Medicine Law & Society最新文献

{"title":"Parental Reproductive Liberty for Choosing the Sex of Their Offspring: an Analysis of the Positions in Muslim Law and Christianity","authors":"S. S. S. Haneef, M. A. A. Razak","doi":"10.18690/MLS.12.2.61-78.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/MLS.12.2.61-78.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Technological developments in the domain of fertility treatment in spite of thier utilitarian uses come with a plethora of ethico-religious challenges for people of faith particularly if they contradict some of their core religious values and beliefs about human procreation. The most disruptive among such challenges is declaring parental choice of a specific gender to their future offspring as part of their reproductive liberty (right). As to how major semitic religions, such as Christionaity and Islam respond to it, the answer is polemical. Christianity genrally objects to it mainly because it turns procreation into a manufacturing business instead of leaving the sex of a baby to God. The Islamic position, on the other hand, is less rigid as the majority of Sunni Muslim legists, without much reflections on its ethical dilemmas, approve it not only for medical reason but also family balancing while dissenting views among them consider it a direct affront on what God has declard to be His domain of perfection of human procreation. This paper, therefore, argues that defining parents` decision on sexing a “right” or “liberty” is difficult to maintain unless a far-fetched perspective of scriptural texts is adopted.","PeriodicalId":40345,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Law & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67767487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual autopsy in legal medicine: literature review and example of application on the mummified remains","authors":"I. Kružić, I. Jerković, Frane Mihanović, A. Marušić, Š. Anđelinović, Ž. Bašić","doi":"10.18690/ML","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/ML","url":null,"abstract":"The virtual autopsy and post-mortem imaging methods are relatively novel methods used in medicine to determine cause and manner of death. They can also be exceptionally useful in the process of identification. Although they have numerous advantages, they are still not implemented in practice to a sufficient extent because the methodology has not yet been validated, and studies that deal with legal and practical implications of those methods are relatively scarce. In this article we describe basic principles and advantages of the methodology, explore related legal and practical issues, and present a case of virtual autopsy in practice on the mummified remains of St. Ivan Olini from Church of St. Blaise in Vodnjan (Croatia).Virtualna obdukcija in postmortalna metoda slikanja sta relativno novi metodi v medicini za ugotovljanje vzroka in načina smrti. Izjemno koristni sta lahko tudi v procesu identifikacije. Kljub številnim prednostim pa se v praksi še vedno ne izvajata v zadovoljivem obsegu, ker metodologija še ni potrjena, študije, ki se ukvarjajo s pravnimi in praktičnimi posledicami teh metod, pa so redke. V tem članku so opisana temeljna načela in prednosti metodologije, preučevana so pravna in praktična vprašanja ter predstavljen primer virtualne obdukcije v praksi na mumificiranih ostankih sv. Ivana Olinija iz cerkve sv. Blaža v Vodnjanu (Hrvaška).","PeriodicalId":40345,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Law & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42693613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insurance of No-fault Responsibility in Medicine","authors":"Miroslav Džidić, Nikolina Maleta","doi":"10.18690/mls.11.2.137-152.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/mls.11.2.137-152.2018","url":null,"abstract":"Professional liability insurance in medicine based on the no-fault principle is not a novel legal concept, but it has gained popularity in recent years. The reason for this is because the classic professional liability system that exists in most European countries is obsolete. The basic shortcomings of the traditional insurance model are the overwhelming amount of litigation before the courts and the associated costs that are associated with it. At a time when modern medicine emphasizes the importance of patient education and awareness, which includes also informing patients of both their legal rights and obligations in connection with the medical treatment process, it is very difficult to retain the traditional insurance model where the physician's liability is premised solely on the physician's fault. Medicine is a humane profession and as such requires the greatest possible protection for health care users as well as for those who perform this extremely important activity for the society. This paper emphasizes the advantages of the no-fault liability insurance model and compares it with other insurance models in the field of medicine. The authors make suggestions for possible reforms to the classic medical professional liability insurance model in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Zavarovanje poklicne odgovornosti v medicini, ki temelji na nekrivdnem načelu, ni nov pravni koncept, a je v zadnjih letih pridobil na priljubljenosti. Razlog za to je, ker je klasični sistem poklicne odgovornosti, ki obstaja v večini evropskih držav, zastarel. Osnovne pomanjkljivosti tradicionalnega zavarovalnega modela so velika količina sodnih sporov pred sodišči in z njimi povezani stroški. V času, ko sodobna medicina poudarja pomen izobraževanja in ozaveščenosti pacientov, kar vključuje tudi obveščanje pacientov o njihovih pravicah in obveznostih v zvezi s postopkom zdravljenja, je zelo težko ohraniti tradicionalni model zavarovanja, kjer je odgovornost zdravnika vezana zgolj na krivdo zdravnika. Medicina je humani poklic in kot taka zahteva največjo možno zaščito za uporabnike zdravstvenega varstva in za tiste, ki opravljajo to izjemno pomembno dejavnost za družbo. Ta članek poudarja prednosti modela zavarovanja nekrivdne odgovornosti in ga primerja z drugimi zavarovalnimi modeli na področju medicine. Avtorja podajata predloge za morebitne reforme modela klasičnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja poklicne odgovornosti v Bosni in Hercegovini.","PeriodicalId":40345,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Law & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49160415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Human Rights Law and the Protection of the Elderly in Europe","authors":"S. Tonolo","doi":"10.18690/mls.11.2.107-120.