International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Pesticide use Practice Impact on Honeybee Colony in Selected Districts of East Shoa and West Arsi Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Desta Abi, M. W. Sadik, T. Beyene","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0708004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0708004","url":null,"abstract":"During 2009/2010, study was carried out to assess agro chemicals use practice and its potential risk on honeybees and beekeeping activities in selected districts of East Shoa and West Arsi zones of Oromia. A total of 240 farmer respondents from eight rural peasant associations in four districts were interviewed using pretested partially structured questionnaires. Focus group discussion was held in all eight previously surveyed rural peasant associations for substantiation of the collected data. About 83.3 % of the study participants used different types of agrochemicals (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) at different levels 50.8%, 22.2%, 13.3%, 7.9%, 3.8% and 2.1% of the respondents did use agrochemicals for fungal, insect, weed, quality product, others and other diseases in decreasing order of importance respectively. Majority of Farmers in the study area have practiced spray form of agrochemicals application as compared to other forms. Even though, there was variability, farmers apply agrochemicals mainly at flowering stage of nearly all cultivated crops. Most of the farmers apply agrochemicals during winter season following irrigation farming in the study area. The respondent farmers confirmed that agrochemicals had affected beekeeping activities in several ways. From the respondents view and field observation in the present study, it is evident to report that agrochemical are recklessly used and do have high risk to beekeeping activities and honeybees population in the study area. Therefore, all stake takers should cooperate to mitigate agrochemicals use practice impact on honeybee population in the ecosystem. Frequent training has to be provided for both beekeepers and crop growers on the sustainable use of agrochemicals and approaches that will lessen potential harm that might be posed to honeybees due to misuse of agrochemicals. Further study is needed to examine actual impact of agrochemicals on beekeeping and honeybees using a rigorous research approach under laboratory and field conditions.","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121652450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Plant Hormone Bioassay to Paclobutrazol","authors":"Ashok Kumar, C. P. Singh, S. Ram","doi":"10.36811/ijpsh.2019.110014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/ijpsh.2019.110014","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative estimation of a known or suspected biologically active substance (such as a hormone or drug) by measuring its effect on a living organism in standard conditions is known as bioassay. The interaction of gibberellic acid (GA3) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) in lettuce hypocotyl bioassay and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and paclobutrazol in radish cotyledon enlargement test that paclobutrazol counteracts gibberellin activity when applied exogenously. The radish cotyledon enlargement at low concentration without counteracting BAP action. The reduction of growth to be counteracting of gibberellin activity by paclobutrazol as well as its cytokinin well activity at lower concentration which indicate concentration of gibberellins activity as evidence by their respective bioassay in the present investigation. Paclobutrazol slightly increased radish cotyledon growth at low concentration (up to 0.01 ppm) and could not counteract the growth caused by 1.0 ppm BAP at its 0.001 to 1.0 ppm concentrations suggesting independent effect of paclobutrazol to that of BAP. Furthermore, the activity of paclobutrazol was tested in corn root curvature test and it was found that PBZ concentrations from 0.001 to 10.0 ppm linearly increased the percentage of corn roots showing more than 90° curvature. Therefore, suggession that PBZ conutracted GA3, induced growih and also as IAA and cytokinin at lower concentration0.001 to 100ppm.","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130421667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Isolation of Major Pathogens Associated with it in and around Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Esayas Balcha Madalcho","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0702004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0702004","url":null,"abstract":"Fitness has shown great progress in the last 20 years world-wide by offering a new sportive life and life style. Besides the expectations having an aesthetic body, being attractive and imposing, to have more healthy life, the costs are paid. In fitness Germany is in position to be a role model. Academic structure, congress organization especially for fitness, fitness journals, accreditation and supervision system for fitness centers and also great interest of the public into the sport serve as model. The sector, in which graduates are employed in higher amounts, is fitness. In Turkey the masses show great interest in fitness. The independent federation could not be reached yet and there is supervision problem to control the existing fitness centers. In fitness which is dependent to Ministry of Youth and Sports, authorization discussions are going on. There are serious problems in the competence of trainers working in centers and urgent need of changes in the legal legislation.","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Thymus Vulgaris on the Respiratory Activity of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli","authors":"Flores-Encarnación, Aguilar-Gutiérrez, J. Xicohtencatl-Cortes, R. CARREÑO-LÓPEZ","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0801001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0801001","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils