International journal of human sciences最新文献

{"title":"Police use of force: individualistic, situational, and organizational approach Polisin zor kullanmasi: bireysel, durumsal ve organizasyonel yaklaşım","authors":"İlyas Özgentürk","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3258","url":null,"abstract":"While ensuring public safety and fighting against criminals the police are given exceptional powers such as the use of force to protect themselves as well as others in the process of fighting criminals. In a democratic society the limits of the use of force given by the state to the police is regulated by law. Misuse of power by the police, regarding humanitarian concerns, in terms of philosophical dilemmas and political implications has great impact on people. Use of force is defined as; use of physical strength and any equipment in increased proportion to neutralize acts of resistance or attack. The power to use of force is a direct intervention to the fundamental rights and freedoms of persons. Therefore, use of excessive force is considered as a direct violation of human rights. There have been numerous researches and studies about Police use of force. However, the complex structure of use of force, and it association with many factors creates a lot of limitations in this area. Therefore, the researchers have systematized the use of force by the police and focused on situational and institutional factors. Individual factors affecting the use of power and force by the police officers are defined as; The age of the police officer, education level and occupational experience. Regarding situational factors the researchers have focused on characteristics like; type of event that the police officer has encountered the public and the characteristics the suspects. Regarding explaining the Institutional factors it is focused on; the affect of the police culture (subculture) and service delivery philosophy of de unit that the officer is working at. Ozet Kamunun guvenligini saglama ve suclularla mucadele etme gorevini yerine getirirken polise hem kendisini hem de baskalarini korumasi ve suclularla mucadele edebilmesi icin zor kullanma gibi bir takim istisnai yetkiler verilmistir.  Demokratik toplumlarda devletin polise vermis oldugu zor kullanma yetkisinin sinirlari hukuk tarafindan duzenlenmistir. Polisin sahip oldugu gucu suiistimal etmesi insani kaygilar, felsefi ikilemler ve politik sonuclar acisindan halk uzerinde buyuk etkilere sahiptir. Zor kullanma; direnme ve saldiri karsisinda bu fiilleri etkisiz hale getirecek derecede artan nispette bedeni kuvvet her turlu techizati kullanmak seklinde tanimlanmaktadir. Zor kullanma yetkisi kisilerin temel hak ve ozgurluklerine dogrudan bir mudahaledir.  Bu nedenle zor kullanma yetkisinin asilmasi dogrudan insan haklari ihlali sayilmaktadir. Polisin zor kullanmasi ile ilgili sayisiz arastirmalar ve calismalar yapilmistir.  Ancak, zor kullanmanin kompleks yapisi ve  cok cesitli nedenlerle iliskili olmasindan dolayi bu alanda oldukca fazla sinirlamalar vardir.  Bu nedenle, arastirmacilar polisin kuvvet kullanmasini sistematize ederek bireysel, durumsal ve kurumsal faktorlerin uzerinde durmuslardir. Polis memurlarinin guc ve kuvvet kullanmasini etkileyen bireysel faktorler; polis memurlarinin yasi, egitim seviye","PeriodicalId":400320,"journal":{"name":"International journal of human sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124608815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship among self- esteem, intelligence, and academic achievement Benlik saygisi, zekâ ve akademik başari ilişkisi","authors":"F. Kaya, Üzeyir Ogurlu","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3089","url":null,"abstract":"Self-esteem begins to develop at early ages and has relationship with various other variables. In this research, the relationship of self-esteem with intelligence and academic achievement was examined. The study group included 127 middle school students at adolescence. The students’ scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Plus Test as well as their general point average (GPA) scores were used. It was found no statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and intelligence. In addition, although there was a statistically significant relationship between intelligence and academic achievement, the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement was not statistically significant. Besides, self-esteem did not differentiated by students’ levels of intelligence. However, students’ self-esteem scores differentiated by their levels of achievement. Results of the study provided inferences and some suggestions to educators and parents.   Ozet Erken gelisim donemlerinden itibaren olusmaya baslayan benlik saygisi, farkli degiskenlerle iliskilidir. Bu arastirmada, benlik saygisi ile zekâ ve akademik basari arasindaki iliski incelenmistir. Ergenlik donemindeki 127 ogrenciyle yapilan bu arastirmada, verilerin toplanmasi icin Rosenberg Benlik Saygisi Olcegi, Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Plus Testi ve ogrencilerin akademik not ortalamalari kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, benlik saygisi ve zekâ arasinda anlamli bir iliskiye rastlanmamistir. Bunun yaninda, zekâ ve akademik basari arasinda yuksek bir iliski bulunmasina ragmen, benlik saygisi ve akademik basari arasindaki iliskinin anlamli olmadigi ortaya cikmistir. Ayrica benlik saygisi, ogrencilerin zekâ duzeylerine gore de farklilasmamaktadir. Fakat farkli akademik basariya sahip ogrenci gruplarinda benlik saygisinin farklilastigi gorulmustur. Elde edilen sonuclar egitimciler ve ebeveynler icin onemli egitimsel cikarimlar ortaya koymustur.","PeriodicalId":400320,"journal":{"name":"International journal of human sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133782641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of the cartoon controversy on the U.S. newspapers","authors":"Yusuf Yüksel, A. Akbulut","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3074","url":null,"abstract":"Cartoon Crisis composed one of the most comprehensive international security problems of the last decade. A Danish newspaper, Jyllands-Posten, published 12 cartoons to satirize Prophet Mohammed in September 2005 which resulted in boycotts, anger and violent protest and thus a global conflict. The dispute over the cartoons has brought out the questions about the relations between the Islamic World and the West, the role of media on those relations, the limits of freedom of speech and right to protests and violence. This study aimed to find out how the cartoon controversy was represented in the US news media and the difference between newspapers depending on the rate of Muslim population in their circulation area.  