Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie最新文献

{"title":"EFFECT OF ACUTE HYDROGEN-RICH WATER INTAKE ON INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS.","authors":"E Najmanová,&nbsp;H Manethová,&nbsp;M Botek,&nbsp;F Pluháček","doi":"10.31348/2023/23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2023/23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purposes: </strong>The primary aim of the study was to assess the response of intraocular pressure (IOP) to the acute ingestion of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) compared to hydrogen-free water (placebo) in healthy subjects. The effect of HRW intake on central corneal thickness (CCT) was also monitored.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Twenty-four healthy volunteers (5 men, 19 women) aged between 20 and 33 were included in the study, in which one eye of each subject was measured. The study was prospective, randomized and double-blind, with crossover design. Each subject underwent two parts of the experiment, each part on a different day and in random order. In each part of experiment, a total volume of 1260 ml of HRW or placebo was administered over 15 minutes in three doses. IOP and CCT were measured before and during the course of 75 minutes from the start of the HRW or placebo intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of both HRW and the placebo caused a significant increase in IOP. The maximum IOP increase was 2.7 mmHg ±2.0 mmHg in minute 25 after the commencement of the experiment (HRW intake), and 1.4 mmHg ±2.0 mmHg in minute 35 (placebo intake). The values of IOP did not differ significantly between both parts, but there were significantly more clinically significant individual IOP increases after HRW intake (58%) compared to the placebo (25%). CCT did not change significantly during the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rapid intake of 1260 ml of both HRW and hydrogen-free water causes a statistically significant increase in IOP compared to the baseline in healthy individuals. In the case of HRW, the increase was also clinically significant in most of the subjects. Thus, the results indicate that acute intake of HRW may pose a higher risk than placebo intake in terms of IOP. However, in the case of risk groups such as subjects with glaucoma, ocular hypertension or suspected glaucoma, it is necessary to verify this conclusion by further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 4","pages":"180-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10394507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CHANGES POST- PHACOEMULSIFICATION SURGERY IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS WITH CATARACT.","authors":"N Hong-Kee,&nbsp;Ahmad-Marwan,&nbsp;M Julieana,&nbsp;Chong,&nbsp;Vivian-Gong,&nbsp;Liza-Sharmini,&nbsp;Y Azhany","doi":"10.31348/2023/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2023/12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the changes of central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) post-phacoemulsification between cataract patients with and without pre-existing glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study of 86 patients with visually significant cataract: 43 with pre-existing glaucoma (GC group) and 43 without pre-existing glaucoma (CO group). CCT and IOP were evaluated at baseline (pre-phacoemulsification), as well as at 2 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 6 weeks post-phacoemulsification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GC group have significantly thinner CCT pre-operatively (p = 0.003). There was a steady increase of CCT with the highest peak at 1 day post-phacoemulsification, followed by a steady decline of CCT and back to baseline at 6 weeks post-phacoemulsification in both groups. The GC group demonstrated a significant difference in CCT at 2 hours (mean difference 60.2 μm, p = 0.003) and 1 day (mean difference 70.6 μm, p = 0.002) post-phacoemulsification, compared to the CO group. There was a sudden increase in IOP at 2 hours post-phacoemulsification measured by GAT and DCT in both groups. This was followed by a gradual reduction of IOP, with significant reduction at 6 weeks post-phacoemulsification in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in IOP between the two groups. IOP measured by GAT and DCT showed strong correlation (r &gt; 0.75, p &lt; 0.001) in both groups. There was no significant correlation between GAT-IOP and CCT changes; nor between DCT-IOP and CCT changes in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CCT changes post-phacoemulsification in patients with pre-existing glaucoma were similar, in spite of having thinner CCT pre-operatively. IOP measurement was not affected by CCT changes in glaucoma patients post-phacoemulsification. IOP measurement using GAT is comparable with DCT post-phacoemulsification.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 2","pages":"70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9772171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BILATERAL ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY IN ACUTE COVID-19 INFECTION: A CASE STUDY.","authors":"N Ferková,&nbsp;H Hudečková,&nbsp;A Barnau","doi":"10.31348/2023/21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2023/21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present paper is to describe the case study of a female patient with bilateral AMN, suffering from active acute infection with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 32-year-old female patient with impaired vision bilaterally persisting for 2 days reported to the emergency Department of Ophthalmology at the Central Military Hospital in Ružomberok, Slovakia. The patient manifested symptoms of COVID-19 infection persisting for 3 days before the onset of visual complaints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the primary examination, initial best corrected central visual acuity was 20/40 bilaterally, paracentral scotomas were present more in the right eye. Upon examination of the ocular fundus, the edges of the optic nerve disc were out of focus more in the left eye; brownish red petaloid lesions were present around the fovea, the periphery was without pathological findings. OCT and OCTA were performed, with a conclusion of bilateral AMN upon a background of COVID-19 infection. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was administered in a preventive dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number of documented ocular complications of COVID-19 infection, including microvascular events, is currently increasing.