Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022最新文献

{"title":"The Diagnostics and Recompletion Strategy of a Well with Sustained Casing Pressure","authors":"C. Elendu, N. Nwamara, C. Alinnor, Henry Enekhai, I. Ojukwu, James Ayoo, Olugbenga Abolarin","doi":"10.2118/211908-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211908-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Well sustained casing pressure signifies failure in the barrier envelop of any well and results in situations where pressure is observed or recorded in the annuli of a well and this pressure usually rebounds after bleed down. This phenomenon is a precursor to environmental and safety risk to the global oil and gas industry and presents a challenging situation that requires monitoring to understand the severity and management strategy. It is assessed to be a well integrity issue due to noncompliance to well barrier concept. It has become increasingly critical to address wells with sustained casing pressure (SCP) in view of the regulations guiding the industry and the operating environment which is experiencing an escalation of third-party activities. A bridge of well safety portends serious safety, health, environmental, operational, and integrity risks. Well PO-21 was completed as a single string, horizontal completion in the Q-10/PO-20 reservoir in 2004. Although, the well exceeded the production targets, it was subsequently shut-in in 2007 due to SCP. The initial well work attempts were carried out but were ineffective in resolving the SCP concerns: the well works carried out to isolate the casing pressure include tubing hole finding and setting of pack-off to isolate the holes. These activities could not resolve the sustained casing pressure issues with the well until a comprehensive analysis of the well, using a production logging tool comprising of noise and temperature log was deployed which gave a better understanding of the challenges of the well. A Major Rig Work Over (MRWO) was subsequently carried out on well and production was restored.\u0000 The well has continued to produce. This paper sets out to explore the holistic study of well PO-21: the initial well construction – drilling (casing, cementing, etc.,) and completion (lower and upper) design and operations. It will also showcase the production and nature of the problem observed during the production, the evaluations, and diagnostics carried out to isolate the source of SCP. The step-by-step solution approach in eliminating possible sources will be discussed based on the identified issues with the well using acquired data. The paper will also focus on the MRWO operations, and the several challenging situations encountered which necessitated a management of change from the planned recompletion strategy in response to the observed well condition. The well was successfully recompleted with no loss of containment and several lessons were learnt.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129391254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Heat Transport from a Reservoir to the Adjoining Formation in a Thermal Flood","authors":"K. Lawal","doi":"10.2118/211976-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211976-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Heat transfer from a petroleum reservoir to adjoining rocks is detrimental to thermal floods. While such thermal losses are inevitable, understanding the timescales of these heat exchanges would improve the design and management of thermal floods. Employing lumped-parameter system analysis and assuming series flow, this paper presents transfer functions that characterize response times of a reservoir and its surroundings to changes in temperature of the heat source. The reservoir-surrounding system is modelled as individual thermal capacitors and resistors. The transfer functions, solved for a step disturbance, describe the limiting case of negligible interaction between these subsystems. For a step-change in temperature of the heat source, responses of the reservoir and surroundings are simulated for some combinations of their properties. Simulation results explain time-delay between reservoir and surrounding temperatures. The time-delay is controlled by four distinct parameters vis-à-vis surroundings time constant (τr), reservoir time constant (τa), ratio of thermal resistances (R) as well as the ratio of conductive to convective heat flow (βr). These parameters are governed by petrophysical, transport and thermophysical properties of the heating medium, reservoir, and surrounding formation. It is shown that lag-time in thermal responses of reservoir and surroundings can range from few weeks to several years. For practical applications and analyses, these results provide insights into conditions under which a thermal flood may be approximated as adiabatic vs. non-adiabatic.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130560934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Oil Formation Volume Factor Correlation for Nigerian Crude Oils","authors":"Aneel Jordan Atthi, A. Sulaimon, Oluwatoyin Kunle Akinsete","doi":"10.2118/211968-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211968-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A comprehensive description of reservoir fluid properties is critical in developing solutions and resolving reservoir engineering issues. The oil formation volume factor, βo, is an indispensable reservoir fluid property in reservoir engineering calculations. In this study, we used a total of 11040 data points from 1840 oil samples to develop new βo correlations for the Nigerian crude oils specifically, and another set of correlations for the other regions herein referred to as the global crude oils. Linear regression (LR), multiple linear regression (MLR), multiple non-linear regression (MNLR), neural network (NN), support vector machine (SVM), and the group method of data handling (GMDH) techniques were used to develop several correlations. Results show that the GMDH method yielded the best correlation while the MNLR is the least accurate. The root means square error (RMSE) for the Nigerian, and Global correlations are 0.0033, and 0.0256 respectively. The two correlations are reliably better in terms of accuracy than the existing correlations. The new correlations would facilitate a more accurate reservoir characterization, and reliable design of surface equipment.