{"title":"Stress Analysis and Strength of Bonded Shrink Fitted Joint of Hollow Shafts Subjected to Torsional Load (The Effect of Bonded Shrink Fitted Position)","authors":"M. Yoneno, T. Sawa, Takeshi Nakamura","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recently, joints combining shrink fit with anaerobic adhesives have been introduced in order to increase the joint strength. This paper deals with stress analysis and strength estimation of bonded shrink fitted joints in which a ring is fitted at the end of the shaft subjected to torsional loads. The stress distributions at the interfaces of the joint are analyzed using the axisymmetric theory of elasticity. The effect of the outer diameter, height and stiffness of ring on the interface stress distributions are examined in the numerical calculations. It is seen that rupture of adhesive layer initiates from the edge of the interface close to the end of the shaft to which torsional load is applied. The numerical results show more conservative values than the experimental results. In addition, stress distributions in the present study are compared with those in which a ring is fitted at the middle of the shaft. It is found that the effect of shrink fitted position is negligible.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127175756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Interface Configuration on the Mechanical Behaviors of Bolted Joints","authors":"Atsushi Kudo, T. Sawa","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In designing a bolted joint, it is important to examine the sealing performance and to estimate the load factor, that is the ratio of an additional axial bolt force to a load. In order to improve the sealing performance raised faces of the interface have been used. But these interfaces in bolted joints have been designed empirically and the theoretical grounds are not made clear. In the present paper, in the case of T-shaped flanges with raised faces the sealing performance (clamping effect) is analyzed by a two-dimensional theory of elasticity and the point matching method. Then, the load factor is analyzed. Moreover, with the application of the load a bending moment is created in bolts and the stress is added due to this bending moment. The bending moment in the bolt is also analyzed. In order to verify these analysis experiments were carried out to measure the load factor and the maximum bolt stress. The analytical results are in a fairly good agreement with the experimental ones.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131555407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress Analysis of Bolted Joints With Plain Washers","authors":"T. Sawa, H. Yasui","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1123","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bolted joints have been widely used in many kind of industries, being used commonly. Recently, the bolt strength has been improved and high strength bolts are usually used. As the bolt strength increases, bolt preload increases. In reliable design standpoint of bolted joints, the contact stress at the bearing surfaces between a bolt head and a clamped part must be examined in order to prevent the permanent set due to over stress at the bearing surfaces. Thus, flat washers have been used in bolted joints in order to enlarge the bearing area. In this paper, the contact stress at the bearing surfaces between a plain washer and a clamped part is analyzed using the axisymmetric theory of elasticity as a contact problem, where clamped parts are finite hollow cylinders. In the analysis, a bolt head and bolt shaft are replaced by finite solid cylinders and a plain washer and the clamped parts by finite hollow cylinders. In the numerical calculations, the effects of the stiffness, the thickness and the outer diameter of plain washers on the contact stress distribution are examined. Furthermore, it is important to know the mechanical behaviors of bolted joints with plain washers subjected to external loads. When, an external load W is applied to a bolted joint with a plain washer, an increment of axial bolt force Ft occurs in the bolt and the contact stress between the clamped parts is decreased. The ratio Ft/W is known as the load factor and it is necessary to know the load factor in designing bolted joints with plain washers. The analysis of the load factor is also done. In addition, the effects of plain washers on the load factor are examined in the numerical calculations. The experiments to measure the load factor of bolted joints with plain washers are carried out. The results of the analysis are compared with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133915394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free Vibration of Symmetric Cross-Ply Laminated Cylindrical Helical Springs","authors":"V. Yıldırım, Erol Sancaktar, E. Kiral","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The first three free vibration frequencies of symmetric cross-ply laminated cylindrical helical springs with square section and fixed-fixed ends are theoretically computed based on the transfer matrix method. The rotary inertia, shear and axial deformation effects are taken into account in the solution. A parametric study is performed. to analyze the effects of the ratio of the extensional modulus to the shearing modulus, helix pitch angle and the number of active turns on the natural frequencies of such springs. The results are given in graphical forms.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"427 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130359730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free Vibration Behavior of Unidirectional Composite Cylindrical Helical Springs With Circular Section","authors":"Erol Sancaktar","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The free vibration problem of unidirectional composite cylindrical helical springs is modeled theoretically as a continuous system considering the rotary inertia, shear and axial deformation effects. The first order shear deformation theory is employed in the mathematical model. The twelve scalar ordinary differential equations governing the free vibration behavior of cylindrical helical springs made of an anisotropic material are solved simultaneously by the transfer matrix method. The overall transfer matrix of the helix is computed up to any desired accuracy by using the effective numerical algorithm available in the literature. The theoretical results are verified with the reported values, which were obtained theoretically and experimentally for straight beams. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of the number of active coils, the helix pitch angle and material types on the fundamental natural frequencies of helical springs with circular section and fixed-fixed ends.