are organic compounds that have demonstrated antimicrobial properties. Some essential oils are potent bactericidal agents; such is the case of Thymus vulgaris. It has been reported that the essential oil of T. vulgaris is a bacterial growth inhibitor; it has potent bactericidal properties including efficacy against antibiotic-resistant strains. Some mechanisms from antibacterial activity of essential oils have been reported. In this work, the effect of T. vulgaris on the respiratory activity of uropathogenic E. coli was studied.","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"149 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120884803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Quality of Beeswax from Different Sources and Rendering Methods","authors":"Holeta Bee","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0706005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0706005","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the wax produced now-a-days are used in the manufacture of cosmetics, such as hand and face creams, lipsticks and depilatory wax and many uses. To become competent both in local and export markets the quality of the beeswax has to be maintained. However preand post-harvest handling and processing of crude beeswax may affect its quality and quantity. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality and quantity of beeswax obtained from different sources and compares the effectiveness of different beeswax extraction methods for rendering pure and quality beeswax. Three bees wax sources (comb, sefef and crude honey) and three extraction methods (manual, submerged and solar) were arranged in complete factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Ten kg each of comb, sefef and crude honey were used for extraction and the average amount of pure beeswax obtained was compared. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant difference among beeswax sources, extraction methods and interaction between beeswax sources and extraction methods on the yield of beeswax and slum gum ((P<0.05). Comparison of beeswax sources revealed that significantly higher beeswax yield of 6.76 kg source was recorded from crude honey than from comb and sefer with beeswax yield of 2.68 and 2.59 kg, respectively. Among the beeswax extraction methods, submerged method was found significantly superior to manual and solar extraction methods when comb and sefef sources were used, where as when crude honey was used as a beeswax source, manual and submerged methods were found on par in rendering beeswax. On the other hand, the highest slum gum was recorded from comb and sefef sources particularly when solar extraction method was used. In the case of crude honey source there was no significant difference among the three extraction methods on slum gum record. Statistical analysis indicated that different beeswax sources and extraction methods had no significant deference on melting, saponification clouding point, acid and ester values. The beeswax obtained in this study has shown similar characteristics with that of beeswax prepared for export purposes in terms of melting point, saponification clouding point, acid and ester values. Meseret","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127220966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Small-Scale Irrigation Use and its Effect on Household Food Security in Mirab Abaya Woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Masresha Tadesse, T. Samuel, Agidew Abebe","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0808004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0808004","url":null,"abstract":"Majority of Ethiopia’s farmers have been using traditional way of agricultural practices which is mostly rain fed. This has contributed for low productivity of the agricultural sector. To solve these problems, governmental and non-governmental bodies have made restless efforts to bring about change in agricultural production system. They have introduced improved agricultural technologies like use of fertilizers, high yielding varieties of seeds, pesticides and improved farm implements. However, the country has faced is low quantity and quality of irrigation based agriculture. This indicates that there are different factors directly or indirectly influencing the quality and quantity of agricultural production (Yishak, 2005).","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Rice Likeliness is Associated With Ketones in Urine?","authors":"M. Qadir, Aasma Aslam","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0704005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0704005","url":null,"abstract":"When a person does not take sufficient amount of glucose, then his body gets energy by burning fats. This process produces ketone bodies which can be seen in blood or urine of that person. The pouring of ketones into the urine is known as ketonuria. High level of ketones in urine is the sign of diabetics. The normal range of ketones is usually 1.5-3mmol/L. If higher than normal amount of ketones is present in urine then the person shows some type of symptoms such as dry cool skin, fatigue, high blood glucose concentration. Confusion, abdominal pain and deep breathing. The diabetic patients have greater risk of having high level of ketones in their urine due to insufficient intake of insulin or ineffective dosage of insulin. Moreover, those people who undergo critical situations such as pneumonia, pregnancy, heart attack, alcohol abuse, fasting or high fever have also greater chance of having ketones in urine. Depending upon the concentration of ketones in urine, the patients show different symptoms like dry mouth, fatigue, fruity smell in urine and breath, urgent need to urination and vomiting. The level of ketones in urine can be tested by using test strips which changes its color if ketone level is high in urine. Moreover, further test may carried out according to situations. These test include chest X-ray, CT scan, ECG, blood