, however, it is in the interest of patients and the public's health protection at large to have the widest possible access to this information.This article is devoted to an analysis of the current legal provisions on the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal products for human use and the registration of these products, both at EU and Polish level, as well as regulations on access to public information. In order to better illustrate the scale of information that may be covered by a request for access, the scope of documentation created in the course of conducting a clinical trial is also presented.The article also presents the rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning the scope of the obligation to provide access to this type of documentation and possible exceptions to the general principle of access to all documents processed by EU or national authorities. The purpose of the article is to juxtapose the interests of patients (the widest possible access to data on clinical trials and registration of medicinal products) with the interests of companies conducting clinical trials and to confront the practice of Polish regulators - the President of the Office for Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Biocidal Products and the European Medicines Agency - with the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in this respect.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"87 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125720363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CJEU case law on CHF loans the most important issues still awaiting for the decision (limitation of claims, remuneration for the usage of capital)","authors":"Jarosław Ciesielski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6680","url":null,"abstract":"The Unfair Contract Terms Directive and provisions of the national law which implement that legal act realize a system of consumer protection against the usage of abusive clauses in contracts concluded by consumers and professionals. The large set of case law provided by the CJEU makes it possible to clarify the principles and scope of the consumers protection. However, it is not comprehensive, as there are still important legal issues that have not been yet resolved by the CJEUs judgements. They concern, in particular, such important issues for borrowers as determining the beginning of the limitation period for claims of the parties to the contract, as well as assessing the legitimacy of the lenders' claims for payment of remuneration for the use of the capital of the loan, which had been paid on the basis of a contract which has been declared void. That issues are addressed by references in preliminary ruling proceedings, currently conducted before the CJEU on the basis of questions submitted by Polish courts, in cases concerning borrowers. Examination of these questions leads to the conclusion, that the Court probably will take a pro-consumer position on these key issues, consistently advocating for the broad protection of the weaker party to the contract.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123255613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The international arbitration as a method of settling investment disputes","authors":"Barbara Sikoń","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6687","url":null,"abstract":"The main subject of this article is an analysis of the mechanism of settling investment disputes by means of international arbitration. This essay indicates that factors such as globalization, digitization, intensification of international economic contacts, especially between advanced countries and developing countries, have contributed to the increase in the number of investment disputes, which determines the need to resolve these disputes on the basis of the international law. Due to the origin of entities from different countries with different economic systems and various legal cultures, the international investment arbitration seems to be an effective way to resolve disputes, which provides private investors with guarantees of investment security. The article mentions the characteristic features of the international investment arbitration, such as: consensuality, dispute resolution by an independent tribunal, equality of parties to the proceedings, the possibility of dispute resolution based on the principle of equity, decentralized nature of arbitration. The essay also relates to the clauses appearing in the agreements on the promotion and mutual protection of investments. In addition to this, de lege ferenda conclusions regarding the increase of the transparency of the arbitration proceedings and allowance of the participation of so-called friends of the court in the investment arbitration have been mentioned in the present article as well.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114641276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report on the scientific conference Thirty Years of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement of 1993 on Legal Aid: Evaluation of Effectiveness in Civil and Commercial Matters","authors":"Luiza Nadstazik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7267","url":null,"abstract":"The report focuses on the international scientific conference Thirty Years of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement of 1993 on Legal Aid: Evaluation of Effectiveness in Civil and Commercial Matters held on March 20, 2023, at the University of Warsaw. During the conference proceedings, the following issues were discussed: the significance of the 1993 Agreement as a source of law, its procedural issues, commercial contracts and ADR, registration of civil status in Polish-Ukrainian relations and conflict-of-law issues in relations with Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133947581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the law of the sea historical outline and contemporary attempts to respond to climate change","authors":"Joanna Siekiera","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6678","url":null,"abstract":"The law of the sea as one of the most important domains of public international law is developing dynamically. The process of establishing maritime law norms is made of many centuries of struggle for the interests of individual maritime powers and decades of negotiations on an international agreement. Unfortunately, in the face of the threat to the statehood of many states and the existence of many dependent territories, being climate change, the UNCLOS is not enough. Hence, international custom appears so important and brings fast and satisfactory international legal effects. The process started by island states in the Pacific Ocean is unprecedented. They deposit satellite coordinates of their maritime borders at the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf at the Division for Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea. In this way, they confirm the rights of territorial integrity and the rights stemming from UNCLOS in relation to their zones - primarily the continental shelf.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133367137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International drug crime in forensic and criminological terms","authors":"Paweł Opitek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6688","url":null,"abstract":"The article entitled \"International drug crime in forensic and criminological terms\" first indicates why this issue is important for lawyers and those working in law enforcement and presents the research method the author has used to accurately diagnose the issue under consideration. Subsequent chapters deal with the nature of \"drug\" crimes committed, the personal profile of their perpetrators, the importance of extrajudicial activities in combating the crime in question, the sale of illicit substances on the Internet and the laundering of money which comes from drug trafficking. It concludes by pointing out the basic features of cross-border drug crime and the dilemmas involved in combating it. The article was written based on the author's knowledge and experience as a prosecutor and in dealing with the crime in question. The paper is therefore entirely the authors work.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131697551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Procedural aspects of patent infringement proceedings comparison of the procedure before the Polish national court and the Unified Patent Court","authors":"Oskar Gińko","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6685","url":null,"abstract":"The entry into force of the Unified Patent Court Agreement is an event that will significantly affect the examination of patent cases in Europe. On this occasion, it is worth comparing the procedure of the newly created court with the national procedure. The aim of the article is to present the procedure before the Unified Patent Court, as well as to compare both procedures and consider changes that should be introduced in the national procedure. Particular attention is paid to the technical judges, as well as to the procedure to determine the amount of compensation.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130622498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constitutionalization of international law in the light of French doctrine","authors":"J. Szymanek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6677","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the topic of the constitutionalization of international law starting from the reasons why international law began to be introduced into constitutional texts. This was the result of, among other things, the growth of international organizations, the tightening of relations between the various subjects of international law, the promotion of human rights, the desire to prevent the drama of war and, finally, the processes of integration and globalization. The process of incorporating international law into the constitution was also not indifferent to the French Constitution, which provides a number of provisions expressing the principle of favourability (openness) to international law. The article analyzes in detail the position of French doctrine, addressing the subject of the purposive assumptions of the constitutionalist procedure, as well as praxeological assumptions.","PeriodicalId":403517,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130467801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}