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 3","pages":"150-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy - experience from practice. A Review.","authors":"M Karhanová, J Čivrný, J Kalitová, J Schovánek, B Pašková, Z Schreiberová, P Hübnerová","doi":"10.31348/2023/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2023/10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose is to acquaint readers with the contribution of imaging methods (IMs) of the orbit, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the diagnosis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). Methods: IMs of the orbit are an indispensable accessory in the clinical and laboratory examination of TAO patients. The most frequently used and probably most accessible method is an ultrasound examination of the orbit (US), which, however, has a number of limitations. Other methods are CT and MRI. Based on the published knowledge implemented in our practice and several years of experience with the diagnosis and treatment of TAO patients, we would like to point out the benefits of CT and MRI in the given indications: visualisation of the extraocular muscles, assessment of disease activity, diagnosis of dysthyroid optic neuropathy and differential diagnosis of other pathologies in the orbit. Our recommendation for an ideal MRI protocol for disease activity evaluation is also included.  Conclusion: IMs play an irreplaceable role not only in the early diagnosis of TAO, but also in the monitoring of the disease and the response to the applied treatment. When choosing a suitable IM for this diagnosis, a number of factors must always be taken into account; not only availability, cost and burden for the patient, but especially the sensitivity and specificity of the given method for the diagnosis of TAO.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 6","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Far Nasal Part of the Visual Field - Part I.","authors":"J Lešták, M Fůs, T Lešták, Š Pitrová","doi":"10.31348/2023/36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2023/36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the limits of the far nasal part of the visual field.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Visual field examination was performed in 15 healthy subjects (30 eyes), specifically nine women aged 20-43 years and six men aged 22-35 years. All eyes were found to have physiological ocular findings and visual acuity of 1.0 with correction less than or equal to 3 diopters. The visual field was examined with a Medmont M700 instrument by shifting the fixation point 40 degrees temporally and simultaneously turning the head nasally, with a spatial accommodation program. A total of 89 examination points were included using flicker stimuli.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The far nasal limit of the visual field reached 100° in 13.3% of eyes, 105° in 20% of eyes and up to 110° in 66.7% of eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The limit of the far nasal part of the field of vision reached 100-110 degrees (when nose shielding was eliminated).</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 6","pages":"306-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy – Diagnostics and Treatment Guidelines","authors":"J Studnička, J Němčanský, D Vysloužilová, J Ernest, P Němec","doi":"10.31348/2023/28","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2023/28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and represents a serious health, social and economic problem. With the expected increase in the number of patients with diabetes, it is becoming the leading cause of severe vision loss in the working-age population.  The presented guidelines summarize the current knowledge about this disease in order to standardize and update the procedures for the diagnosis, classification and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 5","pages":"238-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CURRENT VIEW OF THE SPECTRUM OF PACHYCHOROID DISEASES. A REVIEW.","authors":"A Stepanov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The term \"pachychoroid\" (greek pachy- [παχύ] - thick) was first used by Warrow et al. in 2013. It is defined as an abnormal and permanent increase in choroidal thickness ≥ 300 μm, which is caused by dilatation of the choroidal vessels of the Haller's layer, thinning of the Sattler's layer and the choriocapillaris layer.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Literary research focused on the current view of pachychoroid spectrum diseases, including clarification of the pathophysiological theories of the formation of \"pachychoroid\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It is assumed that \"pachychoroid\" disease has an autosomal dominant type of heredity. Depending on the further activity of various exogenous and/or endogenous factors, pachychoroid diseases may appear. According to the current knowledge, the spectrum of pachychoroid disease covers six clinical entities: pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoid choroidal vasculopathy, focal choroidal excavation and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. In this study, we describe the clinical symptoms and objective findings of focal choroidal excavation and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. The current pathophysiological theory of pachychoroid diseases is based on impaired venous outflow from the choroid (\"venous overload choroidopathy\") and thickening of the sclera in the eyes of affected patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pachychoroid diseases should be included in the differential diagnosis of characteristic features observed during multimodal imaging analysis of choroidal changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"3 Ahead of Print","pages":"1001-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10869512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACUTE KERATOUVEITIS WITH CORNEAL GRAFT MELTING AS A LATE COMPLICATION OF MILD CHEMICAL BURN POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 INFECTION: A CASE REPORT.","authors":"N Majtánová,&nbsp;V Kurilová,&nbsp;P Krišková,&nbsp;P Kéri,&nbsp;Z Fellner,&nbsp;D Cholevík,&nbsp;J Majtán,&nbsp;P Kolář","doi":"10.31348/2023/25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31348/2023/25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical burns are sight-threatening injuries that require immediate management. The main goal of the initial treatment is prompt and copious irrigation to neutralize and eliminate the chemical, followed by various therapeutic options (conservative and surgical) according to the individual patient's postinjury findings.