World health & population最新文献

{"title":"Population Consultations: The Experience in Guinea.","authors":"Mohammed Lamine Yansané","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dr. Yansané is the senior policy advisor to the Minister of Health in Guinea and the former Head of the Minister's Office and former Secretary General, Health. He has been instrumental in advocating for and co-organizing the États Généraux de la Santé in Guinea in 2014. His perspective is clearly one of a policy and decision-maker who has a particular interest in bringing population views, needs and expertise into the policy-making process in the hope that it will lead to improved buy-in of the policy and better implementation. Dr. Yansané was requested to provide input on the utility value of population consultations in his country and the added value from his perspective of more international debate on deliberative democracy in the health sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 2","pages":"19-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35144774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Public Consultations in Health Work, A Contextual Approach.","authors":"Shomikho Raha,&nbsp;Helene Grandvoinnet","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public health consultations are a fundamental part of public health policy design and implementation. However, one cannot assume that these consultations will automatically be inclusive, that their inputs will indeed influence policy makers, and that this will lead to progress towards UHC. Assessing how public consultations can be more inclusive and influential for stronger results needs to be part of the consultation design. This commentary offers some suggestions on how to do so.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 2","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35144777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Formative Assessment of Nurses' Leadership Role in Zambia's Community Health System.","authors":"Allison Annette Foster,&nbsp;Fastone M Goma,&nbsp;Judith Shamian,&nbsp;Carolyn Moore,&nbsp;Marjorie Kabinga-Makukula,&nbsp;Nellisiwe Luyando Chizuni,&nbsp;Charity Kapenda,&nbsp;Stembile Mugore,&nbsp;Claire Viadro,&nbsp;Laura Hollod,&nbsp;Gail Tomblin Murphy","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite its achievements in decreasing HIV prevalence and under-five mortality, Zambia still faces high maternal and neonatal mortality, particularly in the rural and remote areas where almost 60% of the population resides. After significant investments in developing its community health system, the Zambian Ministry of Health was interested to understand how to leverage the role of nurses to sustain achievements made and further improve the quality of care in rural communities. The Ministry joined research partners in an assessment into the role and leadership capacity of nurses heading rural health facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A seven-member research team conducted 30 in-depth interviews and 10 focus group discussions in four provinces with four categories of respondents: national decision-makers, provincial and district managers, rural facility staff and community respondents (neighborhood health committee members and volunteers). An initial scoping visit and literature review informed the development of specific interview guides for each category of respondent. After audio-recording and transcription, research team members identified and reached consensus on key themes, and presented and validated the findings at a national stakeholder workshop.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zambia's front-line health teams are a complex mixture of professional facility staff, community providers, community-based volunteers and neighborhood health committees. Nurses and nurse-midwives head over half the rural facilities in Zambia, where they are expected to lead the delivery of safe, high-quality care with staff and volunteers who often operate beyond their level of training. Nurses and midwives who are assigned to head rural facilities are not adequately prepared or recognized for the leadership responsibilities they are expected to fulfill.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper highlights opportunities to support rural facility heads in effectively leading front-line health teams to deliver primary healthcare to rural communities. Front-line teams require a leader to coordinate and motivate seamless and sustainable quality services that are accessible to all. Zambia has the potential to support integrated, responsive quality care and advance toward universal health coverage if nurses are adequately prepared and recognized with job descriptions that reflect their responsibilities and opportunities for career advancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 3","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12927/whp.2017.25305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35794600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Engagement and Consultation at the Local Level: Thailand Experience.","authors":"Weerasak Putthasri,&nbsp;Nanoot Mathurapote,&nbsp;Orapan Srisookwattana","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization handbook on Strategizing National Health in the 21st Century has emphasized the importance of the process of population consultation on needs and expectations. According to Thailand National Health Act 2007, three innovative social tools for participatory healthy public policy process were proposed, i.e., health assembly, health impact assessment and health system statute (charter). In practice, population consultation process is required in the process of the tools implementation. Therefore, this paper aims to illustrate how local health statute implementation supports population participation and consultation at the local level. The first local health statute owned by Cha-lae sub-district in Songkla Province had been introduced in 2009. So far, there are above 500 sub-districts or \"Tambon\" having their own health system statutes. Tambon