Expert Review of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The utility of optical coherence tomography angiography in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration – current perspective","authors":"R. Schwartz, Nicola Cronbach, H. Madi, R. Reynolds, U. Chakravarthy","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2084073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2084073","url":null,"abstract":"Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a relatively new imaging modality that allows visualization of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. While this has traditionally only been possible through dye-based imaging techniques (fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICG)), OCTA offers a fast and noninvasive alternative that is readily repeatable and can be used to image the retinal and choroidal vasculature in a single scan without the need for dye injection. Another advantage of OCTA is its ability to produce depthresolved evaluation of the reflectance data from retinal tissue, providing a three-dimensional volume of information. The retinal and choroidal capillary networks are arranged into morphologically distinct layers, from the superficial capillary plexus to the choroid. In the case of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), this enables the clinician to determine whether a neovascular network is present, its relative position within the retina/choroid and, with the use of repeated OCTA scans over multiple visits, whether this network is changing. However, there is currently no single standard for acquisition or interpretation of OCTA data. The first commercial OCTA machine (AngioVue, Optovue, Fremont, CA) was introduced in 2014 and was based on spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT). Subsequent OCTA devices have been based on either SD-OCT or swept source OCT (SS-OCT). SD-OCT and SS-OCT are both types of Fourier domain OCT but differ in their light source, wavelength, and photodetector, which results in differences in scanning speeds and resolution of imaging at the various levels within the retina and choroid. The longer wavelength of SS-OCT (~1050 nm, vs ~840 nm for SD-OCT) and reduced sensitivity rolloff enables acquisition of high-resolution OCTA imaging particularly of neovascular networks below the retinal pigment epithelium compared with SD-OCT scanning. The quicker scanning speeds of SS-OCT also allow for a larger area to be imaged. However, different devices utilize different algorithms to process and segment the data acquired, and therefore there are differences in the images produced. Continuous advances in OCTA technology and improvements in the quality of images produced have led to increasing use of OCTA globally for clinical purposes, particularly for the diagnosis and monitoring of macular neovascularization [1]. In this article, we discuss the role of OCTA in nAMD and how it can be of use to clinicians in the diagnosis and management of nAMD.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"81 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49363650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic side effects of COVID-19 vaccines","authors":"Bita Momenaei, Kasra Cheraqpour, M. Soleimani, S. Tabatabaei, M. Shahriari, Hamed Etesali, Ahmed Hussein, Yasaman Vaseghi, Bahareh Ramezani, A. Djalilian","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2066523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2066523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has been a rapidly emerging global health concern since December 2019. Unprecedented efforts have been made to produce vaccines, which have proven to be successful. Areas covered This is a narrative review of the known ocular side effects related to the COVID-19 vaccines. Relevant literature was identified up to January 2022. Herein, reports of several side effects after immunization with COVID-19 vaccines, such as corneal graft rejection, ocular herpes simplex virus reactivation, scleritis, anterior and intermediate uveitis, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, panuveitis, multifocal choroiditis, toxoplasma retinochoroiditis, central serous retinopathy, branch/central retinal vein occlusion, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, third nerve palsy, superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis, and Tolosa–Hunt syndrome, are reviewed and presented. Expert opinion Our knowledge regarding vaccination-related adverse events during the COVID-19 pandemic is growing. Ocular side effects are very rare overall and can often be treatable and preventable. Vaccinations remain strongly recommended by experts due to their efficacy in decreasing the disease burden. It is of note that establishing a casual relationship between vaccines and side effects is not possible yet and the possibility of coincidence should be considered.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"129 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45765987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseball-related ocular injuries in the United States: a 10-year analysis","authors":"P. Patel, Rhea Gopali, Anvith Reddy, Kajol K. Patel","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2039629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2039629","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background To analyze the incidence of baseball-related ocular injuries, mechanisms commonly associated with precipitating trauma, and secondary visual sequelae, and explore the age and sex-specific variations in the distributions of these variables. Methods Baseball-related ocular injuries presenting to the emergency department (ED) were identified using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for 2011 through 2020. Age, sex, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, visual sequela, and patient disposition were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results 558 ED presentations were captured, translating to an average national incidence of 1,492 events. The incidence of trauma declined notably. Most encounters involved pediatric (≤18) and male patients (82.6% and 87.6%, respectively). Patients commonly presented with contusions or abrasions (41.4%). Contact with the baseball was the most frequently mentioned mechanism of injury (87.6%). There was a significant age-related (P = 0.009) difference in the distributions of diagnoses. 