S. Walsh, A. Frost, W. Anderson, Toby Digney, B. Dix-Matthews, D. Gozzard, Charles T. Gravestock, L. Howard, S. Karpathakis, A. McCann, S. Schediwy
{"title":"The Western Australian optical ground station","authors":"S. Walsh, A. Frost, W. Anderson, Toby Digney, B. Dix-Matthews, D. Gozzard, Charles T. Gravestock, L. Howard, S. Karpathakis, A. McCann, S. Schediwy","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0552","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space communications at optical wavelengths offers the potential for orders-of-magnitude improvement in data rates over conventional radio wavelengths, and this will be needed to meet the demand of future space-to-ground applications. Supporting this new paradigm necessitates a global network of optical ground stations. This paper describes the architecture and commissioning of the Western Australian Optical Ground Station, to be installed on the roof of the physics building at the University of Western Australia. This ground station will incorporate amplitude- and phase-stabilisation technology, previously demonstrated over horizontal free-space links, into the ground station's optical telescope. Trialling this advanced amplitude- and phase-stabilisation technology, the ground station will overcome turbulence-induced noise to establish stable, coherent free-space links between ground-to-air and ground-to-space. These links will enable significant advances in high-speed and quantum-secured communications; positioning, navigation, and timing; and fundamental physics.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126712035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of modern web protocols over satellite links","authors":"Jörg Deutschmann, K. Hielscher, Reinhard German","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0564","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet changes towards more encrypted traffic and encrypted protocols. This is due to an increase in home office use with Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and new protocols especially QUIC. Both VPNs and QUIC are problematic for Internet access via geostationary satellites, because Performance Enhancing Proxies, which mitigate the negative effects of high latency links, cannot be applied anymore. Considering recent developments, we run performance measurements with an artificial website, different protocols (HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3 and QUIC), with and without VPNs, and real satellite links (four European geostationary satellite systems and the new Starlink low-earth orbit megaconstellation). The measurement results for geostationary satellite Internet access show (a) lowest loading times with HTTP/2 and PEPs, (b) HTTP/3 and QUIC cannot be optimized by PEPs but still outperforms HTTP/1.1 with PEPs, (c) in case of VPNs, i.e., when PEPs are not applicable, HTTP/3 and QUIC performs bests. Starlink has lower loading times than geostationary Internet access regardless of VPNs. We also review current IETF activities and introduce the new QUICSAT project, which aims at improving protocols for satellite networks.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic identification of home IOT devices for traffic management in satellite networks","authors":"S. Roy, A. Ravichandran","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0550","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread emergence of Internet-connected devices raises concerns about Internet of Things (IoT) traffic management in a consumer satellite network. For efficient IoT traffic management of such networks, detecting a device's semantic type is extremely important. This paper covers the challenges and solutions in identifying devices based on signatures of traffic flowing between locally connected devices and over-the-air sessions from devices behind Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs). Machine Learning (ML) techniques are used to predict device characteristics, and then IoT traffic can be carried via satellite channels according to the rule defined for each device type. For the first time, device-based IoT traffic classification is applied to a satellite network that greatly differs from terrestrial networks due to its resource-constrained return link. A supervised machine learning, Random Forest Classification algorithm is applied to multiple continuous datasets, and then resulting estimators are combined to produce a model using which the type and behaviour of an IoT device are predicted. Test results show an encouraging accuracy. The paper proposes a forward-looking federated learning model training that would produce better accuracy where a server in a central location trains a global learning model using machine learning parameters received from multiple edge VSATs.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"2021 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130586006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Unal, A. Karasuwa, N. Avlonitis, Pansoo Kim, I. Otung
{"title":"Markov modelling of land mobile satellite channel for DVB S2X superframing performance evaluation","authors":"B. Unal, A. Karasuwa, N. Avlonitis, Pansoo Kim, I. Otung","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0567","url":null,"abstract":"The second generation of the digital video broadcasting standard for satellites (DVB-S2) has proven to be the cutting-edge technology for the transmission of broadband digital contents to customers globally. Its extension, the DVB-S2X has offered further adaptability and flexibility. The new capabilities introduced in the DVB-S2X standard include the optional superframing formats which is proven to aid reliable transmission in mobile scenarios. In this paper Markovian mobile channel was modelled using real geospatial terrain data obtained from Digimap and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) integrated into system tool kit (STK) simulator and processed in the determination of mobile satellite channel model. The DVB-S2X superframing structure is then implemented in Markov-based multi-state mobile channel, and the results show that superframing can enable satisfactory transmission under very-low signal to noise ratio (VL-SNR) scenarios such as mobile scenarios.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116833189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Maestro, Andrew Rafael Bañas, Micherene Clauzette Peralta Lofamia, Ralph Aaron, Aguinaldo, Rogie Bernabe, D. J. Occeña, Lorenz R. Toleos, Jholeeh Charls, Madalipay, M. Soriano