Administrative Organization (TAO), health and non-health sectors, community leaders and civil society seemed to be key actors or a mechanism for the local health statute. This demonstrated three crucial elements or sectors for policy development, i.e., policy maker, evidence support and society. Contents of the local health statute are wide ranged, including social determinants, risks and diseases, life style, health services, health fund, to mental and social health in regard to the local problem and context. Therefore, it needs the process of discussion and consultation to seek their common interest and expectation. Local health statute in Thailand is an example of engagement and consultation of the population for health policy. This confirmed the process of population consultation on their needs and expectation that can be implemented both at national and local levels. This is also the strategy to improve the accountability of policy makers for health impacts at all levels of policy making. The challenges of local health statute include the mechanism to maintain and ensure the engagement and ownership for sustainable implementation. Lastly, the local government's continued commitment toward providing funding support through the implementation process and the self-assessment framework of implementation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 2","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35144776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Consultation: A Powerful Means to Ensure that Health Strategies are Oriented Towards Universal Health Coverage.","authors":"Katja Rohrer, Dheepa Rajan, Gerard Schmets","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25157","DOIUrl":"10.12927/whp.2017.25157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We seek to highlight why population consultations need to be promoted more strongly as a powerful means to move health reforms towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, despite this increasing recognition that the \"population\" is the key factor of successful health planning and high-quality service delivery, there has been very little systematic reflection and only limited (international) attention brought to the idea of specifically consulting the population to improve the quality and soundness of health policies and strategies and to strengthen the national health planning process and implementation. So far, research has done little to assess the significance of population consultations for the health sector and its importance for strategic planning and implementation processes; in addition, there has been insufficient evaluation of population consultations in the health sector or health-related areas.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We drew on ongoing programmatic work of World Health Organization (WHO) offices worldwide, as most population consultations are not well-documented. In addition, we analyzed any existing documentation available on population consultations in health. We then elaborate on the potential benefits of bringing the population's voice into national health planning. We briefly mention the key methods used for population consultations, and we put forward recent country examples showing that population consultation is an effective way of assessing the population's needs and expectations, and should be more widely used in strategizing health. Giving the voice to the population is a means to strengthen accountability, to reinforce the commitment of policy makers, decision-makers and influencers (media, political parties, academics, etc.) to the health policy objectives of UHC, and, in the specific case of donor-dependent countries, to sensitize donors' engagement and alignment with national health strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The consequence of the current low international interest for population consultations probably has the most negative effect on resource-poor countries, as this analytical oversight comes with a high price. However, a population consultation has the potential to give more benefit and added value to contexts where resources are scarce and where planning processes pose a high extra burden, and should thus be promoted among international donor agencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 2","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35144772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty in Ukraine: Development, Validity and Reliability of a New Measure of Financial Strain for Young Adults.","authors":"Iryna Balabukha,&nbsp;Ambika Krishnakumar,&nbsp;Lutchmie Narine","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper was to develop a valid and reliable measure of financial strain for use with college-attending young adults in Ukraine. The newly developed measure represents an alternative approach to currently used objective measures of poverty and economic hardship. Objective measures are not adequate or applicable for use with Ukrainian young adults who are mainly dependent on their families for economic support. Financial strain was conceptualized as the financial adjustments that young adults have to make to meet their basic housing, food and clothing needs. Items were generated to capture the construct of financial strain, and content validity of the scale was assessed. Exploratory factor analysis strongly supported the unidimensional nature of the scale. In addition, findings from simultaneous multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated configural, metric and factor invariance of the measure across the southern and central regions of Ukraine. The new measure of financial strain was positively correlated with emotional distress and violence against romantic partners, indicating good predictive validity. The scale also showed good internal consistency. We suggest that the new measure is appropriate to use with young adults in other Eastern European countries in transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 2","pages":"32-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35144775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There