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123233376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Production Forecasting Models and Oil End-Use Optimization Framework under Global Energy Transition Dynamics","authors":"Kaase Gbakon, J. Ajienka, Joshua Gogo, O. Iledare","doi":"10.2118/211967-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211967-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper reviews oil (and gas) supply forecasting models and subsequently espouses atypical modeling approaches for the optimal allocation of crude oil production. This paper becomes imperative within the context of the global energy transition and the future of the oil and gas industry in Africa in general and Nigeria, in particular. A categorization framework has been utilized to classify oil supply forecasting models based on regional focus, modelling techniques, and outcomes. The log – log functional form is adopted in this paper to forecast oil production in Nigeria and subsequently optimize its allocation. A review of literature indicates that oil (and gas) supply forecasting has a long history and in recent times, there has been the tendency to rely on models that integrate engineering with economics. The models used to project oil and gas production to meet climate goals have now inputted environmental targets. This review of oil production forecast models is carried out against the backdrop of the need to optimally allocate Nigeria's future oil production to diverse uses. This will have impact on expected oil export earnings, domestic fuels’ imports, and the potential for petroleum products’ export earnings.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123300847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Effects of Produced Water Discharge in an Aquatic Ecosystem: A Case Study of the Brass River","authors":"D. Maduagwu, I. Agbadiba","doi":"10.2118/211974-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211974-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Produced Water (PW) constitutes a major waste from the production and processing of crude oil, consequently posing a major concern for the environment. Location of the production facility poses a greater risk to environment as this affects how the PW will be handled. Whilst many companies have come up with technologies and processes for the treatment and re-use of PW, treatment and disposal is still a common practice, particularly in the offshore environment.\u0000 This study demonstrates that the Streeter-Phelps model (S-P model) can be used to evaluate the effect of produced water discharged on water bodies. This was done by comparing the result of an Environmental Evaluation Studies (EES) performed on the Brass River with the S-P model result. Similar trends/results were obtained, implying that the S-P model can be applied for quick determination of the effect on a river. This is important and useful for quick determination of the effect of the PW discharge in real-time and economically.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126697163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decommissioning of Oil and Gas facilities in Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"A. Raji, S. Ogiriki","doi":"10.2118/211920-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211920-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Decommissioning of oil and gas facilities in Nigeria is a relatively new activity. Decommissioning is essentially a set of activities undertaken to manage or dispose aged and worn-out Oil and Gas facilities. The idea of Decommissioning has become paramount in Nigeria due to aging of assets and mature fields operations as they are approaching the end of their economic life. However, presently no facility has ever been decommissioned in Nigeria. Decommissioning is an inherently hazardous exercise that requires meticulous planning, cognate experience, efficient management and other relevant defined skill set for it to be successful. This paper dwells on how to harness the opportunities that come with Decommissioning as well as suggest ways to mitigate some of its challenges.\u0000 The challenges could be technical, economic, environmental, and legal, but could be further narrowed to include but not limited to poor information management, inadequate regulatory readiness, poor talent management, waste management disposal, lack of previous experience, poor supply chain management, and low portfolio management. While opportunities include securing direct and indirect employment and procurement to home nationals, which in turn could foster the development of local skills, technology transfer, and use of local manpower in capital projects.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121705114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of Liquid-Loaded Gas Flow","authors":"Chinonso Okafor, A. Giwa, A. Gidado","doi":"10.2118/211952-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211952-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Liquid loading of gas wells gives rise to problems in the wells and diminishes their complete recuperation. A few authors proposed various models to predict the beginning of liquid loading in gas wells, yet the outcomes from the models regularly show disparities. Turner et al.'s basic model was developed based on the understanding that the liquid droplet is a sphere and stays spherical all through the whole wellbore. Thereafter, Li's model was formulated with the understanding that the fluid drops are flat in shape and stays the same all through. Furthermore, Maduabuchi's model was proposed in line with the previous models by presenting a distortion coefficient \"C\" to cater for the disfigurement of the liquid droplet along the wellbore and, thus, have the option to effectively foresee the basic rate when the droplet fluctuates from the circular shape to the level shape. In this work, another model has been developed and simulated with the aid of MATLAB program to anticipate liquid loading in gas wells. In the new model of this work, Maduabuchi et al.'s model was utilized while relating the drift flux equations and their parameters (distribution coefficient, C0, and the drift velocity, uD) in a modified form. The drift flux parameters were incorporated to cater for the impacts of mixing of the liquid and gas droplets. The newly developed Model predicted the critical velocity with a fitting accuracy of coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9547 compared to other models. Maduabuchi et al.'s model has coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8987, Li et al.'s Model has R2 value of 0.8987 and Turner et al.'s model has coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8939. Consequently, the new evolved model was discovered to be a quick and robust tool for estimating exactly the beginning of liquid loading of producing gas wells.