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Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment最新文献

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Neuronal and Glial Biomarkers Research for Traumatic Brain Injury 外伤性脑损伤的神经元和胶质生物标志物研究
Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85555
Alexander Rodríguez, Eliana Cervera, P. Villalba
{"title":"Neuronal and Glial Biomarkers Research for Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"Alexander Rodríguez, Eliana Cervera, P. Villalba","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.85555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85555","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of early neurological inaccurate assessment of severity in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been highlighted; in some cases, for example, the severity of the injury is overestimated or underestimated. These findings have led to the search of biomarkers associated with early brain injury. Research in this field has exponentially increased over the past 20 years, with most publications on the subject in the last 10 years, whose results range from promising findings to other sometimes inconclusive one. An ideal biomarker should be able to demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for brain injury, among other aspects. Literature has shown that there is not a single biomarker that predicts the patient’s clinical decline with high sensitivity and specificity. Instead, it is required to use a panel of markers that reflect different aspects of head trauma. This chapter gives a review of the most promising biomarkers studied as predictors of severity of TBI, with a special focus on their nature, location, basal concentrations, and methods by which they can be quantified in blood samples.","PeriodicalId":401062,"journal":{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131160321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Use of Neuroprotective agents for Traumatic Brain Injury 神经保护剂在创伤性脑损伤中的应用
Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85720
M. Meshkini, A. Meshkini, H. Sadeghi-Bazargani
{"title":"Use of Neuroprotective agents for Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"M. Meshkini, A. Meshkini, H. Sadeghi-Bazargani","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85720","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity especially in young ages, while over 30 years of neuroprotective agents use for TBI management provided neither any recommended agent for favorable outcome nor less adverse effects in TBI management yet. This review got selected keywords ’ search and ran in known international and local databases, with no limitation up to September 6, 2015. Related to the subject, clinical human studies have been selected for the review. Data from 32 studies were classified into 10 subgroups. About 18 studies with a population of 4637 participants were included in 6 topic reviews and meta-analyses. Oxygen use in acute management of TBI to reduce mortality rates could be recommended. Corticosteroid use in solo acute TBI management is prohibited due to increasing risk of mortalities. However, in dual-diagnosed patients (TBI and spinal cord injury (SCI) together), corticosteroid use should be obtained by a Bracken protocol. The use of citicoline in acute TBI is no more supported. The use of cyclosporine-A for ICP control depends on the resources and physician ’ s decision. Rivastigmine use for chronic neurocognitive conditions of TBI management had some beneficence in severely impaired participants. However, the use of other agents in TBI has no field of support yet.","PeriodicalId":401062,"journal":{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128660902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Post Concussion Syndrome 脑震荡后综合症
Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Pub Date : 2019-04-23 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85432
M. Haider, Itai Bezherano
{"title":"Post Concussion Syndrome","authors":"M. Haider, Itai Bezherano","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85432","url":null,"abstract":"Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is a complex disorder and the complete pathophysiology is still not completely understood. PCS can be subcategorized into physiological PCS, vestibulo-ocular PCS, cervicogenic PCS, and mood-related PCS based on predominant clinical signs and symptoms. Physiological PCS is the most classic type of PCS and is due to global metabolic dysfunction in the brain which affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation. This is suspected to be the cause for symptom-limited exercise intolerance which is a characteristic finding in this subtype. In this chapter we discuss the definition of PCS and the main subtypes. We further discuss possible causes for symptoms of PCS based on research that have studied this disorder using advanced imaging, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular metrics, and intracranial pressure. Finally, we discuss the treatment of PCS and the possible long-term effects.","PeriodicalId":401062,"journal":{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121402691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sedation in TBI Patients 脑外伤患者的镇静作用
Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Pub Date : 2019-04-10 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85266
Lorenzo Peluso, B. López, R. Badenes