7.3% of patients had a visual sequela. Conclusions There was a declining incidence of baseball-related ocular injuries presenting to the ED. However, the long-term complications of injuries could not be explored. Further efforts are required to understand the implications of ocular injuries to ensure patients receive appropriate protections.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"145 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45822100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current surgical management of refractory full-thickness macular holes","authors":"T. Caporossi, M. Ripa, Lorenzo Governatori, Alessandra Scampoli, G. Gambini, Clara Rizzo, Raphael Kilian, S. Rizzo","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2045951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2045951","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Despite the great advancements in full-thickness macular hole (FTMH)-surgery that we have witnessed in the last decade, refractory FTMHs still occur. Areas covered Refractory FTMHs may result from the clinical characteristics and conformation of the hole, or from poor intraoperative and postoperative management. Failure of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling represents a challenge for vitreoretinal surgeons, and the continuous proposal of new surgical techniques expresses the ongoing need for the optimal treatment of macular holes. We review the current management and surgical techniques for refractory macular holes, highlighting evidence from recent studies. Expert opinion Surgical techniques continue to improve in order to satisfy the demands for the best management of refractory macular holes.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"25 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donor scleral graft vs pericardial graft vs scleral flap in tube drainage covering: advantages and disadvantages","authors":"Nisa Silva, J. Bollemeijer, André Ferreira, M. Menéres, H. Lemij","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2026217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2026217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) have become very popular in the surgical management of patients with glaucoma. Areas covered One of the important steps in GDD surgery is the tube coverage, in order to avoid the occurrence of postoperative tube exposure which carries the risk of infectious endophthalmitis. Several patch graft materials or autologous scleral procedures have been proposed, of which the donor scleral graft, pericardial graft, and scleral flap are among the most frequently adopted. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on this topic, with a focus on the material and characteristics, surgical technique, and advantages and disadvantages of each of these three common options. Expert opinion Both donor scleral grafts and scleral flaps provide a low and similar rate of postoperative tube exposure and low costs. The scleral flap procedure is readily available but may carry the risk of intraoperative complications and corneal issues related to scleral biomechanical changes. Pericardial grafts are associated with higher rates of graft thinning and tube exposure.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47180994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newer therapeutic agents for retinal diseases","authors":"A. Markan, S. Neupane, R. Agrawal, Vishali Gupta","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2030709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2030709","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Last few decades in medical retina have encountered significant development in the field of pharmacotherapy. With better understanding of molecular mechanisms and disease pathophysiology, alternate pathways are being targeted in various clinical trials. Areas covered In this review, a comprehensive list of newer therapeutic agents in various retinal conditions like diabetic macular edema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) have been elucidated. The review highlights alternate pathways involved in pathogenesis of DME and ARMD, and gives a brief summary of several phase I and phase II trials targeting these pathways. The review also briefly highlights the advancements in the field of gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, neuro-protection and retinal implants in IRDs. Lastly, available treatment options for NAION have been discussed. Expert opinion Evidence based medicine has allowed researches and vision scientists to explore newer drugs and target alternate disease pathways. Promising results with initial clinical trials will pave the pathway for larger studies and allow clinicians to overcome treatment burden presently associated with available treatment options.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"37 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43072391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision medicine and glaucoma management: how mathematical modeling and artificial intelligence help in clinical practice.","authors":"G Guidoboni, R Nunez, J Keller, C Wikle, E L Robinson, A C Verticchio Vercellin, B Siesky, F Oddone, L Quaranta, B Wirostko, F Topouzis, C-Y Cheng, I Januleviciene, A Wegner, G Antman, C Jones, A Harris","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2130249","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2130249","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical Engineering Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; School of Social Work, University of Missouri System, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; Centro Oculistico Italiano, Brescia, Italy; Department of Ophthalmologyh, Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Institute for Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Mathematics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 5","pages":"299-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9762696/pdf/nihms-1857631.