{"title":"Development of an airborne hyperspectral scanning camera system for agricultural missions","authors":"M. A. Maestro, Andrew Rafael Bañas, Micherene Clauzette Peralta Lofamia, Ralph Aaron, Aguinaldo, Rogie Bernabe, D. J. Occeña, Lorenz R. Toleos, Jholeeh Charls, Madalipay, M. Soriano","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0582","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the development of an airborne pushbroom imaging system that yields hyperspectral images for agricultural monitoring missions. It reports the optical payload design and assembly during prototyping and operation. The operational design and requirements to successfully deploy the payload and conduct its missions are given. The other subsystem components such as the onboard computer, gimbals, chassis, and battery packs, which are all necessary for the airborne deployment and telemetry data acquisition required in processing the raw captures into level 1 images are further examined. It shows the post-processing technique tested on captures from a prototype and sample drone data. By flying a hyperspectral imager on a drone (DJI Matrice 600 Pro), we get the advantage of zero cloud cover over the agricultural area of interest, and imaging on-demand, for example, during infestation or right after calamities.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132990441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communication waveform performance prediction in partial-band partial-time jamming RF environments","authors":"X. Tian, Y. Li, G. Chen, K. Pham","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0563","url":null,"abstract":"In complex radio frequency (RF) environments with partial-band and partial-time (PBPT) jamming, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of a communication link may have multi-modal distributions over a range of SNR levels. The control of transmission powers in a communication system is able to shift the link SNR distribution up or down without altering the distribution's shape. However, it is important to determine how much a link SNR distribution should be shifted such that a communication waveform is able to operate. In this paper, a neural network (NN) based method is proposed to evaluate the required SNR shift for a waveform to operate on a link with complex multi-modal SNR distribution. The NN inputs are derived from a normalized SNR distribution, which is a shifted version of the “actual” (measured) link SNR distribution. The NN output is the required minimum SNR shift of the normalized SNR distribution, i.e., a normalized SNR shift, for the waveform to yield Bit-Error-Rates (BERs) less than a specified maximum acceptable rate. The NN may be trained with training data samples obtained from simulations or emulations. After training, the NN is shown to be able to accurately evaluate the required normalized SNR shift for a range of normalized link SNR distributions corresponding to various complex communication link SNR conditions. Based on the NN's evaluations, accurate transmission power control and/or waveform selection can be achieved in communication systems operating in complex PBPT jamming RF environments, which lead to superior communication performance and robustness.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123864989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study of external interference mitigation for LEO based sensing (AIS)","authors":"D. Hirahara","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0576","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite Automatic Identification System (SAT-AIS) are corrupted by spike noise interference from the ground radar site on any area, and trajectory conditions and median filtering algorithms are becoming essential for detail analysis. To facilitate the introduction of such techniques into the satellite mega-constellations, we evaluate effective conditions of the spike noise filtering for trajectory area and sea area and give an introduction to the experimental result from SPace based AIS Experiment (SPAISE2) mounted on the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2).","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122801630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance evaluation of different 5G NB-IoT satellite systems","authors":"R. Barbau, V. Deslandes, G. Jakllar, A. Beylot","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0561","url":null,"abstract":"The Narrowband Internet Of Things, better known by the acronym NB- IoT, is spearheading 3GPP's effort to address the massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) segment of 5G. With 103 deployments in more than 40 countries, NBIoT's performance in terms of cell capacity, battery life and coverage are well established in the terrestrial world. Recognizing the capability of satellite systems to offer wide coverage and enable cross-countries deployment, 3GPP is considering 5G technologies to support Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN). However, the performance of NB-IoT has to be re-evaluated in a satellite context, especially because there are so many different systems. In this paper, we consider the necessary adaptations to the NB-IoT mechanisms to support the satellite context and we assess its performance for different satellite systems, focusing on the capacity and the energy consumption. Finally, we compare the systems in terms of power and cost efficiency, taking into account a wide range of system metrics such as service lifetime and usage ratio.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124273531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. J. Occeña, R. Bernabe, M. J. Alampay, A. Hernandez, J. C. Madalipay, P. L. Hilario, M. Soriano
{"title":"A localized spaceborne camera for nano- and micro-satellite platforms","authors":"D. J. Occeña, R. Bernabe, M. J. Alampay, A. Hernandez, J. C. Madalipay, P. L. Hilario, M. Soriano","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0581","url":null,"abstract":"We present a design for a locally developed spaceborne optoelectronic payload for small satellites. The camera satisfies the mass budget requirements at 270 g, which is less than the 450 g target mass. Simulations of radiation damage show that the recorded images will not suffer any significant degradation within the lifetime of the mission. Furthermore, finite element analysis on the optomechanical subsystem shows that the camera will survive both the launch environment and space environment. The camera is currently under production, where the resulting products will undergo launch and space environment testing.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130643051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements of tree attenuation by seasonal change of vegetation using two different elevation angle satellite for Ka-band mobile satellite communication","authors":"K. Tomoshige, J. Byeongpyo, S. Hajime, T. Takashi","doi":"10.1049/icp.2022.0577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0577","url":null,"abstract":"NICT of Japan has performed communications propagation measurements between the WINDS and a moving vehicle earth station. Understanding the propagation environment is an important factor when constructing a communications system. NICT has been made communications propagation measurements between WINDS and the moving vehicle earth station. A shadowing has been identified as having a large impact on satellite communications due to the use of a directional Ka-band antenna with high rectilinearity in these studies. We measure the attenuation of the received signal from the satellite throughout the year with shadowing from several types of trees to capture these seasonal differences. We have already reported the results of our year-long investigation, where we observe seasonal fluctuations in the received power beneath deciduous trees but no such variations beneath evergreen trees using WINDS. We have modified the vehicle earth station so that it can capture satellites other than the WINDS satellite. The WINDS satellite was located at 143 degrees east longitude, but this target satellite is located at 110 degrees east longitude. So, we can measure at a different elevation angle than previous measurements. In this report, we explain comparison of tree attenuation measurement results from two satellites with different elevation angles.","PeriodicalId":401042,"journal":{"name":"38th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2021)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131559704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}