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123905055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proper Selection of Auxiliary Heat Source for Reducing Thermal Residual Stresses During Welding Process","authors":"Raghu Ram Kunde, P. V. Kuppa, S. Jahanian","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper a method is proposed to reduce the residual stress distribution at the area close to the HAZ. Initially the temperature distribution in an AISI 304 stainless steel, which undergoes gas metal arc welding process, is evaluated using FEM. For this purpose general purpose FEM code ABAQUS is used. The results were compared with the experimental data and a reasonable agreement is observed. Across the thickness of the weldment high temperature gradient which is a function of space and time is observed. An auxiliary moving heat source is placed on the top surface of the weldment, close to welding heat source. It was observed that if the place of auxiliary heat source and time of application are not carefully selected it may create a thermal shock and may have adverse affect on the temperature distribution. This may result in high residual stress distribution. However when the heat input for the auxiliary heat source, its location, time of application, speed and magnitude of the auxiliary heat input are carefully selected, then the temperature gradient, both spatially and temporally at area close to HAZ will reduce considerably. Even though the affect at area very close to fusion zone is trivial, our results indicate residual stresses in general may reduce due to more uniform temperature distribution.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129848464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Prediction of Elastomeric Gasket Materials by Compression Stress Relaxation","authors":"Abraham Pannikottu, R. Samples, Stanley J. Sadon","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the automotive industry, the most widely used technique to predict the sealing capacity of an elastomeric gasket material is based on compression set data which is obtained after short term aging in air or reference fluids. Compression set measures the percentage of permanent deformation after the removal of the applied strain. This is an indirect measure of the sealing capacity and it can easily be misleading as a predictor of the sealing performance of gasket materials. Recent increases in service temperature requirements along with use of “SG” grade motor oils have created the need for a better means of assessing the high temperature, long term performance of elastomeric materials used in automobile engine gaskets. This paper reports Compression Stress Relaxation measurements on a variety of gasket materials using the Wykeham-Farrance Compression Stress Relaxation tester. This study also examines the effect of cycling heating and cooling on the retention of sealing force of gasket materials and includes the cumulative effect of exposure of the gasket material to motor oils and ASTM #2 oil at 125°C up to 1008 hours.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132069080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress Analysis of Bolted Circular Flanged Joints With Tap Bolts","authors":"Takashi Kobayashi, T. Morohoshi, T. Sawa","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this paper is to examine a contact stress distribution at the interface of a cylindrical clamped part fastened with a tap bolt to a body which is sufficiently larger than the clamped part. The contact stress distribution is analyzed as a contact problem of two bodies by using the axisymmetric theory of elasticity. The effect of positions of screw thread on the contact stress distribution is clarified in the numerical calculations. The load factor and the ratio of additional axial bolt force to a load are also analyzed. It is found that the contact stress becomes greater near the bolt hole when the position of screw thread is the upper. Experiments to measure the contact stress and the load factor are carried out. The analytical results show a fairly good agreement with the experimental ones. In addition, the contact stress distribution, the load factor and the maximum bolt stress of bolted circular flanged joints with multiple tap bolts are analyzed by using axisymmmetric theory of elasticity. The experiments to measure the load factor and the maximum bolt stress are carried out. A fairly good agreement is seen between the analytical and the experimental results. It is found that the value of the load factor is small and it is less than 0.1.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116878723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress Analysis and Strength Evaluation of Single-Lap Band Adhesive Joints Subjected to External Bending Moments","authors":"J. Liu, T. Sawa","doi":"10.1163/156856199X00965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156856199X00965","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The stresses in single-lap band adhesive joints of similar adherends subjected to external bending moments are analyzed as a three-body contact problem by using a two-dimensional theory of elasticity (plain strain state). In the analysis, the upper and lower adherends and the adhesive bonds which are bonded at two regions are replaced by finite strips, respectively. In the numerical calculations, the effects of the ratio of Young’s moduli of the adherends to that of the adhesives, the ratio of the adherend thickness to that of the adhesive bonds and the ratio of the bonding length to the total lap length on the stress distributions at the interfaces are examined. A method for estimating the joint strength is proposed using the interface stress and strain obtained by the analysis. Experiments to measure strains and rupture strength are carried out. A fairly good agreement is found between the estimated and the experimental results. For verification of the analysis, a finite element analysis (FEA) is also conducted. The results show that the strength of a single-lap band adhesive joint is almost the same as that of a single-lap adhesive joint in which the two adherends are completely bonded at the interfaces. Thus, the single-lap band adhesive joints are shown to be useful in the design of single-lap joints.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116485770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elastoplastic FEM Stress Analysis and Strength Evaluation of Adhesive Tapered Lap Joints of Hollow Shafts Subjected to Tensile Loads","authors":"M. Kawawaki, Y. Nakano, T. Sawa","doi":"10.1115/imece1998-1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tensile strength of adhesively bonded tapered lap joints of hollow shafts is investigated in this study. In tapered lap joint, the bonded area is increased even in hollow shafts which are relatively thin. Furthermore, assembling and adjusting the axes of the shafts are easier because of the self-aligning effect. In the experiments, the elastoplastic stress-strain behavior of the adhesive was measured by the uni-axial tensile test of the bulk specimen. The tensile strength of the joints with various taper angles was tested subsequently. In the analysis, the stress distributions at the interface between the shafts and the adhesive are calculated using the finite element method by taking the elastoplastic behaviors of the adhesive and the shafts into consideration. A tensile strength prediction method is proposed based on the numerically obtained stress distributions and its features are discussed by comparing the measured strengths with the predicted ones.","PeriodicalId":401404,"journal":{"name":"Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Aspects of Adhesive and Bolted Joints, Rubber Components, Composite Springs","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126922298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}