Is Much to Learn When You Listen: Exploring Citizen Engagement in High- and Low-Income Countries.","authors":"Moriah E Ellen,&nbsp;Ruth Shach,&nbsp;Maryse C Kok,&nbsp;Katherine Fatta","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for engaging citizens in healthcare policy making is critical, and different approaches are gaining traction internationally. However, citizen engagement seems more difficult to implement in low- and middle-income countries because of political, practical and cultural reasons. Despite this, countries such as India, Malawi, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Mozambique, Egypt have initiated community engagement initiatives, which are contextually unique, and can be used as examples to learn from for the future. Overall, community voices need to play a bigger role in forming policy; they hold the key to improve health and forward growth. Evidence needs to move out of communities and districts through broader communication and knowledge translation avenues to influence and shape national and global level policies and strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 3","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35794598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Collaboration Challenge: Global Partnerships to Achieve Global Goals.","authors":"Michael Bzdak","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As capitalism is being re-invented and the voices of multiple stakeholders are becoming more prevalent and demanding, it is the perfect time for the private sector to embrace large-scale collaboration and a shared sense of purpose. Since the explosive growth of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the 1990s, a new era of responsibility, purpose and a re-envisioned capitalism are dramatically apparent. Beyond financial support, business leaders have the opportunity to galvanize networks, advocate for regulation and policy change, and form supporting consortia to support global development. The role of the private sector in development has changed significantly from a model of benevolent contributor to a model of collaborator, investor, business partner and exponential value creator. The new era of collaboration should move beyond a shared value mindset to new models of partnership where each contributor plays an equal role in defining challenges and designing solutions with the greater goal of sustainable value creation. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have the unprecedented opportunity to take leadership roles in engaging the private sector in more game-changing collaborations.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 3","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35794602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The UN High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth: The Opportunity for Communities and their Primary Health Systems.","authors":"Judith Shamian,&nbsp;Kate Tulenko,&nbsp;Sandra MacDonald-Rencz","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Focusing on the UN High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, this paper examines its potential impact on primary health-care to communities. It contains a set of curated interviews with key decision-makers who are determining how health workers are trained and employed all over the world. The commentaries come from individuals who have either been or have not been directly involved in the work of the Commission, exploring the necessary actions needed in support of implementing these recommendations, highlighting the ultimate potential impact at the local level - health systems and health workers working in communities and their primary health systems. Please note that the full submissions for these individuals are contained in Appendix 1 (available at: www.longwoods.com/content/25309).</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 3","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12927/whp.2017.25309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35794596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing a Paradigm Shift in the Sustainable Development Goal Era.","authors":"Allison Annette Foster,&nbsp;Gail Tomblin Murphy,&nbsp;Vic Neufeld","doi":"10.12927/whp.2017.25310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2017.25310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sustainable Development Goals challenge us to step beyond traditional development approaches and to consider strategies that are evidence informed and innovative. The concepts are familiar; themes aligned with Harmonization, Primary Healthcare, Leadership, Public Private Partnerships, Community Engagement, and Integrated Technologies. However, to optimize resources and overcome today's challenge with sustainable solutions, we must capture lessons learned and apply evidence developed to inform and expand the thinking to shape and inform new paradigms. The tools, the experience, and the evidence are at our finger-tips. We must hold ourselves accountable to turn that rudder and hold the line so that the ship can advance toward universal health coverage that ensures healthy lives and promotes wellbeing for all at all ages. Health is where economic well-being, labour opportunities, educational advancement, gender equity and access to food, water, clean air come together to advance the wellbeing of all. This juncture is most significant at community level, where health systems intertwine with the social and cultural fabric and health workers stand at the interface between the health system and the people it serves. In these manuscripts, thought leaders in the health sector share evidence and experience to help us consider how we will use this intersection to push all nations to achieve all the SDGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":40038,"journal":{"name":"World health & population","volume":"17 3","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12927/whp.2017.25310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35794663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}