{"title":"Coty, Amazon, and the Future of Vertical Restraints: Evolving Distribution Norms on Both Atlantic Shores","authors":"C. Sagers","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3245418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3245418","url":null,"abstract":"Coty Germany, GmbH v. Parfumerie Akzente, GmbH, a late 2017 decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), set off something of a tizzy along North Atlantic shores concerning the future of vertical restraints and distribution relationships in online commerce sectors. Generally, Coty seemed to reflect the sense that online distribution posed threats to them that were new or special. Firms and their lawyers saw need to protect their brands from the rapacity of big, no-frills, price-cutting online retailers, including above all Amazon. Sure enough, the same anxieties find expression in other broad policy initiatives relating to online commerce, including the “Better Deal” program of Democrats in the U.S. Congress and the European Union’s ambitious new “Digital Single Market” program. But all this anxiety might look rather different if—contrary to our usual habit—consider it in historical context. In fact recent developments may not really be so new, at least not any ways relevant to competition policy. In fact, technological innovation in distribution, and the tension that has always characterized relations of suppliers and distributors, is an old story, and has been associated with some of the bitterest politics in antitrust history. And in times past, when similar anxieties of aggressive or innovative distributors have been met with private trade restraints or lobbying for protectionist government intervention, it has often enough turned out that the motives were not so pure and the changes that were feared were not ultimately so bad.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124826303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disclosure of Inside Information","authors":"J. Payne","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3244401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3244401","url":null,"abstract":"The disclosure of inside information is a core component of EU capital market regulation. It underpins the market abuse regime, providing information to investors, and robbing it of its “inside” quality. Different regimes tackle the issue of inside information disclosure in distinct ways. The EU regime of continuous disclosure stands in sharp contrast to the approach adopted in the US and this paper considers the pros and cons of the EU’s approach. This paper argues that the EU provisions are preferable, and are more likely to promote market efficiency, but the EU regime also creates potential dangers and disadvantages for companies who are the subject of the disclosure obligations. Sufficient flexibility is therefore needed to capture the benefits of continuous disclosure without imposing undue burdens on issuers in the process.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117198266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Process of Forming a Criminal Policy of the European Union","authors":"Venelin Terziev, Marin Petkov, Krastev Dragomir","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3838621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3838621","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of a punitive policy is a historic process that arises in the first state-run societies of Sumer and Assyro-Babylonia and develops simultaneously with the improvement of political and state organization. Outstanding merit for the formation of modern criminal policy, criminal law and criminology is Cesare Becaria. In 1763, he published his work: „ Crime and Punishment “ , triggering criminology and criminal policy.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129223913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differentiated Integration in Europe after Brexit: An Institutional and Legal Analysis","authors":"Giacinto della Cananea","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3237402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3237402","url":null,"abstract":"The outcome of the referendum that has been held in the United Kingdom about leaving the European Union (Brexit) has fuelled the debate, in political and academic circles, about the future of the EU in the perspective of differentiated integration. The paper seeks to contribute to the debate, by arguing that it should be made clear that the differing solutions that are proposed for the challenges with which the Union is confronted are based not only on different legal foundations, but also on distinct ideas and beliefs about European construction. The paper explains how the institutional and legal mechanisms of differentiated integration can be assessed on the basis of the twin criteria of clarity and coherence, in the sense that some of them can be said to be coherent with one vision of Europe, not with the other one. It focuses, first, on institutional mechanisms of differentiated integration within the EU and, second, on legal mechanisms that imply an interaction between EU members and third countries, including the EEA. It is suggested that those mechanisms can be relevant also in the light of a Member State’s decision to leave the EU, as it happened with Brexit.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124491586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The EU in Global Energy Governance","authors":"M. Ishii","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3849172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3849172","url":null,"abstract":"The EU is obviously playing a unique role in global governance systems. This paper will argue that the EU engages in fragmented global energy governance architecture based on two phenomena, Standardization and Externalization, from the beginning. Then, first section of this paper considers the state of play of global energy governance. Following sections, this study considers the EU’s global engagement in the field of energy from Power debates, theoretical, and historical perspectives. Then, this paper analyzes the energy relationship with Russia. Finally, as a conclusion this paper will try to sum up the findings from this research.