Transnational Corporations最新文献_第9页

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Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.18356/2c46fbbe-zh

引用次数: 0

SEZs and Economic Transformation: Towards a Developmental Approach 经济特区与经济转型：走向发展道路

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.18356/d5636c42-en

A. Aggarwal

引用次数: 21

Using Special Economic Zones to Facilitate Development: Policy Implications 利用经济特区促进发展的政策启示

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2019-09-02 DOI: 10.18356/72E19B3C-EN

R. Narula, J. Zhan

{"title":"Using Special Economic Zones to Facilitate Development: Policy Implications","authors":"R. Narula, J. Zhan","doi":"10.18356/72E19B3C-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/72E19B3C-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Volume 26 number 2 of the Transnational Corporations journal is a special issue dedicated to special economic zones (SEZs) and their potential as vehicles for development. The issue grew out of research and background papers that fed into UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2019, the thematic focus of which was SEZs. In compiling this issue, we sought to contextualize the emergence of SEZs, their evolution, and the associated policy trajectories that underpin them. This introductory paper amalgamates observations from the broader academic literature, as well as the findings of the World Investment Report 2019 and its associated background papers. A common theme is that a well-designed zone will evolve with the changing comparative advantages and development level of the underlying economy, in what is described as the “SEZ development ladder”. As the locational advantages change, the emphasis and the objectives of the SEZ must also change. Reliance on “generic” locational advantages must necessarily diminish, and greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing “specialized” locational advantages. Another key finding is that the benefits of an SEZ must intentionally “leak” beyond the perimeter of the zone. The pervasiveness of the direct, indirect, and induced extra-SEZ effects beyond the geographically bounded space of the SEZ determines its success or failure. Scope remains for future research on SEZs, focusing on their sustainability, the impact of the digital economy and industry 4.0, and the involvement of new financing partners for SEZ development.","PeriodicalId":40060,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49419945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Factors Contributing to the Strength of National Patent Protection and Enforcement After TRIPS 《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》后影响国家专利保护和执法力度的因素

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.18356/96DE74C3-EN

Nikolaos Papageorgiadis, Chengang Wang, Georgios Magkonis

{"title":"Factors Contributing to the Strength of National Patent Protection and Enforcement After TRIPS","authors":"Nikolaos Papageorgiadis, Chengang Wang, Georgios Magkonis","doi":"10.18356/96DE74C3-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/96DE74C3-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study the determinants of the strength of patent enforcement in 43 member countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO) between 1998 and 2011, a period after the signing of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. We do so by building on and expanding the seminal work of Ginarte and Park (1997) on the pre-TRIPS determinants of patent rights in the years 1960-1990. We find that in the years after TRIPS was signed, the strength of patent enforcement of a country is positively determined by two variables that signify the usage of the patent and intellectual property system, and the number of patent and trademark applications. We also find that the level of research and development expenditure, the quality of human capital, and the level of development of a country have positive effects on the strength of the enforcement of patent law in practice. Intellectual property rights enforcement is one of the key investment-related policies included in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development. Identifying the determinants of strong patent systems will help policymakers at the national and supranational levels to design and implement effective policies that strengthen national patent systems, thereby enhancing economic benefits such as greater levels of commercialization of intangible assets and greater levels of international trade and investment.","PeriodicalId":40060,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43221503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Home-Country Measures to Support Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Variation and Consequences 母国支持对外直接投资的措施：变化及其后果

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.18356/A98759E5-EN

Florian A. A. Becker-Ritterspach, Maria Allen, K. Lange, Matthew M. C. Allen

引用次数: 6

The Mauritius Convention on Transparency and the Multilateral Tax Instrument: Models for the Modification of Treaties? 《毛里求斯透明度公约》和多边税收文书:条约修改的模式?

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.18356/4EFE6452-EN

N. Bravo

{"title":"The Mauritius Convention on Transparency and the Multilateral Tax Instrument: Models for the Modification of Treaties?","authors":"N. Bravo","doi":"10.18356/4EFE6452-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/4EFE6452-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The investment treaty network and the tax treaty network comprise more than 3,000 \u0000treaties each. The provisions of these treaties generally are highly customized on the \u0000basis of the investment flows and economic interests of the contracting States. The \u0000number of treaties in force and their customization potentially turn the amendment \u0000of these treaty networks in their entirety into a cumbersome and long process. To \u0000modify the treaty networks in a swift and coordinated manner, the investment treaty \u0000makers and the tax treaty makers almost contemporaneously developed the idea \u0000of implementing treaty changes through a single multilateral convention. On 10 \u0000December 2014, the United Nations adopted the Convention on Transparency in \u0000Treaty-based Investor' State Arbitration, also known as the Mauritius Convention. \u0000In addition, on 24 November 2016, the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax \u0000Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), \u0000commonly referred to as the Multilateral Tax Instrument, was concluded under the \u0000aegis of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). \u0000The Mauritius Convention and the Multilateral Tax Instrument share the object \u0000and purpose of modifying an extensive number of treaties. However, due to their \u0000novelty, little research has been done until now on their common characteristics \u0000and differences. The article aims at filling this gap by comparing both multilateral \u0000conventions. It also aims at drawing lessons from the analysis of both multilateral \u0000conventions that might be of benefit for future modifications of an extensive number \u0000of treaties through a single instrument.","PeriodicalId":40060,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48255168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Book review: Navigating Global Business: A Cultural Compass by Simcha Ronen and Oded Shenkar 书评:Simcha Ronen和Oded Shenkar的《全球商业导航:文化指南针》