{"title":"Sedation in TBI Patients","authors":"Lorenzo Peluso, B. López, R. Badenes","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85266","url":null,"abstract":"Sedation is an important topic in neurocritical patients. When compared with general intensive care unit and traumatic brain-injured patients, sedation has its therapeutic indications, such as management of intracranial pressure, treatment of status epilepticus, sedation for targeted temperature management patients and paroxysmal sympathetic activity. Nowadays, the assessment of sedation is done by neurological evaluation and new monitors based on electroencephalography signals that help the physician titrate the sedative agents. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to discuss the main pharmacological properties of sedatives and analgesics, their proper indications related to pathophysiological issues and their titrations based on the abovementioned new technologies.","PeriodicalId":401062,"journal":{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115931067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Neuroprotection, Photoperiod, and Sleep 神经保护，光周期和睡眠
Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Pub Date : 2019-03-06 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85013
M. Martínez-Vargas, M. Porras-Villalobos, F. Estrada-Rojo, Ricardo Jesus Martínez-Tapia, Adán Pérez-Arredondo, Antonio Barajas-Martínez, L. Navarro
{"title":"Neuroprotection, Photoperiod, and Sleep","authors":"M. Martínez-Vargas, M. Porras-Villalobos, F. Estrada-Rojo, Ricardo Jesus Martínez-Tapia, Adán Pérez-Arredondo, Antonio Barajas-Martínez, L. Navarro","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85013","url":null,"abstract":"After an acquired brain injury, responses that induce cell death are activated; however, neuroprotective mechanisms are also activated. The relation between these responses determines the destination of the damaged tissue. This relation presents variations throughout the day; numerous studies have shown that the onset of a stroke occurs preferably in the morning. In the rat, ischemia causes more damage when it is induced during the night. The damage caused by a traumatic brain injury (TBI), in the rat, varies depending on the time of day it is induced. Minor behavioral damage has been reported when the TBI occurs during the night, a period that coincides with the wakefulness of the rat. It also has been observed that sleep deprivation accelerates the recovery. Our group has documented that this is due, in part, to a difference in the degree of activation of cannabinergic, GABAergyc, and glutamatergic systems.","PeriodicalId":401062,"journal":{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133634011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Direct Brain Cooling in Treating Severe Traumatic Head Injury 直接脑冷却治疗重型颅脑外伤
Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84685
Z. Idris, Ang Song Yee, R. Kandasamy, A. A. Manaf, Mohd Hasyizan Hassan, W. M. Hassan
{"title":"Direct Brain Cooling in Treating Severe Traumatic Head Injury","authors":"Z. Idris, Ang Song Yee, R. Kandasamy, A. A. Manaf, Mohd Hasyizan Hassan, W. M. Hassan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84685","url":null,"abstract":"There are scientific evidences that hypothermia provides a strong neuroprotective effect on the brain following traumatic insults. In this chapter, we describe the pathophysiology of severe head injury with emphasis on benefits of hypothermia. To support these hypothetical or theoretical benefits, we describe our previous study with very encouraging findings done on severe head injuries, treated with direct focal brain cooling, and monitored with intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, brain oxygenation, and brain temperature. This chapter ends with our current and still ongoing study in which one of its main objectives is to innovate a direct focal brain cooling machine. This chapter briefly explains the technical part of this cooling machine.","PeriodicalId":401062,"journal":{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121462680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Cumulative Mild Head Injury (CMHI) in Contact Sports 接触性运动中的累积性轻度头部损伤(CMHI)
Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80668
K. Nel, S. Govender
{"title":"Cumulative Mild Head Injury (CMHI) in Contact Sports","authors":"K. Nel, S. Govender","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80668","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of cumulative mild head injury (CMHI) in contact sports such as rugby union and football (soccer) is seen at all levels as more concussive injuries are reported each year globally and in South Africa. This is problematic as repeated concussions may lead to cognitive deficits in attention and poorer overall cognitive profiles both in the short and long term. The aim of this chapter is to present a brief review of research on CMHI in football and rugby and other sports (briefly) both international and South African underpinned by an overview of the anatomy and neuroanatomy of the brain to illustrate the mechanisms involved in head injuries. Risk factors for all types of MHI are also given.","PeriodicalId":401062,"journal":{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury - Neurobiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123552812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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