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this case report, we describe the course and treatment of a patient with chemical alkali burns of both eyes. This study reports the outcomes of an ocular alkali burn patient who became infected with COVID-19 and where severe keratouveitis with corneal graft melting and hypopyon occurred, ultimately resulting in evisceration of the eye.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>We report the case of a 35-year-old woman, after an alkali burn of both eyes. Complete re-epithelialization of both corneas occurred within three weeks. Due to this observation, we assumed a satisfactory healing prognosis. However, corneal lysis occurred in the left eye over time. The condition was managed, but subsequently severe keratouveitis with hypopyon and corneal lysis occurred in the left eye, apparently in connection with the COVID-19 infection, which ultimately led to the evisceration of the affected eye.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and importance: </strong>In the case report, we describe the management of a mild chemical alkali burn of the right eye and a complicated moderate burn of the left eye with an alkaline chemical. Both eyes were completely healed within three weeks. However, the findings on the left eye became complicated, which ultimately led to the evisceration of the affected eye. The disease of COVID-19 could have contributed to the deterioration of the findings on the cornea, or it could have just been a coincidence of two diseases, with the keratouveitis having a serious course due to the previous difficult course of healing and many complications after the chemical burn.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 4","pages":"192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10332750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE ORBIT IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THYROID-ASSOCIATED ORBITOPATHY - EXPERIENCE FROM PRACTICE. A REVIEW.","authors":"M Karhanová,&nbsp;J Čivrný,&nbsp;J Kalitová,&nbsp;J Schovánek,&nbsp;B Pašková,&nbsp;Z Schreiberová,&nbsp;P Hübnerová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose is to acquaint readers with the contribution of imaging methods (IMs) of the orbit, specifically computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the diagnosis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). Methods: IMs of the orbit are an indispensable accessory in the clinical and laboratory examination of TAO patients. The most frequently used and probably most accessible method is an ultrasound examination of the orbit (US), which, however, has a number of limitations. Other methods are CT and MRI. Based on the published knowledge implemented in our practice and several years of experience with the diagnosis and treatment of TAO patients, we would like to point out the benefits of CT and MRI in the given indications: visualisation of the extraocular muscles, assessment of disease activity, diagnosis of dysthyroid optic neuropathy and differential diagnosis of other pathologies in the orbit. Our recommendation for an ideal MRI protocol for disease activity evaluation is also included. Conclusion: IMs play an irreplaceable role not only in the early diagnosis of TAO, but also in the monitoring of the disease and the response to the applied treatment. When choosing a suitable IM for this diagnosis, a number of factors must always be taken into account; not only availability, cost and burden for the patient, but especially the sensitivity and specificity of the given method for the diagnosis of TAO.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"3 Ahead of Print","pages":"1001-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10869510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Corneal Topography in Pediatric Ophthalmology.","authors":"V Popová, D Tomčíková, B Bušányová, F Kecer, A Gerinec, I Popov","doi":"10.31348/2023/30","DOIUrl":"10.31348/2023/30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To introduce the topic of pediatric keratoconus, highlighting the importance of routine corneal topography and tomography in children and adolescents from predisposed groups. To attempt to ensure the early detection of keratoconus and its subclinical form, enabling early treatment, which brings better expected postoperative results.  Material and methods: Using the corneal tomograph Pentacam AXL we examined children and adolescents with astigmatism equal or greater than  2 diopters (in at least one eye) and patients with at least one risk factor such as eye rubbing in the case of allergic pathologies, positive family history of keratoconus or certain forms of retinal dystrophy. In total, we included 231 eyes (116 patients), of which 54 were girls and 62 were boys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Belin-Ambrósio deviation index parameter was evaluated, in which we classified a total of 41 eyes as subclinical keratoconus and 12 eyes as clinical keratoconus. Next, the corneal maps were evaluated individually, in which we included a total of 15 eyes as subclinical keratoconus and 6 eyes as clinical keratoconus. In our group, compared to the control group, subclinical and clinical keratoconus occurred most often in the group of patients with astigmatism and in the group of so-called \"eye rubbers\". After individual evaluation, keratoconus occurred more frequently in boys than in girls in our cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most patients with keratoconus are diagnosed when there is a deterioration of visual acuity and changes on the anterior surface of  the cornea. Corneal topography and tomography allows us to monitor the initial changes on the posterior surface of the cornea, and helps us to detect the subclinical form of keratoconus and the possibility of its early treatment. Therefore, it is important to determine which groups are at risk and groups in which corneal topography and tomography should be performed routinely.</p>","PeriodicalId":39839,"journal":{"name":"Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie","volume":"79 5","pages":"258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}