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121536879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bringing the European Eel Back from the Brink: The Need for a New Agreement under the Convention on Migratory Species","authors":"C. Wold","doi":"10.58948/0738-6206.1814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58948/0738-6206.1814","url":null,"abstract":"The European eel is considered “Critically Endangered.” Its population has been declining due to overutilization, barriers to migration such as dams, pollution, and climate change. The international community has responded by including the European eel in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (“CITES”) to regulate international trade and Appendix II of the Convention on Migratory Species (“CMS”) to help improve the species conservation status. The EU has taken regional action to prohibit imports into and exports from EU Member States, although intra-EU trade is permissible. Despite these actions, the eel’s conservation status might not be improving. The eel’s Appendix II status on CITES regulates only international trade. The CMS Appendix II listing does not impose any specific conservation obligations on the Parties. No other international treaty has the competence to manage the full suite of threats across the eel’s range. \u0000 \u0000Thus, European eel conservation would benefit from a new international legal instrument negotiated under the auspices of CMS. Unlike other agreements, a legal instrument negotiated under CMS can cover the full range of the European eel’s freshwater and marine habitat and address the full range of threats to the species. CMS Agreements can be legally binding or not. Regardless of the instrument’s legal status, it should prohibit or regulate taking; prohibit or regulate trade, potentially through a CDS; establish an advisory body to assess new scientific information and review management strategies; and include reporting obligations to help monitor the success or failure of management strategies.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131649590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defining Elements and Emerging Legal Issues of EU 'Sanctions'","authors":"L. Borlini, Stefano Siligardi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3287431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3287431","url":null,"abstract":"With some 40 different types of restrictive measures in force, the European Union is undisputedly one of the major protagonists of today’s sanction regimes. Measures such as selective trade embargos, asset freezes and travel bans have been adopted by the EU not only to implement Security Council mandated sanctions, but also in addition to (as with Iran and North Korea) or in the absence of UN action (as with Syria and Russia). Further, EU recent practice evidences that sanctions (Myanmar and Zimbabwe) have served the EU and its member states’ own interests also with the view to promoting (the European construction of) values generally shared in international society. After outlining the legal discipline and the policy framework of EU restrictive measures, the present article analyses the legal issues emerging with respect to EU sanctions over the last four years. Among these, the 2017 ruling of the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the EU in Rosneft, Brexit and its consequences on the implementation/adoption of sanctions by the United Kingdom, and recent developments concerning the legal position of candidate countries which refused to align with the EU sanction adopted in reaction to the Ukraine crisis, are the most important.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131132463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Competition Law on Patent Remedies","authors":"Alison Jones, Renato Nazzini","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3248905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3248905","url":null,"abstract":"Although competition law and IP law probably pursue complementary goals, competition laws can: \u0000 \u0000(i) affect remedies available for patent infringement; and/or otherwise, \u0000 \u0000(ii) limit the conduct of patentees, particularly when transferring or licensing their patents. \u0000 \u0000This chapter discusses the cases in which tensions between the protection of patents in complex products and the competition laws have arisen or may arise, particularly as regards the ability of owners of standard essential patents (SEPs) to monetise their patents either by seeking an injunction against implementers or by refusing to grant licences complying with previously given commitments—generally, commitments to license on fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) terms. This chapter also examines potential competition law constraints on the pricing of patent licences, other licensing terms, multi-level licensing and level discrimination, patent pools, sale of patent portfolios and patent acquisitions.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114669937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"All Quiet in the Western (European Football) Front Regulation of Football in the European Continent","authors":"P. Mavroidis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3188145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3188145","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation of football in Europe is, absent some piecemeal interventions (like sharing of TV rights) largely non-existent. This is the case, because the de facto regulator (UEFA, Union Europeenne of Football Associations) has no mandate to comprehensively address on its own competitive balance, the focal point of football, and, in more general terms, sports regulation. Various aspects of competitive balance are part and parcel of antitrust law. European Union (EU) law thus, comes into the frame, since this is the body of law regulating antitrust in the European continent. The European Union, nevertheless, has no mandate to regulate football comprehensively, even though it has the power to issue (non-sports specific) law (including competition law), which affects football, and UEFA must observe it. As a result, UEFA wants to but cannot regulate the hard core of sports regulation, whereas the European Union as is, cannot do much, and it is at best doubtful that it wants to anyway. Under the circumstances, because of the legislative conundrum, the “regulatory stalemate” we observe is probably the equilibrium point.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124997705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Sustainability Reporting Under EU Directive 2014/95","authors":"J. Lipskyte, H. Koster","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3237133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3237133","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we will answer the question as to whether the mechanism provided for by the Directive 2014/95 on disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups is capable of ensuring the effective disclosure of sustainability information for the benefit of the stakeholders involved.","PeriodicalId":401648,"journal":{"name":"European Public Law: EU eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122810054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}