Acta Palaeobotanica最新文献

{"title":"Groenlandia pescheri sp. nov. (Potamogetonaceae) from the Late Oligocene Fossil-Lagerstätte Enspel (Westerwald, Germany)","authors":"D. Uhl, M. Poschmann","doi":"10.2478/acpa-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The new species Groenlandia pescheri D. Uhl & Poschmann sp. nov., belonging to the family Potamogetonaceae, is described from the Late Oligocene Fossil-Lagerstätte Enspel (Westerwald, Germany). The species is characterized by sub-oppositely arranged leaves without observable stipule-like appendages at the leaf bases and a very thin exocarp (both characteristics of the aquatic genus Groenlandia J. Gay) with a spiked crest (which differs from the only other species included in this genus, the modern Groenlandia densa (L.) Four.). The taxon represents the first pre-Quaternary record of the genus Groenlandia, which is usually regarded as a basal sister group of all other Potamogetonaceae.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"61 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44005237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Eudicot flower and fruit: Dakotanthus gen. nov. from the Cretaceous Dakota Formation of Kansas and Nebraska, USA","authors":"S. Manchester, D. Dilcher, W. Judd, Brandon Corder, J. Basinger","doi":"10.2478/acpa-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An extinct plant that populated the eastern margin of the Cretaceous Midcontinental Seaway of North America about 100 million years ago has attracted interest as one of the earliest known bisexual flowers in the fossil record. Reexamination of the type specimen of Carpites cordiformis Lesq., and corresponding specimens from sandstones and clays of the Dakota Formation of Kansas and Nebraska and the correlative Woodbine Sandstone of Texas, with both light microscopy and micro CT scanning, leads to a revised concept of the morphology and affinities of the “Rose Creek flower”. The moderately large flowers (22–30 mm diameter) have two perianth whorls: five basally fused sepals and five free spatulate petals. The gynoecium is pentacarpellate with five styles. A crescent-shaped nectariferous pad occurs at the base of the gynoecium aligned with each sepal. Ten stamens are inserted at the level of the nectaries, one whorl organized opposite the sepals and another opposite the petals. In situ pollen is oblate, brevitricolporate and finely verrucate. The fruits are loculicidal capsules with persistent calyx and disk. Comparing the full suite of observed characters with those of extant angiosperms indicates particularly close similarity to the monogeneric fabalean family Quillajaceae, with shared features of perianth number and morphology, nectary position and morphology, stamen number and morphology, and gynoecium merosity, although the fossil differs from extant Quillaja in fruit type (capsule vs basally syncarpous follicles) and especially in pollen morphology (10 μm oblate, microverrucate, vs 30–40 μm prolate, striate).","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"27 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46514818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spiny fruits revealed by nano-CT scanning: Pseudoanacardium peruvianum (Berry) gen. et comb. nov. from the early Oligocene Belén flora of Peru","authors":"S. Manchester, B. Balmaki","doi":"10.2478/acpa-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fossil fruits formerly described as cashews from the Oligocene of Peru are reinvestigated based on the original specimens and newly collected materials. The recovery of an outer spiny layer, preserved in the sedimentary molds surrounding the locule casts, indicates that these disseminules do not represent Anacardium. Imagery from nano-CT scans of the specimens documents a distinctive morphology which does not resemble any fruits or seeds of Anacardiaceae. We describe the morphology in more detail and reassign the fossils to an extinct genus, Pseudoanacardium gen. nov., of uncertain familial affinity. Pseudoanacardium peruvianum (Berry) comb. nov. was a prominent member of the Belén carpoflora, which also included palms plus Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Humiriaceae, Leeaceae, Icacinaceae, Rutaceae and Vitaceae.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"58 1","pages":"41 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45589030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen morphology of extant Winteraceae: a study allowing SEM-based affiliation of its fossil representatives","authors":"F. Grímsson, Alexandros Xafis, F. Neumann, R. Zetter","doi":"10.1515/acpa-2017-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When applying high-resolution microscopy, the pollen morphology of extant taxa can be used to classify fossil pollen, that is, to address the latter in the established systematic-phylogenetic framework. Here we investigate tetrads and pollen features of 20 different Winteraceae species, most of them belonging to the early-diverging generic lineages Tasmannia, Drimys and Pseudowintera. The tetrads and pollen are grouped into eleven pollen types based on diagnostic features observed by both light and scanning electron microscopy. The high-resolution scanning electron micrographs of recent material allow detailed comparison with fossil material, resulting in a more accurate affiliation of fossil tetrads/pollen to extant lineages. As a case study, early Miocene Winteraceae tetrads from South Africa are re-examined and formally described. The systematic placement of the African fossils is discussed in light of the pollen types presented here.