{"title":"Ideological Motives and Group Decision-Making","authors":"F. Engl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3738759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3738759","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies experimentally when and how ideological motives shape outcomes in group decision-making scenarios. Groups play a repeated coordination game in which they can agree on a payoff-dominant or a payoff-dominated but ideologically preferred outcome, or disagree and forego all payoffs. We find that groups which disagree initially are more likely to end up agreeing on the ideologically preferred outcome. We classify subjects into ideologically motivated and payoff motivated types and show that this effect stems from the two types’ differential reaction to disagreements. After disagreements, ideologically motivated types are more committed and steer the group towards their preferred outcome. Heterogeneous groups disagree more often and, thus, foster agreements on the ideologically motivated outcome. Our treatments show that, because of this mechanism, large groups are more likely to implement the ideologically preferred outcome than small groups. Furthermore, we show that individual ideological commitment is stronger when it targets the prevention of an outcome in conflict with the ideology than when it targets the implementation of an outcome aligned with the ideology. Theoretically, we study whether fixed or malleable ideological preferences can explain our results.","PeriodicalId":401252,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Cooperative & Non-Cooperative Games (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129388148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Framework of Consensus Equilibria for Mining-Pool Games and Related Stability of Gap Games Behaviors in Blockchain Ecosystems","authors":"George Xianzhi Yuan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3551829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551829","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to establish the general framework of consensus equilibria for Mining-Pool Games in Blockchain Ecosystems, and in particular to explain the stable in the sense for the existence of consensus equilibria related to mining gap game’s behaviors by using one new concept called “consensus games (CG)” in Blockchain Ecosystems, here, the Blockchain ecosystem mainly means the economic activities by taking into the account of three types of different factors which are expenses, reward mechanism and mining power for the work on blockschain by applying the key consensus called “Proof of Work” due to Nakamoto in 2008.<br><br>In order to do so, we first give an outline how the general existence of consensus equilibria for Mining-Pool Games is formulated, and then used to explain the stable for Gap Games for Bitcoin in the sense by the existence of consensus equilibria under the framework of Blockchain consensus, we then establish a general existence result for consensus equilibria of general mining gap games by using the profit functions for miners as the payoffs in game theory. As applications, the general existence results for consensus equilibria of Gap games are established, which not only help us to claim the existence for the general stability for Gap games under the general framework of Blockchain ecosystems, but also allow us to illustrate a number of different phenomenons on the study of mining- pool games with possible impacts due to miners’ gap behaviors with scenarios embedded in Bitcoin economics. Our study on the explanation for the stability of mining gap game for Blockchain ecosystems shows that the concept of consensus equilibria may play a important role for the development of fundamental theory for consensus economics.","PeriodicalId":401252,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Cooperative & Non-Cooperative Games (Sub-Topic)","volume":"11 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133621493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ultimatum Heuristic in Mixed-Motive Noncooperative Games","authors":"Dreux Sutcliffe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3403673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3403673","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-motive noncooperative games feature ambivalence in the competitive relation of the players and outcomes disobliging Nash equilibrium prescription. The Nash approach, ostensibly rational and self-maximizing, regularly advises strategy many players regard as counterintuitive or faulty. And players often end up better off overall doing something else, yet no theory has explained what transpires or why. This paper presents evidence of an Ultimatum heuristic guiding mixed-motive decision-making. A solution concept backsolved from these findings shows promise for forecasting and deciphering behavior, supplanting backwards induction, and alleviating need to sort multiple Nash equilibria. This Ultimatum tendency is discernable in graphical plots of a game and hinges on focal point geometry. When payoff structure is varied systematically or nearly so, a signature pattern of results unfolds across the outcome space of possibilities. This discovery opens the way to a straightforward solution of the classic mixed-motive game, prisoner’s dilemma.","PeriodicalId":401252,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Cooperative & Non-Cooperative Games (Sub-Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125900555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"N-Non-Cooperative Games Under a Dynamic Multidimensional Graphical Prism","authors":"Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada, Evangelos Koutronas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3391701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3391701","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the concept of multidimensional Nash equilibrium as a prospective solution in a non-cooperative multi-player normal form game. The paper suggests a paradigm shift: a new multidimensional geometric approach to capture all symmetrical and asymmetrical strategic graphical movements in real space and time. The Multidimensional Non-Cooperative Games Graphical Framework (MNCGG-Framework) extends the traditional two-dimensional normal form game into a multidimensional graphical framework that synchronizes the optimal agent interactions with corresponding payoffs in real-time. The paper applies the proposed graphical framework on John Forbes Nash’s six examples on non-cooperative games taken from his doctoral dissertation.","PeriodicalId":401252,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Cooperative & Non-Cooperative Games (Sub-Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124896051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}