culture test etc. A patient should check his ketone level when hid blood sugar level is greater than 240 mg/dl because it shows the deficiency of insulin. If ketones level is high then it is recommended that a person should drink a plenty of water for the fast removal of ketones from urine (1).","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125290897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Major Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Scale Commercial Poultry Farms from Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Waktole Yadeta, Takele Sori, Motuma Debelo, B. G. Michael, Kula Jilo","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0710002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0710002","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018 to determine prevalence and assess potential risk factors of major gastrointestinal parasites of poultry from Jimma town semi-intensive and intensive small scale commercial poultry farms, Ethiopia. A total of 384 fecal samples collected from randomly selected exotic chickens comprising of 110 Bovans brown and 274 Sasso T44 breeds were examined by floatation technique. The overall prevalence of major GIT parasites was 76% (292 of the chickens were positive). Out of these, 36.97%, 29.9% and 3.39% were nematodes, Eimeria species and cestodes respectively. The nematode species identified were Ascaridia galli (25.5%), Heterakis gallinarum(9.4%) and Capillaria species(1.3%)while Cestode species were Railletina cesticillus(1.56%), Railletina echinobothrida(1.04%) and Davainea proglottina(0.78%). 5.7% prevalence of mixed infections were also identified. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence between management system of chickens in which higher prevalence was observed in semi-intensive management (80.3%) than intensive (70%). There was also a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among age groups where higher prevalence was recorded in adults and growers (85.6% and 83.3%) than chicks (62.1%). But, There were no a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between sex and breeds. This study suggested high prevalence of major GIT parasites in Jimma town small scale commercial poultry farms. Thus, further studies to assess the impact of major gastrointestinal parasites on health and production performance of chickens should be conducted and appropriate control strategies need to be devised.","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129548509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) on Cattle and Goats in a Wildlife-Livestock Interface Ecosystem at Mikumi National Park, Tanzania","authors":"Donath Damian, Modester Damas, J. Wensman, M. Berg","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0809005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0809005","url":null,"abstract":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page | 35 A Survey of Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) on Cattle and Goats in a Wildlife-Livestock Interface Ecosystem at Mikumi National Park, Tanzania Donath Damian , Modester Damas, Jonas Johansson Wensman, Mikael Berg Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Section of Ruminant Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134185208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Selected Heavy Metals in Samples of Branded and Unbranded Cow Milk in Selected Areas of Kaduna Metropolis","authors":"I. Sani, B. El-yaqub, S. Okeniyi, A. Shehu","doi":"10.20431/2349-0365.0809001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0365.0809001","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is a food of outstanding interest and has been taken by humans since the earliest pre-historic times and still forms the basis of most nation economies (Alfa, 1987). Milk is considered to be a complete food for young animals and of high nutritional value to humans. The constituents of milk include protein, fat, total solid, lactose, etc. Also, milk contains hundreds of minor constituents which include milk fat, vitamins, metal ion and flavor compounds (Armstrong, 1995). Animals are reared to produce milk for consumption by humans, although, cow is by far the most important in commercial terms (Adams and Moses, 1995) and White Fulani (Bunaji) as native breed in west Africa was recognized as the principal producer (Adeneye, 1989). Trace metals are a general collective term applying to the group of metals and metalloids with an atomic density greater than 6 g/cm. This term is widely recognized and usually applied to the elements such as cadmium (Cd), Cu, Fe, lead (Pb), and Zn which are commonly associated with pollution and toxicity problems (Malhatet al., 2012). One of the main problems with metals is their ability to bio-accumulate. Metal residues in milk are of particular concern because milk is largely consumed by infants and children (Tripathi et al., 1999). The food chain is an important source of Cd and Pb accumulation, especially for plants grown on polluted soils. Significant amounts of Cd and Pb can be transferred from contaminated soil to plants and grass, causing accumulation of these potentially toxic metals in grazing ruminants, particularly in cattle (Lópezet al., 2003). Accumulation of Cd and Pb in ruminants causes toxic effects in cattle, but also in humans consuming meat and milk contaminated with toxic metals (González-Weller et al., 2012). Cd and Pb are amongst the elements that have caused the most concern in terms of adverse effects on human health. This is because they are readily transferred through food chains and are not known to serve any essential biological function. Lead is a pervasive and widely distributed environmental pollutant with no beneficial biological roles. The poisoning is more common in farm ruminants, which are considered most susceptible to the toxic effects of lead (Swarup et al., 2005).","PeriodicalId":398989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125217002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}