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129966225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing Deposition Environment Using Energy Regime Assessment of Stacked Sequences from Gamma Ray Log and 3D Seismic Data","authors":"O. Rotimi, Somto Chukwuka, K. Oyeyemi, T. Ogunkunle, A. Akande, Betty Ihekona, Oseremen Iyamah, Tope Shade Alege","doi":"10.2118/211981-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211981-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Depositional sequence unbundling was done to understand the depositional environment from six wells through the analysis of gamma-ray logs using shale volume, and a 3D post-stack seismic. Identified hydrocarbon reservoir formations were laterally tracked to assess horizon continuity and spatial draping of the units. Horizon surfaces were built post-correlation to examine the bounded zones and reconcile sequences. Gamma-ray log motifs for the deposits indicate the presence of progradational, retrogradational, and aggradational sequence patterns that typifies prevalent energies at the time deposition, characteristic of deltaic environment. On the seismic sections, aggradational reflectors dominate over the other two. Although current well placements do not conform to structural attitude, petrophysical analysis done over the horizons indicate a significant increase in porosity and hydrocarbon saturation basin-ward (South-west), in the direction of the frontier prospect to site more wells.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124097759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of the Suitability of Using Lagenaria Siceraria Biodiesel in Oil Based Muds","authors":"A. A. Azuokwu, Y. Yerima, R. Azike, A. Igbafe","doi":"10.2118/211949-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211949-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The search for suitable biodiesel for formulating oil based muds for deep high-temperature wells, deviated offshore wells and sensitive shale formation have intensified over the years. The reasons behind the continuous search are in two folds. First, conventional diesel used in formulating oil-based muds are fossil based, costly, non-renewable and detrimental to environment. Secondly, previous attempts to use biodiesels proved to be more expensive than the conventional diesel.\u0000 In this study, biodiesel was produced from oil extracted from Lagenaria siceraria seeds. The suitability of using the synthesized Lagenaria siceraria biodiesel in oil-based muds was evaluated. The evaluation involved comparing the properties of the synthesized Lagenaria siceraria biodiesel and its drilling muds against those of the conventional diesel and some commonly used plant seed oil based biodiesels. In addition, the economic viability of the use of the synthesized Lagenaria siceraria biodiesel in oil-based muds was evaluated and compared against those of the conventional diesel and the commonly used plant seed oil based biodiesels.\u0000 The physiochemical properties of the synthesized Lagenaria siceraria biodiesel showed that it has a better potential to replace the conventional diesel. Result of mud properties and toxicity tests also showed that the synthesized Lagenaria siceraria biodiesel has a better potential to replace the conventional diesel. Although, conventional diesel is cheaper than the Lagenaria siceraria biodiesel and the commonly used plant seed oil based biodiesels, economic analysis showed that it is cost effective to use the Lagenaria siceraria biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133506155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effectiveness of SiO2 Nanoparticle Additive in Enhancing Water-Based Mud Properties and Performance to the Extent of HPHT Conditions","authors":"F. Okoro, Mary Frank-Okoro, E. Alor","doi":"10.2118/211940-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/211940-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigated the effectiveness of nano-particles, mainly silica, as an additive to water-based muds to the extent of HPHT conditions. Specifically, the study ascertained the impact of silica nano-particles in improving performance of water-based mud, the study also investigated the effect of nano-silica on mud density and also investigated the quality of silica nano-particles as a fluid loss agent and rheology modifier. The laboratory study was divided into four parts: viscosity determination, fluid loss test, sand content determination, and density determination. The experiments were conducted using water-based mud with and without silica nanoparticles. In the course of the study, the rheological, fluid loss properties, the rheological behaviour of the mud, and the cuttings transportation efficiency were directly and indirectly ascertained. From the findings, it was ascertained that nano silica improves mud viscosity, density, and also reduces yield point and fluid loss. With nano silica, the sand content of the drilling mud reduces. The effect of nanosilica in drilling fluids reduced shear stress vs. shear rate readings which could reduce the pump pressure required for mud circulation in drilling operations. Based on these findings, it is recommended that future laboratory studies be done in dynamic conditions in order to investigate the effect of drill pipe rotation on cuttings transportation improvement for water-based mud without and with nano silica.","PeriodicalId":399294,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, August 02, 2022","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116244870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}