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"339 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44319391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and ecological significance of a seed bank from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation, southwest Virginia","authors":"P. S. Yehnjong, M. Zavada, Chris Liu","doi":"10.1515/acpa-2017-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil seed banks are important to the maintenance and restoration of floras. Extant seed banks exhibit unique characteristics with regard to the distribution of seed size and seed density. Seeds were recovered from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation in southwest Virginia. Structurally preserved seeds were also examined from coal balls of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Groups, Ohio. The size distribution of the seeds from the Wise Formation is similar to that of structurally preserved seeds of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Group coal balls. In contrast, the seed size distributions in extant wetland, grassland, woodland and forest habitats are significantly narrower than that of seeds from the Pennsylvanian seed banks. Larger seeds are less dependent on light for germination, and aid in seedling establishment more than smaller seeds, especially in dense stable forests where disturbance events are rare. Large seed size may contribute to increased seed longevity, which reduces the effect of environmental variability on seed germination and development. The significantly larger size of the Palaeozoic seeds may have imparted an advantage for seedling establishment in the dense Palaeozoic forests. The preponderance of large seeds may be a result of the absence of large seed predators (e.g. herbivorous tetrapods), and may have been an evolutionary strategy to minimize damage to the embryo from a predator population dominated by small invertebrates with chewing or sucking mouthparts. The estimated seed density of 192 seeds/m2 in the Palaeozoic seed bank falls within the range of modern seed banks, but at the lower end of modern seed bank densities in a variety of habitats.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"165 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42436401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revision of Fedekurtzia (pteridosperm) and allied fronds from the Carboniferous of Gondwana","authors":"Eliana P. Coturel, S. N. Césari","doi":"10.1515/acpa-2017-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carboniferous foliage of Fedekurtzia argentina (Kurtz) Archangelsky from Gondwana is systematically described and revised. The frond is reconstructed based on specimens of the late Serpukhovian–Bashkirian Nothorhacopteris/Botrychiopsis/Ginkgophyllum flora of western Argentina, especially from the Jejenes, Tupe and Volcán formations. The whole-frond reconstruction emphasizes the variation in pinnule shape throughout the basal, medial and distal sections of the frond. The basalmost rachis possesses cyclopteroid pinnules grading to pinnae with obovate to wedge-shaped pinnules at the medial section of the frond. Distal pinnae are shorter, bearing imbricate and more dissected pinnules. Specimens from the same type locality from which F. argentina comes, previously assigned to Triphyllopteris cuyana Leguizamón & Vega, are reassigned to F. argentina, as well as ovuliferous and microsporangiate structures in organic connection. Two decades ago a revision of the German Triphyllopteris genus rejected T. cuyana as representative of the taxon, and the Argentinian specimens remained as indeterminate “triphyllopteroid” fronds. The ovulate organ Polycalyx Vega & Archangelsky is considered to be in organic connection with vegetative fragments of F. argentina, and its cupulate character is discussed. Pollen organs represented by multi-forked axes bearing fusiform sporangia of Rinconadia Vega are also in organic attachment and included in the Fedekurtzia argentina reconstruction. The pollen or prepollen grains are trilete and with granulate sculpture. The paper presents a comparison with Botrychiopsis weissiana Kurtz emend. Archangelsky & Arrondo, which differs in its rounded and entire-margin pinnules. Similar specimens from Australia formerly described as Rhacopteris, Sphenopteridium and Archaeopteris and currently included in Fedekurtzia intermedia Rigby share morphological characters with the Argentinian species. A revision of the Australian material is necessary to confirm synonymy. Fedekurtzia belongs to the pteridosperms based on the reproductive organs and is here assigned to Austrocalyxaceae. Its reconstruction now constitutes one of the most complete seed-ferns known from the Carboniferous of Gondwana.