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10223959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension for suprachoroidal use in the treatment of macular edema associated with uveitis.","authors":"Joanne Thomas,&nbsp;Lucas Kim,&nbsp;Thomas Albini,&nbsp;Steven Yeh","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2114456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2114456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Macular edema due to noninfectious uveitis is a sight-threatening complication that is routinely treated with corticosteroids. Triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension for suprachoroidal use (Xipere^™) is an alternative treatment option for patients with non-infectious uveitis associated macular edema.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review describes the recently FDA approved triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension that can be injected into the suprachoroidal space. This physiological space is between the sclera and choroid. This allows for therapeutic targeting of the retina and choroid. This review highlights published clinical trials for this novel drug preparation.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Suprachoroidal administration of triamcinolone acetonide has shown improvement in vision and inflammation in studies with non-infectious uveitis associated macular edema. This unique delivery method suggests the potential to decrease side effects of anterior segment exposure such as glaucoma and cataract, but head-to-head trials are needed for further study of safety and efficacy. Additionally, there are promising prospective studies underway for utilization of the suprachoroidal space for other diseases including macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and ocular tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 3","pages":"165-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9438525/pdf/nihms-1832307.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10042716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyalocyte origin, structure, and imaging.","authors":"Peter Wieghofer, Michael Engelbert, Toco Yp Chui, Richard B Rosen, Taiji Sakamoto, J Sebag","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2100762","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2100762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hyalocytes have been recognized as resident tissue macrophages of the vitreous body since the mid-19^th century. Despite this, knowledge about their origin, turnover, and dynamics is limited.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Historically, initial studies on the origin of hyalocytes used light and electron microscopy. Modern investigations across species including rodents and humans will be described. Novel imaging is now available to study human hyalocytes <i>in vivo.</i> The shared ontogeny with retinal microglia and their eventual interdependence as well as differences will be discussed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Owing to a common origin as myeloid cells, hyalocytes and retinal microglia have similarities, but hyalocytes appear to be distinct as resident macrophages of the vitreous body.</p>","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 4","pages":"233-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9831111/pdf/nihms-1823650.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10524385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychromatic through-focus image quality in a wavefront-shaping presbyopia correcting intraocular lens","authors":"F. Pastor-Pascual, Alicia Gómez-Gómez, R. Montés-Micó, Ramón Ruiz-Mesa, Pedro Tañá-Rivero","doi":"10.1080/17469899.2022.2021878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2022.2021878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives To compute the polychromatic through-focus image quality in eyes implanted with a new extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods Eight eyes of four patients who underwent implantation with the AcrySof IQ Vivity EDOF IOL were analyzed. Wavefront aberrations were measured. The optical metric for the polychromatic through-focus image quality used was the Visual Strehl ratio computed in the spatial domain (VSX). Eight eyes implanted with a monofocal IOL were also examined. Results The normalized VSX values change with vergence for both group of IOLs. However, the depth-of-focus (DoF) for the Vivity IOL was about 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 D larger than the monofocal IOL, for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 logMAR visual acuities. The DoF computed from the polychromatic through-focus image quality for the Vivity IOL was about 2.50D, being this value 1.25D wider than the monofocal one. The DoF obtained from the defocus curve was about 2.25 D for eyes implanted with the Vivity IOL. Conclusions Polychromatic through-focus image quality analysis agrees with the clinical outcomes indicating that this methodology may be useful to estimate the DoF and the expected quality of vision in patients implanted with lenses from wavefront aberration measurement. This approach shows the increased DoF of the EDOF lens compared to a monofocal.","PeriodicalId":39989,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"75 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45732975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}