A content analysis of Detroit Free Press, Herald News, Omaha World-News and Wyoming Tribune-Eagle newspapers are used to test the hypothesis about the publication of the cartoons and reaction of the Muslims to this issue. The findings suggest that the newspapers published in Muslim diverse communities are likely to draw more attention to the controversy. However, the difference is not significant. All of the four newspapers present negative views not only about the publication of the cartoons but also the reaction of the Muslims.","PeriodicalId":400320,"journal":{"name":"International journal of human sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116985996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media exposure and influence of female athlete body images","authors":"J. Christensen, J. Deutsch","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3138","url":null,"abstract":"The job of any form of media is to convey a message. These messages can range from a benign sales ad to deeper subliminal message of acceptable behavior.  Historically, media has taught us that men are supposed to compete in physical activities such as sport and any women who choose to do so are type casted as being lesbian or tomboys. To combat this, females often go to great lengths, including portraying themselves as sexual objects, to prove their femininity and thus lose their credibility as athletes.  The other issue that can arise from this include other female athletes concentrating more on the physique of their bodies and less on performing their athletic talents.","PeriodicalId":400320,"journal":{"name":"International journal of human sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marx’s distinction between socialism and communism","authors":"T. Çam, Mustafa Kayaoğlu","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3152","url":null,"abstract":"Marx’s distinction between socialism and communism is the subject of this study. Even though socialism and communism terms existed before Marx, they are generally remembered with Marx. From his perspective, socialism and communism was comprehensively handled and compared in the paper. Since it is essential to talk about it while discussing the distinction between socialism and communism, the dictatorship of the proletariat that is a political transition period is also explained in this study. Communism has two phases. The first or lower phase of communism is called as socialism that is the phase between capitalism and communism. The second or higher phase of communism is the perfect stage. There is no inequality or injustice in this stage. Communist society is classless society where products are delivered according to individuals needs. Implications were discussed in the work. Without three of the all sources, only Marx’s own works were used during the examination of socialism and communism.","PeriodicalId":400320,"journal":{"name":"International journal of human sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129701611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sources of self-esteem: Initating and maintaining romantic intimacy at emerging adulthood in Turkey","authors":"Nilüfer Özabacı, A. Eryılmaz","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14687/IJHS.V12I1.3014","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship of emerging adults’ in initiating and maintaining romantic intimacy with sub-dimensions and explores the extent that self-esteem in emerging adults could explain the initiation and maintenance of a romantic relationship. The participants included 136 male and 106 female totaling 242 university students. In order to collect data, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Markers of Starting Romantic Intimacy Scale and Quality of Relationship Inventory were used. According to the results, emerging adults perceived both having markers of starting romantic intimacy and the positive quality of relationship as significant sources for their self-esteem. The results of the present study emphasize the significance of self-esteem for starting and maintaining romantic intimacy.","PeriodicalId":400320,"journal":{"name":"International journal of human sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125427248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of poverty on education","authors":"R. Buck, J. Deutsch","doi":"10.14687/IJHS.V11I2.3043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14687/IJHS.V11I2.3043","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the effects of poverty on education. Many different aspects contribute to a community becoming impoverished such as deindustrialization, high unemployment rates, untreated mental health, and violent crimes. Impoverished communities rural and urban face many issues. These issues include dilapidated housing, lack of access to professional services, and most importantly inferior education. The education is inferior for a number of reasons; students are showing up to school with numerous problems that the teachers are unable to account for through instruction. The school facilities face structural inadequacies which have been proven to have an effect on the quality of instruction. The teachers in the schools, while qualified, are often times not supported by school administration. School administrators are busy with their own issues in determining what areas to allocate their limited budget. Poverty is a vast and complex issue that plagues communities in a seemingly endless cycle. However, working together to find effective ways of solving issues caused by poverty, the future can become a brighter for American youth growing up in poor communities.","PeriodicalId":400320,"journal":{"name":"International journal of human sciences","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116849649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}