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"135 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant remains from the Middle–Late Jurassic Daohugou site of the Yanliao Biota in Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"C. Pott, Baoyu Jiang","doi":"10.1515/acpa-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A late Middle–early Late Jurassic fossil plant assemblage recently excavated from two Callovian–Oxfordian sites in the vicinity of the Daohugou fossil locality in eastern Inner Mongolia, China, was analysed in detail. The Daohugou fossil assemblage is part of the Callovian–Kimmeridgian Yanliao Biota of north-eastern China. Most major plant groups thriving at that time could be recognized. These include ferns, caytonialeans, bennettites, ginkgophytes, czekanowskialeans and conifers. All fossils were identified and compared with species from adjacent coeval floras. Considering additional material from three collections housed at major palaeontological institutions in Beijing, Nanjing and Pingyi, and a recent account in a comprehensive book on the Daohugou Biota, the diversity of the assemblage is completed by algae, mosses, lycophytes, sphenophytes and putative cycads. The assemblage is dominated by tall-growing gymnosperms such as ginkgophytes, czekanowskialeans and bennettites, while seed ferns, ferns and other water- or moisture-bound groups such as algae, mosses, sphenophytes and lycophytes are represented by only very few fragmentary remains. The floral composition underlines the Callovian–Kimmeridgian age of the Yanliao Biota. The Daohugou/Yanliao flora is a typical member of the Middle to Late Jurassic Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis assemblage of north-eastern China, differing from the Early Cretaceous Jehol flora. Both floras probably belong to the same cycle of volcanism and sedimentation, although the Daohugou Bed is older than the Yixian Formation. The Yanliao fossil assemblage is placed in a larger palaeo-phytogeographical context and its relationships with Middle–Late Jurassic floras from north-eastern China, north-eastern and eastern Siberia and Japan are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"185 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/acpa-2017-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46251210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New names of Typha of Northern Eurasia (Typhaceae)","authors":"A. Doweld","doi":"10.1515/acpa-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The nomenclature of some fossil and extant homonyms of Typha (Typhaceae) is resolved. Fossil Typha elongata P.I. Dorofeev 1982, being an illegitimate later homonym of extant Typha elongata Pauquy 1834, is renamed T. asiatica nom. nov. Typha sibirica Krasnova 1987 (extant) is replaced by a new name, T. krasnovae nom. nov., on account of the earlier homonym, T. sibirica P.I. Dorofeev 1982 (fossil). T. transdnestrovica nom. nov. is proposed to replace the later homonym T. elliptica Negru 1976 (fossil) non T. elliptica Gmelin 1808 (extant). Fossil seeds from the Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of Bembridge (Isle of Wight, U.K.), previously attributed to the fossil-species T. latissima, based on leaves, are described as a new fossil-species, T. latissimisperma sp. nov. Typha latissima is neotypified; Typha angustior is lectotypified for the first time.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"233 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/acpa-2017-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43792820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revision of Pennsylvanian genus Sturia Němejc and its spores (Duckmantian, Czech Republic)","authors":"J. Frojdová, J. Pšenička, J. Bek","doi":"10.1515/acpa-2017-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sturia amoena (Stur) Němejc is a Pennsylvanian adpression true fern known from the Charbonnière de Belle et Bonne (Belgium) and from the Radnice and Kladno-Rakovník basins (Czech Republic). This revision includes a detailed study of pinna and pinnule morphology, aphlebiae and reproductive organs. Interesting details of sporangia and in situ spores are described for the first time. The sporangia of Sturia amoena have an equatorial bi-triseriate annulus and yielded in situ spores of the Punctatisporites and Apiculatisporites types.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"153 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45294314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The type specimen of Nilssoniopteris solitaria (Phillips 1829) Cleal et P.M.Rees 2003 (Bennettitales)","authors":"C. Pott, Johanna H. A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert","doi":"10.1515/acpa-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We identified and located the type specimen of Scolopendrium solitarium, which is the basionym to what for decades was commonly referred to as “Nilssoniopteris vittata” and is now known as Nilssoniopteris solitaria (Phillips) Cleal et P.M.Rees. As Cleal and Rees (2003) never located and studied the type specimen of Scolopendrium solitarium and simply trusted Harris (1969), who included Scolopendrium solitarium in the synonymy of Nilssoniopteris vittata, it remained to be shown that this specimen indeed has bennettitalean affinities. Here we provide results of a cuticular analysis of the material and confirm the bennettitalean nature of Scolopendrium solitarium, and consequently that its placement in Nilssoniopteris solitaria is valid. Nilssoniopteris solitaria is, as a senior synonym of Nilssoniopteris tenuinervis, the type species of Nilssoniopteris. The name “Nilssoniopteris vittata” should no longer be used because it was based on Taeniopteris vittata, which is the conserved type of Taeniopteris, a genus in which taeniopterid fossils are placed if epidermal anatomy is unknown. Specimens identified as this species but yielding a bennettitalean cuticle should be referred to as Nilssoniopteris solitaria.","PeriodicalId":39861,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeobotanica","volume":"57 1","pages":"177 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/acpa-2017-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41943502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}