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/mls.11.2.107-120.2018","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of the elderly is a fundamental topic within the international human rights law, strictly connected to the perceived centrality of a person with disabilities as subject of rights. Some problems may arise as much from the absence of a uniform definition of elderly people and of person with disabilities, as from the different national rules on this matter. In fact the rights of elderly people have not yet received the international legal attention they deserve. Many treaties refer to rights that are of particular interest to the elderly, but there is no comprehensive international instrument that adequately addresses the specific protections required for the elderly. Actually, standards that protect older people’s rights are scattered throughout various international and regional conventions. There is no doubt that the elderly are protected by human rights treaties, as is any member of society, however, in order to realistically guarantee equal enjoyment of those rights to older persons, states must do more than refrain from violating human rights of every member of society.Varstvo starejših je osrednja tema mednarodnega prava človekovih pravic, ki je strogo povezana z zaznavno centralnostjo invalidne osebe kot subjekta pravic. Problemi se lahko pojavijo zaradi pomanjkanja enotne definicije starejših in invalidov, kot tudi zaradi različnih nacionalnih pravil v zvezi s tem. Dejansko pravice starejših oseb še niso prejele mednarodne pravne pozornosti, ki si jo zaslužijo. Številne pogodbe se nanašajo na pravice, glede katerih imajo starejši poseben interes, vendar ni celovitega mednarodnega instrumenta, ki ustrezno obravnava posebno varstvo, ki ga potrebujejo starejši. Pravzaprav so standardi, ki ščitijo pravice starejših, razpršeni po različnih mednarodnih in regionalnih konvencijah. Ni dvoma, da so starejši zaščiteni s pogodbami o človekovih pravicah, kot je vsak član družbe, vendar pa morajo države, da bi dejansko zagotovile enako uživanje teh pravic starejšim osebam, storiti več kot le vzdržati se kršitev človekovih pravic vsakega člana družbe.","PeriodicalId":40345,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Law & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44522927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerable consumers, their health and urgent supply of electrical energy in Slovenian legal framework","authors":"Luka Martin Tomažič, Suzana Bračič, Borut Bratina","doi":"10.18690/mls.11.2.91-106.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/mls.11.2.91-106.2018","url":null,"abstract":"The question of access to a cost-accessible source of electrical energy during the winter months is one of the pressing concerns of social security even in developed states. We will analyse the complex legal, health and economic issues that are connected with the notion of who a vulnerable consumer is as defined in the Slovenian Energy Code (EZ-1). We will do so by analysing the nature of electrical energy in the Slovenian legal framework and then by evaluating the legal solutions proposed for vulnerable consumers. Consequences for an individual’s health, with a focus during the winter months, will be assessed and a comparative overview of legal solutions will be performed. Lastly, we will argue that the current solution may well be economically untenable and that a revision might be in order.Vprašanje dostopa do stroškovno dostopnega vira električne energije v zimskih mesecih je tudi v razvitih državah eden od nujnih vprašanj socialne varnosti. Analizirali bomo kompleksna pravna, zdravstvena in ekonomska vprašanja, povezana s pojmom, kdo je ranljivi potrošnik glede na opredelitev v slovenskem Energetskem zakonu (EZ-1). Tega se bomo lotili z analizo narave električne energije v slovenskem pravnem okviru in nato z oceno zakonskih rešitev, ki so predlagane za ranljive potrošnike. Ocenili bomo posledice za zdravje posameznika, s poudarkom na zimskih mesecih, in podali primerjalni pregled zakonskih rešitev. Sklepno bomo trdili, da bi bila sedanja rešitev lahko ekonomsko nevzdržna, zato bi bila priporočljiva sprememba zakonodaje.","PeriodicalId":40345,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Law & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47579342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Neuroscientific Discoveries in Criminal and Civil Evidence Law","authors":"Denis Magyar","doi":"10.18690/mls.11.2.121-136.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18690/mls.11.2.121-136.2018","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of objectification in criminal and civil evidence law is the basis of present work. Neuroscientific discoveries should be taken into account in evidentiary procedures when objectifying subjective facts. The first neuroscientific steps in objectifying pain and other subjective facts have already been made. The author outpoints certain limitations in the field of incorporation of neuroscientific discoveries into judicial procedures. He argues that some neuroscientific discoveries are already suitable for evidentiary purposes and their number will gradually increase. Neuroscience is looking forward to a gradual improvement of neuroimaging technologies that will increase the number of (reliable) discoveries applicable in evidence law. Neuroscientific discoveries are going to become an important part in objectification of subjective facts in criminal and civil procedures.Problem objektivizacije v kazenskem in civilnem dokaznem pravu predstavlja izhodišče predmetnega dela. Avtor zastopa stališče, da bi bilo koristno pri objektivizaciji subjektivnih dejstev uporabiti odkritja nevroznanosti. Ta je namreč že naredila prve korake na področju objektivizacije bolečine in drugih subjektivnih dejstev. Avtor opozarja tudi na omejitve, ki se lahko pojavijo pri uporabi nevroznanstvenih odkritij v sodnih postopkih. Zaključuje, da se lahko posamezna odkritja že uporabijo v dokazne namene in da se bo njihovo število še povečevalo. Nadaljnji razvoj bo namreč izboljšal nevroznanstvene metode, kar bo povečalo število (zanesljivih) odkritij v dokaznem pravu. S tem bodo nevroznanstvena odkritja postala pomemben del objektivizacije subjektivnih dejstev v kazenskih in civilnih postopkih.","PeriodicalId":40345,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Law & Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43169133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}