University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences最新文献

Dynamic Face Perception: The Role of Expertise in Dual Processing of Features and Configuration 动态人脸感知：专业知识在特征和配置双重处理中的作用

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v16i1.40382

Yinqi Huang

{"title":"Dynamic Face Perception: The Role of Expertise in Dual Processing of Features and Configuration","authors":"Yinqi Huang","doi":"10.33137/juls.v16i1.40382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/juls.v16i1.40382","url":null,"abstract":"Face perception is the basis of many types of social information exchange, but there is controversy over its underlying mechanisms. Researchers have theorized two processing pathways underlying facial perception: configural processing and featural processing. Featural processing focuses on the individual features of a face, whereas configural processing focuses on the spatial relations of features. To resolve the debate on the relative contribution of the two pathways in face perception, researchers have proposed a dual processing model that the two pathways contribute to two different perceptions, detecting face-like patterns and identifying individual faces. The dual processing model is based on face perception experiments that primarily use static faces. As we mostly interact with dynamic faces in real life, the generalization of the model to dynamic faces will advance our understanding of how faces are perceived in real life. This paper proposes a refined dual processing model of dynamic face perception, in which expertise in dynamic face perception supports identifying individual faces, and it is a learned behaviour that develops with age. Specifically, facial motions account for the advantages of dynamic faces, compared to static faces. This paper highlights two intrinsic characteristics of facial motions that enable the advantages of dynamic faces in face perception. Firstly, facial motion provides facial information from various viewpoints, and thus supports the generalization of face perception to the unlearned view of faces. Secondly, distinctive motion patterns serve as a cue to the identity of the face.","PeriodicalId":40102,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47589507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspective on Accuracy of Past SARS-CoV-2 Evolutionary Predictions 对过去严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型进化预测准确性的展望

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v16i1.39995

Juliette Blais-Savoie

引用次数: 0

Population effects of chiral snail shell development relate handedness to health and disease 手性蜗牛壳发育的群体效应将手性与健康和疾病联系起来

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v16i1.39954

Eric Liu, D. Wing

引用次数: 0

The Evolution of TNF-α Blockade for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis TNF-α阻断治疗类风湿关节炎的进展

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v16i1.39048

Felicia Ceban, Jiaxi Xu

{"title":"The Evolution of TNF-α Blockade for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Felicia Ceban, Jiaxi Xu","doi":"10.33137/juls.v16i1.39048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/juls.v16i1.39048","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a potent trimeric cytokine which plays a fundamental role in the host immuno-inflammatory response, as well as in homeostasis and development. Although critical for canonical immune function, TNF-α has great destructive potential and is implicated in the development of multiple immune-mediated disorders. Within the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), TNF-α acts as a primary pathogenic driver by precipitating a pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade and coordinating the attraction and activation of immune cells, all of which culminate in damage to the synovium. The discovery of the paramount role of TNF-α in the pathophysiology of RA motivated studies to understand the effects of TNF blockade in vitro and in vivo. Promising preclinical results provided the impetus for clinical trials, spearheaded in the 1980s and 90s by Marc Feldmann, which revealed significant improvements across RA symptom scores and finally led to FDA approval in 1998. As of 2021, five TNF-α blocking agents have been widely applied clinically, including infliximab (IFX), etanercept (ETN), adalimumab (ADA), golimumab (GLM) and certolizumab pegol (CZP). All of them successfully ameliorated symptoms of RA and the associated tissue damage, especially in patients not responding to traditional treatment methods. Anti-TNFs are most often administered in combination with methotrexate (MTX) as part of Phase II treatment (i.e., second line). Although the general availability of anti-TNFs has dramatically improved patient outcomes, sustained remission is rare and the mechanism of RA remains incompletely understood. Thus, additional basic and translational research is warranted, towards the aim of developing novel RA treatments.","PeriodicalId":40102,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42721597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition and Metaplasia 间质上皮转化和化生

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v16i1.38941

Samuel Kogan

引用次数: 0

A Canadian Perspective on Patient Experience using Virtual Care During COVID-19 新冠肺炎期间使用虚拟护理的患者体验的加拿大视角

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v16i1.38930

Jacob Wise, L. Abrahamyan, A. Ștefănescu, E. Horlick

{"title":"A Canadian Perspective on Patient Experience using Virtual Care During COVID-19","authors":"Jacob Wise, L. Abrahamyan, A. Ștefănescu, E. Horlick","doi":"10.33137/juls.v16i1.38930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/juls.v16i1.38930","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a rapid change in the delivery of healthcare around the world. Many facilities have transitioned suitable services to virtual care to reduce the risk of viral transmission and preserve healthcare resources for spikes in COVID-19 cases. Since institutions have rapidly expanded the usage of virtual care beyond its previous confines, investigations are required to ensure that the adapted system is working for patients. While important, clinical and patient-reported outcome data do not provide complete insight into the specific impacts of pandemic-time changes from the patient’s perspective. Therefore, to get a complete picture of these changes, it is also necessary to look at patient experience, which evidence suggests, could be impacted by virtual care in positive ways, but only in specific cases. Thus, it is vital to record pandemic-time patient experiences and analyse how the implementation of virtual visits impacts the delivery of person-centred care. This data should be used to determine how virtual care can be optimally implemented into the Canadian healthcare system after the resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is currently unclear how virtual care will be integrated into the post-pandemic landscape, the approach offers benefits to both patients and providers. Canada-wide, longitudinal studies investigating patient experience using virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic are required in order to ascertain exactly how this novel approach can be leveraged to benefit patients.","PeriodicalId":40102,"journal":{"name":"University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Consistency of in vitro drug sensitivities within pharmacological classes 药理学分类中体外药物敏感性的一致性

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v15i1.37046

Casey Hon, S. Nair, P. Smirnov, Hossein Sharifi-Noghabi, Nikta Feizi, Shaun Shepherd, B. Haibe-Kains

引用次数: 0

COVID-19: A Viral Phenomenon - The Insider Report 新冠肺炎：病毒现象-内幕报道

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v15i1.37690

M. Profant

引用次数: 0

Role of Antioxidant Vitamins in Neurogenesis 抗氧化维生素在神经发生中的作用

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v15i1.37312

Shreyashish Roy-Chowdhury, Daivat Bhavsar, J. Singh, A. Mardon

引用次数: 0

COVID-19: A Viral Phenomenon - Organizer & Speaker Interviews COVID-19:一种病毒现象-组织者和演讲者访谈

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University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.33137/juls.v15i1.37692

M. Profant

引用次数: 0