Matthew Rimmer, M. Lloyd, G. Mokdsi, Doris Spielthenner, Ewan Driver
{"title":"Intellectual Property and Biofuels: The Energy Crisis, Food Security, and Climate Change","authors":"Matthew Rimmer, M. Lloyd, G. Mokdsi, Doris Spielthenner, Ewan Driver","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2610985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2610985","url":null,"abstract":"In light of larger public policy debates over intellectual property and climate change, this article considers patent practice, law, and policy in respect of biofuels. This debate has significant implications for public policy discussions in respect of energy independence, food security, and climate change. The first section of the paper provides a network analysis of patents in respect of biofuels across the three generations. It provides empirical research in respect of patent subject matter, ownership, and strategy in respect of biofuels. The second section provides a case study of significant patent litigation over biofuels. There is an examination of the biofuels patent litigation between the Danish company Novozymes, and Danisco and DuPont. The third section examines flexibilities in respect of patent law and clean technologies in the context of the case study of biofuels. In particular, it explores the debate over substantive doctrinal matters in respect of biofuels – such as patentable subject matter, technology transfer, patent pools, compulsory licensing, and disclosure requirements. The conclusion explores the relevance of the debate over patent law and biofuels to the larger public policy discussions over energy independence, food security, and climate change.","PeriodicalId":402695,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122846414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulatory Environment and Subsidies and It's Impact on Rice Sub-Sector in India","authors":"Krishna M. Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2588522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2588522","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural growth has been largely responsible for India’s desire for long term food security for its rapidly growing population and making food affordable by price stabilization. It is therefore a big challenge for the policy makers to make policies which enable farmers to efficiently adjust to a less regulated production and marketing environment. Lack of an effective competition policy regime in India, has constrained the farm sector gains from trade reforms, and farmer’s capacity to adopt new technologies. Thus, well thought agricultural policy reforms are essential to enhance the agricultural sectoral productivity in India. The current paper is an attempt to understand the various regulatory provisions and subsidies which affect the production and trade of rice the most important food crop in India and the world.","PeriodicalId":402695,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131678096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Mandatory Agro-Environmental Policy on Farm Environmental Performance","authors":"J. Jaraitė, A. Kažukauskas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1924825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1924825","url":null,"abstract":"The EU farmers are subject to mandatory cross compliance measures requiring them to meet environmental conditions to be eligible for public support. These obligations reinforce incentives for the farmers to change their behaviour towards the environment. We apply quasi-experimental methods to measure the causal relationship between cross-compliance and farm environmental performance. We find that cross compliance reduced farm fertiliser and pesticide expenditure. This result also holds for farmers who participated in other voluntary agro-environmental schemes. However, the results do not support our expectations that farmers who relied on larger shares of public payments had a stronger motivation to improve their environmental performance.","PeriodicalId":402695,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127823290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending Labour Inspections to the Informal Sector and Agriculture","authors":"P. Deshingkar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1524722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1524722","url":null,"abstract":"Labour inspections could, in theory, improve labour standards and help countries move towards decent work goals and the elimination of chronic poverty. But, in practice, inspections are either not conducted or do not result in penalties for those who break the law. Using the case of India, and examining labour contracts and standards in selected informal agricultural and non-agricultural occupations, the author identifies the reasons for this state of affairs: corrupt and under-resourced labour departments; subcontracting arrangements where employer–employee relationships are difficult to prove; little political commitment to improving labour standards; and poor coverage of new categories of work by existing labour laws. The paper also documents how, in the absence of an effective labour inspection machinery, civil society organisations and the media have successfully mobilised consumers and NGOs in the West to put pressure on suppliers in global value chains to improve labour standards and eliminate child labour. [Working Paper No. 154]","PeriodicalId":402695,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"14 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122974435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing Countries and the WTO Agriculture Negotiations","authors":"J. Clapp","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.894947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.894947","url":null,"abstract":"The Doha 'Development' Round of trade negotiations at the WTO has featured agricultural trade liberalization as one of its key aims. But developing countries were frustrated with both the process and the content of the agricultural agreement negotiations early on in the Round. This prompted these countries, through a number of developing country groupings such as the G-20 and others, to call for changes in the talks to ensure that developing country voices and concerns were heard. Though developing countries were in many ways successful in registering their concerns in the latter half of the negotiations and have maintained a fairly high degree of cohesion across the Global South, it remains unclear whether this cohesion will last as the uneven impacts of agricultural trade liberalization become apparent.","PeriodicalId":402695,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130327586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Методические рекомендации по залогу земель сельскохозяйственного назначения для крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств. (Methodical Recommendations for Peasant Farms about Lands Pledge for Agricultural Purpose)","authors":"Natalia Shagaida","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2654697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2654697","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В работе представлены результаты анализа распространения практики кредитования крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств под залог земель сельскохозяйственного назначения в России, оценен потенциал его распространения, составлен свод стимулов и ограничений этого вида ипотеки. В помощь главам КФХ в работе приведены правовые основы залога земли, а также рекомендации по его осуществлению. Рекомендации иллюстрированы примерами, приведены монографические описания случаев залога земли в КФХ. Методические рекомендации предназначены для глав КФХ, специалистов органов управления сельским хозяйством, АККОР, банковских работников. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: Methodical recommendations for peasant farms about lands pledge for agricultural purpose are provided,Potential of his distribution is estimated, the arch of incentives and restrictions of this type of a mortgage is made in this work.","PeriodicalId":402695,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130174915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}