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.18356/7c86ee45-en

S. Ronen, O. Shenkar

引用次数: 0

How can academic-policy collaboration be more effective? A stewardship approach to engaged scholarship in the case of SME internationalization 如何使学术政策合作更有效?中小企业国际化案例中从事学术研究的管理方法

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.18356/2E0185BC-EN

M. Fletcher, P. Dimitratos, S. Young

{"title":"How can academic-policy collaboration be more effective? A stewardship approach to engaged scholarship in the case of SME internationalization","authors":"M. Fletcher, P. Dimitratos, S. Young","doi":"10.18356/2E0185BC-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/2E0185BC-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In response to calls for more policy-relevant academic research, this paper undertakes a stewardship approach to examine an engaged scholarship policy programme targeted at supporting the internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Scotland, namely the Global Companies Development Programme (GCDP). The study was undertaken by academics and included a combined formal evaluation and research study, a follow-up workshop and group interviews over a ten-year-period. This study extends the stewardship approach to the engaged scholarship context. The findings suggest that stakeholders view their collaboration as a “supra-organizational” formation through which they can identify and empathize with its objectives; require skilful boundary spanners who consistently promote the objectives of the collaboration in the participating organizations; and, accentuate effective knowledge generation and transfer to SME internationalization activities that reflect the outcomes of their collaboration. We discuss policy implications for the development of private-public and inter-agency partnerships.","PeriodicalId":40060,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91272388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

How subsidiaries influence innovation in the MNE value chain 子公司如何影响跨国公司价值链中的创新

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.18356/D998EA62-EN

E. Gilmore, Ulf R. Andersson, Noushan Memar

{"title":"How subsidiaries influence innovation in the MNE value chain","authors":"E. Gilmore, Ulf R. Andersson, Noushan Memar","doi":"10.18356/D998EA62-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/D998EA62-EN","url":null,"abstract":"As multinational enterprises increasingly disaggregate their value chains and assign functional responsibilities to foreign subsidiaries, they are increasingly focused on augmenting spatially distant activities and resources. At the same time, despite subsidiary managers operating at the “middle” of the organization and having awareness of operational and strategic contexts, they have received significant criticism for hindering the successful coordination and integration of value chain activities. This appears counterintuitive as, on the one hand, MNEs are increasingly disaggregating their value chains and, on the other, subsidiary managers act as frontline managers, at the intersection of their local context and the MNE. We examine the resource stocks of six subsidiaries and the activities of subsidiary managers locally and across global value chains. The results indicate that integration responsibilities are decentralized, as properties of subsidiary mandates, and that the subsidiary managers’ connectivity activities significantly affect the strategic influence that they subsidiary can exercise locally and globally. The results also contain important information for policymakers.","PeriodicalId":40060,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75166893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Why do African multinationals invest outside their home region? Should they? 为什么非洲跨国公司要在本国以外地区投资?他们应该吗?

Transnational Corporations Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.18356/754EE78A-EN

K. Ibeh

{"title":"Why do African multinationals invest outside their home region? Should they?","authors":"K. Ibeh","doi":"10.18356/754EE78A-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/754EE78A-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This study draws on preliminary case evidence to explore the motivations and advisability of nascent African MNEs’ engagement in outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) activities outside their home region. It complements recent research on MNEs from emerging markets, which has dominantly focused on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) economies, with virtually no attention to potentially important players from rising Africa. The MNEs explored in this study originate from the energy, manufacturing, construction, chemicals, agribusiness, extractive/mining, and financial services sectors, and they have investment footprints in several economies of the Global ‘South’ and the advanced North. Their OFDI moves to both economic groupings seem to be commonly motivated by the search for market opportunities, strategic assets/resources and performance-boosting relationships, though more advanced economies appear to attract more strategic asset-seeking FDI from nascent African MNEs. The paper argues that intraregional investments by African MNEs should continue to attract primary attention, but selective and strategic extra-regional FDI, undertaken with an eye on further global competitiveness, also requires appropriate policy support. This seems even more sensible given that the prevalence and acceleration of borderless digital internationalisation and the increasingly blurred nationality of MNE affiliates are lessening the relevance of regional distinctions.","PeriodicalId":40060,"journal":{"name":"Transnational Corporations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79663850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9